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龙文教化学科导学案老师:学生:日期:星期:时段:课题虚拟语气学习目标娴熟驾驭各种从句中的虚拟语气学习重点各种时态的虚拟状况学习方法讲解和练习学习内容及过程One*s realvalue firstlies into whatdegree andwhat sensehe sethimself.一个人的真正价值首先确定于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来
1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种及客观现实不相符或根本不行能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不行能获得的结果条件句中的虚拟语气依据不同的时间有三种不同的形式时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式be用were将来should+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原were to+动词原形形现在动词过去式be用were would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词
2.条件中的虚拟语气的举例1将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气如If he should goto QingHuaUniversity,he wouldmake fulluse ofhis time.假如他要上清华高校的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了If hewere tocome here,hewould tellus aboutit.假如他要来的话,他会通知我们一声2现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气如If hewere free,he wouldhelp us.要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的If hestudiedat thisschool,hewould knowyou well.假如他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟一Hewould bestillalivetoday ifhethatdrug.A.not takeB.shouldnt havetaken C.didnt takeD.hadnt taken课内练习及训练教学小结学生对于本次课的评价O特殊满足满足O一般O差老师签字:识3过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气如IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutil.我假如看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告知你了If Ihad got thereearlier,Iwould havemet Mr.Li.假如我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生
3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须留意的几个问题1当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用was代替were但在倒装虚拟结构及ifI wereyou,as itwere中,只能用were如Were Itenyears younger,Iwould studyabroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习If Iwereyou,Iwould trymy bestto graspthechance.要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会2有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区分对待
①从句的动作及过去事实相反,而主句的动作及现在或现在正在发生的事实不符如If Ihad workedhard atschool.1would bean engineer,too.假如我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了If theyhad informedus,we would not comehere now.假如他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了
②从句的动作及现在事实相反,而主句的动作及过去事实不符如If hewerefreetoday,we would have senthim to Beijing.假如他今日有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了firom If heknew her,hewould havegreeted her.要是他相识她的话,他确定会去问候她了
③从句的动作及过去发生的状况相反,而主句的动作及现在正在发生的状况相反如If ithad notbeen rainingtoo much,the cropswould begrowing muchbetter.假如天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好If hehad beenworking hard,he would be workingin theofficenow.要是他工作始终努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了3当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可省略,而将were,should,had等词置于句首如Shouldheagree togohere,wewould sendhimthere.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去Were shehere,she wouldagree withus.假如她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.假如她懂一些电脑学问的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作「from4有时,句子没有干脆给出假设状况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来推断如Iwould havecome toseeyou.but Iwas toobusy.我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了But forhishelp,we would beworking now.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢Without yourinstruction,I would not have made suchgreat progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步5有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种剧烈的感情
①省略从句Hewould have finished it.他本该完成了You could havepassed thisexam.你应当会通过这次考试了
②省略主句If Iwereat homenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊If onlyIhad gotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气I在forfearthat,incase,lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为should+动词原形并且should不能省略Sheexamined thedooragain forfear that athief shouldcomein.她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入Hestarted outearlier lestheshouldbe late.他很早就动身了以防迟到2在sothat,inorderthat所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为can/may/could/might/will/would/should+动词原形如fromHegoes closerto thespeakerso that he canhear himclearer.他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清晰Heread thelettercarefullyinorderthat heshouldnotmissaword.他把信读得很细致以便不漏掉一个单词
2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气1在even if,even though所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构及if所引导的条件从句结构相同如Even ifhewere here himself,heshouldnot knowwhatto do.即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办Nobody couldsavehim even though HuaTuoshouldcome here.刚好华佗再世也就不了他2在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matterwh-word等弓I导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为
①may+动词原形指现在或将来如Wewill finishitontimenomatterwhat/whatever mayhappen.不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成Wewill findhimwherever/nomatterwhere hemaybe.无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他Iwill waitfor himnomatterhowlate hemaycome,不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他
②may+完成式(指过去),主句结构不限如You mustntbe proudwhatever/no matterwhat greatprogress youmay havemade.不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能傲慢(from)We mustrespect himno matterwhat/whatever mistakeshe mayhavemade.不管他翻过什么错误,我们必需敬重他.
(3)在though,although等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为should+动词原形,主句结构不限如:Although/Though heshouldoften belate,he isagood student,尽管他常常迟到,他还是个好学生Although/Though heshouldbe secretary,he mustobeythe rules.尽管他是书记,他也必需遵守规定
3.方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if,as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气虚拟语气的结构为:表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had+过去分词及主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+原形动词例如Theybegantotalkwarmlyasifthey hadknowneachotherforlong.他们起先热情的谈论起来就似乎他们已相互相识很久了Hecoughed twiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.他咳嗽两声就似乎有人要来了
4.缘由状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气其虚拟语气的结构为
①should+原形动词(指现在或将来)如Hewas angrythat youshould callhim byname.他很生气,你竟然对他直呼其名Iwas astonishedthatheshouldnot answersuch aneasy question.我很惊异他竟答不出如此简洁的问题
②should+完成式,指过去如Im verysorry tha【you shouldhavefailed theexam.我很缺憾,你这次考试竟然失败了Iwas verysurprisedthat Fathershouldhaveknownwhat Ididyesterday.我很惊讶,父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from)
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.英语中,如I advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggCSl(建议)表示恳求、要求、吩咐或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,起虚拟语气的结构为(should)+原形动词如但是,当insist的意思为坚决认为,坚持说suggest的意思为表明,暗含,示意等时,宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气如Tominsisted thathehadnt stolenthewatch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表Hissmilesuggested thathe hadsucceededin thisexam,他的微笑表明他在考试中胜利了
2.believe,expect.suspect,think,imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语,其虚拟语气的结构为should+原形动词如Canyou believethat heshouldkill atiger你能信任他竟杀死了一只老虎?Can youimagine thatheshouldtake the first placein thelong jumpcontest你能想象得到他在跳远竞赛中竟获得了第一名?
3.英语中,wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不行能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气其虚拟语气的结构为(from)表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前lhad+过去分词;2would/could/might/should+have+过去分词及主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+原形动词例如Iwish IlearntEnglish well.我希望我已学好了英语Iwish Ihad been therewith themlast week.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿Hewishes wecould goand playgameswilh him.他希望我们能去•跟他做嬉戏
4.英语中,would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示及客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故运用虚拟语气起虚拟语气的结构为:表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had+过去分词现在过去时(be用were)将来过去时(be用were)例如:Id ratheryou hadseen(hefilm yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影rdrather youwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿Wed ratheryou wenthere tomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那儿
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中,表示“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为Itishigh/about timethat+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形如:It istimethat Iwent to pickupmy daughteral school.我该去学校接我的女儿了It ishigh timeyoushould goto work.你早该上班了七.简洁句中的虚拟语气
1.表示“祝福”时,常用“may+主语+动词原形+其他”如May youhave agoodjourney!祝你一路顺风May youryouth lastfor ever!祝你青春永驻
2.表示剧烈的“愿望”、“祝福”时,常用动词原形如Long livetheCommunistParty ofChina.中国共产党万岁Godbless us.上帝保佑5表示对过去状况的责怪时,常用虚拟语气其虚拟语气的结构为“情态动词+have+过去分词”Youshould havegot hereearlier.你应当早就到这里了Youshould havereturned ittohim.你应当把他还给他了专项练习
1.If therewere nosubjunctivemood,English mucheasier.A.willbe B.would havebeen C.could havebeen D.would be
2.If shehadworked harder,she.A.would succeedB.had succeededC.shouldsucceed D.would havesucceeded
3.—Ifhe,hethat food.一Luckilyhe wassent tothehospital immediately.A.was warned:would nottakeB.had been warned;would nothave takenC.would bewarned;had nottaken D.would havebeenwarned;had nottaken
4.If hemehistelephone numberyesterday,Iableto ringhim upnow.A.told;would beB.had told;would beC.had told;would havebeenD.told;am
5.If Iyou,I toAustraliawith Mr.Smith.A.had been;would goB.were;had goneC.were;would havegoneD.am;will go
6.Withoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferent today.A.isB.willbe C.would havebeenD.wouldbe
7.Ourmonitorwas absent.OtherwiseI thechair.A.wouldnottakeB.didnt takeC.hadnt takenD.wouldnt havetaken
8.—Theexperiment hasfailed!—Isuggest thatyou again.A.try B.trying C.willtry D.would try
9.His silenceat themeetingsuggested thathe toyour plan.A.didnt agreeB.hadnt agreedC.wouldnt agreeD.notagree
10.The fatherinsistedhis daughterarich man.A.would beengaged toB.beengagedtoC.shouldengage toD.must beengagedto
11.Sheinsisted thatsheillof himbehindhim,buthe didntbelieve.A.hadnt spokenB.shouldnt speakC.wouldnt speakD.not speak
12.—Istayed atahotel whileinNew York.—Oh,did youYou withBarbara.A.could havestayedB.could stayC.would stayD.musthave stayed
13.1was reallyanxious aboutyou.You homewithoutaword.A.mustnt leaveB.shouldnt haveleft C.couldnt haveleft D.neednt leave
14.There wasplenty oftime.She.A.mustnt havehurried B.neednt havehurried C.must nothurryD.couldnt havehurried
15.1wish Iyouyesterday.A.seen B.did seeC.had seen D.weretosee
16.If mylawyerhere lastSaturday,hemefrom going.A.had been;would haveprevented B.hadbeen;would preventC.were;would preventD.were;would haveprevented
17.Heyou morehelp,eventhoughhewas verybusy.A.might havegivenB.might giveC.may havegivenD.may give
18.If itfor thesnow,wethe mountainyesterday.A.were not;could haveclimbedB.were not;couldclimbC.had notbeen;could haveclimbed D.had notbeen;could climb
19.1told Sallyhowo getthere,but perhapsI forher.A.had towriteit outB.must havewrittenitoutC.shouldhave writtenitout D.ought towriteiout
20.1didnt seeyour sisteratthemeeting.If she,shewould havemet mybrother.A.has comeB.didcome C.came D.hadcome
21.Whena pencilis partlyin aglassofwater,it looksas ifit.A.breaks B.has brokenC.were brokenD.had beenbroken
22.You didntlet medrive.If weinturn,you sotired.A.drove;didnt getB.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt getD.had driven;wouldnt havegot
23.Shecouldnt haveansweredthequestion ifsheafewbooks onworldhislory.A.hadnt readB.hasnt readC.wouldn,t readD.didnt read
24.If itsohard,wed gototown.A.isnt rainingB.werent rainingC.doesnt rainD.has rained
25.Ourformer mathteacher diedofcancer lastterm,othenvisehe.A.willstillwork B.should stillworkC.would stillhaveworked D.would stillbeworking
26.Thesoldierdiedin thehospital.He ifthedoctoronhim twohours earlier.A.might besaved;operated B.couldbesaved;had operatedC.couldhave beensaved;had operatedD.had beensaved:was operated
27.Its timethatyou homeandId ratheryou againtomorrow.A.are going;will comeB.go;are comingC.went;cameD.would go;would come
28.1you amorevaluablepresent for your birthday,but Iwasshort ofmoneyat thattime.A.would buyB.had boughtC.would havebought D.musthave bought
29.Iwenttothemeeting yesterdaybecause Inothingabout thediscussionwithoutattending it.A.didnt knowB.would knowC.knew D.would haveknown
30.It wasrequired thateach studentenough foodforthepublic.A.bringB.brought C.would bringD.had brought
31.Hedidnt comeyesterday,oryouhim.A.would seeB.were toseeC.might haveseenD.had seen
32.It wassuggested yesterdaythatameeting iodiscuss thematter.A.willbe heldB.wouldbe held C.shouldholdD.beheld
33.Its strangethathe withoutsayinggood-bye tous.A.shouldhave goneout B.went C.should goout D.goes out
34.Nothingcouldhave savedhimeven ifhewithoutdelay.A.would betendedB.was tendedC.has beentendedD.had benended
35.Themanager wasangry andordered thatthis worktomorrow.A.befinished B.finish C.was finishedD.would finish
36.Heis talkingsomuch aboutBritain asifhethere.A.hadbeenB.has beenC.was D.had gone
37.Theyoung maninsisted thathenothing wrongand free.A.did;set B.had done;should besetC.do;beset D.had done;mustbe set
38.Mysuggestion wasthat themeetingoff tillnextweek.A.toputB.be putC.shouldputD.would beput
39.Had youlistened tothedoctor,you allright now.A.arc B.were C.would beD.wouldhavebeen
40.It isrequestedthat LiMingat theclassmeeting onbehalfofus.A.willspeak B.speaks C.would speakD.speak
41.—Ididnt catchthefirsttrain thismorning.—You thefirsttrain ifyouearlier.A.would catch;hadgot upB.could catch;should getupC.would havecaught;hadgot upD.would catch;gotup
42.You earlier.The busleft amomentago.A.would comeB.shouldhave comeC.must comeD.could havecome
43.Withoutyour help,we thistask.A.dont finishB.willnot finishC.didnt finishD.wouldnothavefinished
44.Mr.Fangspokeslowly inorder thatwehim.A.shouldfollow B.followC.might followD.followed
45.—Have youever beento HongKong—No,but IwishI.A.haveB.willC.do D.had
46.Whatshouldwe doifittomorrowA.should snowB.would snowC.snowD.willsnow
47.Hethe test,but hewasnt carefulenough.A.couldhavepassed B.were abletopassC.musthavepassed D.might beableto pass
48.If therenot theCommunistParty,we ahappylife.A.were:couldnt liveB.are;cant liveC.is;cant liveD.was;wouldnt live
49.But fortheleadership ofoutParty andGoveniment,we thesesplendidresults.A.have achievedB.couldnt haveachievedC.could haveachievedD.would achieve
50.一It wasthedrug,not thedisease,that killedtheboy.。