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高考英语外刊阅读模拟强化训练阅读理解专题二十二
①The end of theworld isnigh,again.And asusual,its beinggreeted largelywith ashrug.Perhaps youfelta prickof uneaseas youscrolled theheadlines,or half-listened overbreakfast tosome radiodebateabout thefact thatsome timein the next fouryears theplanet islikely tobreach the
1.5C risein globaltemperaturethat wehave longbeen toldis thetipping pointto avoid.Perhaps youeven feltrage orfrustrationthat itstaking everyone else solong towake up.But thechances arethat most people willhaveforgotten itby lunchtime.If swingvoters wereas viscerallyscared of flood,fire andcatastrophic cropfailure asthey seemto beofpeople leavingCalais indinghies,governments wouldbe turningthemselves insideout battlingtherising temperature.Imagine ifWestminster pouncedon everyglobal heatingforecast likeit willon nextweeksimmigration figures,expected to show anotherrise torecord levels;imagine ifgreen issuesstirredthe sameprimal emotionsas Brexiters5blue passports.A psychologistwould arguethat the brains naturaldefences againstanxiety arestrong,and inthis caseunhelpfullyso.Were hardwired to respond toimminent physicalthreats ratherthan abstractor distantonesand,crucially,to runaway fromanything toobig tofight.These survivalinstincts servedhumanswell inconflict withcharging mammoths,but notso muchagainst thekind of abstract butexistentialrisks potentiallyposed bythe climatecrisis.No doubtthe mediacould domore toshove thisparticularcrisis ineveryones faces.Its nottoo lateyet.The lessonfrom thepandemic is that peoplecan besurprisingly willingto makesacrificesfor the public good,if wethink thateveryoneelseis doingit andif therewards areclear.Staying athome tosave the NHS wasthe noblething todo,but italso madeyou muchless likelyto dieofCovid,and withinweeks it was gratifyinglyobvious thatitwasworking ascase numbersbegan tofall.The fightto staybelow
1.5C needsto feellike thenext national crusade,a battlewe arecapable ofwinningand whichis thereforeworth joiningin.There issomething oddlypuzzling aboutthisgovernments apparentreluctance tosing itsown praisesover netzero:Britain evidentlyisnt脱碳decarbonizing fastenough,but itstill reducedits emissionsfaster than any othercountry in theworld between2010and2020,a successmany Conservativesnow seemstrangely embarrassedtomention.Crucially,households need to knowwhat isin itfor themif theygive uptheir gasboilers orpetrol cars-which inpractice meansmore generousfinancial subsidies and incentivesto cushion the costsofswitching,plus investmentin theinfrastructure toback itup,from car-charging pointsand batteryfactoriesto anarmy ofproperly trainedheating engineers.But withone infive votersalready sayingthey thinkthe governmentspends toomuch onclimate andenvironment policies,political partieswont riskspending billionsmore withouta clearsignal thatthisreally ishow wewant ourtaxes spent.And sowe go,round andround in an endlesscircle ofdithering.It isntrising globaltemperatures thatthreaten us in theend somuch asthe eternalhuman tendencytoput offendlessly untiltomorrow thatwhich we cant quiteface doingtoday.What thescience isincreasinglyurgently tryingto tellus,much aswe maynot wantto listen,is thatwecanno longerbe sureexactlyhow manytomorrows wehave left.】[The GuardianMay19,
20231..What willmostpeopleusually doafter hearingthat theworld isburningA.They willscroll theheadlines morefrequently toconvey theirideasB.They willtake the news soseriously thatthey wonthave breakfastC.They willnot careit somuch andwill leaveit behindtheir headsquicklyD.They willtry theirbest toappeal toeveryone totake immediateaction
2.Why wontthe mediacover globaltemperature issuesas manyas possibleA.voters aremore scaredofflood,fire andcatastrophic cropfailureB.psychologically,people aremore likelytorespondto physicaldefenses aroundthe cornerthandistance onesC.British governmentfocus moreon everyglobal heatingforecastD.green issueslead to the primalemotions acrossthe wholecountry
3.What doesthe underlinedphrase“thenextnationalcrusade^^refer toA.staying athome for the publicgoodB.saving theNHS systemC.the fightto get rid of the pandemicD.battle againstthe riseof globaltemperature
4.According to the author,what putusindanger in the endA.insufficient financialsubsidiesandincentives from the governmentB.always delayingcompleting todaysmissionC.the disapprovalfromthemajority of the votersD.the unpracticalclimate andenvironmentpolicies
②Could a new treatmentdeveloped bythe USpharmaceutical companyLilly mean“the beginningofthe end“of AlzheimersCould weeven curethe diseasesome dayThese arethe typesof headlinesandquestions swirlingaround afternews ofa new drug,called donanemab,showed promisingresults inphase-3trials atslowing downthe declinein cognitivefunctions andreducing thedeterioration in theability toundertake dailytasks independently.Alzheimers isthe mostcommon causeof dementia,accounting for60-70%of cases.It isnot anormalpart ofageing,even thoughit largelyaffects thoseover
65.Its adegenerative diseasewhere symptomsworsenover years,starting withmild memoryloss andmoving towards the completeloss ofability torecogniseloved onesand caregivers,confusion anddisorientation betweenthe pastand present,and theinability to liveindependently.It canbe heartbreaking forfamilies towatch thedeterioration oflovedones whoalmost becomelike adifferent person,with extrememood andbehavioural changes.The brainscience behindAlzheimers iscomplex,but CTand MRIscans suggestthat toxicchangesoccur in the brain,including theabnormal buildup ofproteins calledamyloid plaquesand tautangles.The damagestarts in the partsof the brain essentialfor formingmemories butthen spreadsthroughoutthe organ,with braintissue shrinkingsignificantly.Developing treatmentsfor Alzheimershas beena challenge,with almost20years passingwith nonewdrugs.But inthe lastyear,two newones haveemerged:donanemab andlecanemab.Neither arecuresor magicbullets forthe disease,but theydo addresskey symptoms.They targetthe amyloidproteinsthat canaccumulate inthe brainand damageneurons,slowing downits progression.And whilethis newsis exciting,there aremajor caveats.One iswhether itwill everbecome availableon theNHS.The costis estimatedto beabout£20,000per personper yearof treatment.While lucrativefordrug companies,and likelyto beaimed atthe UShealthcare market,intheUK itcould becomea“luxury“good forthose able to payvast sumsof moneyinthegrowing privatehealthcare sector.Another isthe seriousside-effects:inthestudy,brain swellingoccurred in24%of participantsandbrain bleedingoccurred in
31.4%onthe drug comparedwith
13.6%intheplacebo group.There werealsothree deathsduring thetrial,which havebeen linkedto Ariaamyloid-related imagingabnormalities-seizures andbleeding inthebrain.Part of the problemfor me,as anacademic,in assessingthedrugisthatthe fullresults of the trialhaventyet beenshared publiclyor publishedinapeer-review journal.We cannotaccess thefull dataorscrutinize thetrial yet,and there is alwaysan incentivefor privatecompanies tooverstate theeffectivenessof newdrugs.Trial resultsneedto be assessedrobustly by an independentbody ofexperts.While itis unlikelyto changeclinical practiceuntil atleast2025,the newsof donanemabis againanindication thatscience iscontinuing tomake progresswhen itcomes totreating themajor causesofillness anddeath,even onerelated tothe highlycomplex innerworkings of thebrain.Weve rarelymanaged tocure”a diseasecompletely,but wehave managedto developtools toreducethe painand debilitatingsymptoms ofvarious diseases-and improvethe qualityand lengthof peopleslives.So,there arecaveats and the needfor caution,but thesenew Alzheimersdrugs areindeed thegroundsfor thatrare thingthese days:hope.】[The GuardianMay19,
20231.Which ofthe followingstatements concerningAlzheimer istrueA.there existsanewdrug tocure itcompletelyB.60-70%of dementiaresult inAlzheimerC.the completeloss ofabilitytorecognize lovedones isnormal whenyoure oldD.amyloid plaquesand tautangles accumulatefirst todamage partofthebrain thenthe wholeorganwas destroyed
2.The underlinedword“caveats“can bestbe replacedbyA.warningsB.discussionsC.illustrationsD.instruments
3.Whafs the problem ofthenewdrug accordingtothe author asan academicA.it hasthe seriousside-effects suchas brainbleeding anddeathsB.the effectivenessof newdrugs maybe exaggeratedwithout properand fairassessmentC.the costofthenewdrugis outof reachfor ordinarypeopleD.thereisno possibilityfor newdrugs to be admittedinto theNHS
4.What theauthors attitudetowardsthenew drugA.approvalB.doubtfulC.objectiveD.carefree
③New York officials aredeploying moreresources to help homeless people onthe subwaysystem.The caseof JordanNeely,a homelessman killedbyafellow passengerduring anapparent mentalhealthepisode,shows justhow stubborntheproblemis.Neely,a MichaelJackson impersonatorwho struggledwith mental illness,died May1after24-year-old DanielPenny puthim ina fatalchokehold ona subwaytrain inlower Manhattan.Neelys funeralwill beheld Fridayin Harlem.Prosecutors chargedPenny withsecond-degreemanslaughter thismonth aftera chorusof New York officialsdescribed theincident asa murder.Hislawyers saidhe wasacting toprotect himself.The fatalencounter hasinflamed NewYorkers,debate aroundpublic safetyand mentalhealth.At thecenterof bothissues isthe cityshomelessness crisis,which MayorEric Adams-a formerpolice officer-has pledgedto fixbut sofar hasstruggled toalleviate.Adams andNewYorkGov.Kathy Hochulannounced souped-up outreach programs inFebruary.It isdifficultto measuretheir impact.Under thecity-backed program,teams ofpolice officersand outreachworkerssweep trainsat end-of-line subwaystations.The averagenumber ofhomeless peoplein subwaytrainsreaching theendoftheir linedecreased to
2.7in January2023from sixa yearearlier.The sharpestdeclinecame afteran MTAsweep atthe startof2022,which officialssaid cleared350people from29encampments insubway tunnelsand89encampments in stations.Shelly Nortz,deputy executivedirectorfor policyfortheHomeless advocacygroup saidpeople sometimesaccept transportationtoshelters butdont botherchecking in.She saidit wouldbe betterif peoplewere takento morepermanenthousing ratherthanashelter.David Jones,an MTAboard member,said workersinthe outreachprogramsneeded moretraining.“Were goingto haveto upthe antein termsoftheskill leveloftheoutreach teamstobeabletohandlethis stuffyhe said.Last week,a policeofficer spotteda personsprawled acrossthe benchaboard anE trainshortly aftermidnight.Good morning!”the officershouted.Are yougetting services”an accompanyingoutreachworker asked.The personsat up,mumbled something,andtheteam movedon.The trainpulled outof thestationagain.The statehas launched11outreach teamsthat workinstationsduring daysand evenings.It isimportanttobepersistent andlisten topeoples individualneeds.Tashjian,executive deputycommissionerofthestates Officeof MentalHealth,joined theoutreach effortsin theirearly daysandsaid itsometimes takesworkers multipleengagements toget peopleto agreeto accepthelp.Sheconsiders thenumber ofplacements asuccess andtouted statefunding approvedthis yearfor hundredsofunits ofsupportive housing.[The WallStreet JournalMay19,
202311.Why didtheauthorcite Neelyscase inthe firstparagraphA.to introducethe legalsystem inAmericaB.toshowhow urgenttohelphomeless peopleonthesubway systemC.to criticizethe NewYorkofficialswho destroyedthepublicsafetyD.to condemnthe murderwho hasmentalillness
2.How aretheoutreachprograms carriedout bythe mayorA.homeless peopleat end-of-line subwaystation iscleared bypolice officersB.teams ofpolice officersand outreach workers cleantrains usinga toolC.subway servicesare shutdown tohomeless peopleall daylongD.homelesspeopleare requiredto checkin toaccept transportationshelters
3.Whafs themeaning ofthe underlinedphrase upthe ante”A.put anend toa talkB.getridofaproblemC.set ahigher standardor goalD.deal witha toughsituation
4.How todescribe anoutreachworkersjob accordingtothepassageA.easy andrewardingB.high-paid andrelaxingC.respectful andsecretD.hard anddemanding答案CBDBDABABACD。