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专题九介词和介词短语◎高考感知
1.(2021•浙江高考,37)In1844they boughtit$1,200and someland fromCharles Dresser,who performedtheir marriageceremony in
1842.答案for句意1844年,他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯•德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯•德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼固定短语buy sthfor+价格,意为“以……价格买某物”故填for
2.(2020•全国卷I,65)The farside of the moonis ofparticular interestto scientistsbecauseit has a lotof deepcraters(环形山),more sothe familiarnear side.答案than句意月球的背面让科学家尤其感兴趣,因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山根据设空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”故填than
3.(2020•全国卷III,70)The artistwas finallyhumbled(谦卑)by thegreatest artistearth,Mother Nature.答案on句意这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家一一大自然母亲所折服结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on eartho故填on
4.(2020•新高考I卷,45)Museums mustcompete people,s sparetime andmoney withotheramusements.答案for句意博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱此处是固定短语compete for”为了竞争”故填for
5.(2019•全国卷HI,63)We werefirst greetedwith thebarking bya packdogs,seven tobeexact.答案of apack0f是固定搭配,意为“一群故填of
6.(2019•浙江高考,61)The answerthis questionis notclear.答案to the answer to...的答案”故填to
7.(2021•全国乙卷,短文改错)In myopinion,students canbenefit a lot doingsomehousework.答案doing前加from benefit from doing..为固定用法,意为“得益于”・故在doing前加from
8.(2021•全国甲卷,短文改错)Some willturn outto theirparents orteachers forhelp.去你们大学学习的机会apply for“申请”,故将apply后的to改成for
2.My unclesays thathe neverdreams becomingrich ina shortperiod oftime.答案dreams后加about/of dreamabout/of doing sth“梦想做某事”
3.The dictionaryis out-of-date:Many wordshave beenadded thelanguage sinceit waspublished.答案added后加to add...to...“把添加到.....”,为固定搭配
4.Many of the thingswe nowbenefit forwould notbe aroundbut forThomas Edison.答案第一个for-from句意如果没有托马斯•爱迪生的话,今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在benefitfrom“得益于”
①2my/theThe taxiknocked intoa cyclingboy whowas ridingacross acrossroads regardless
③A/OneA thered light.When thedriver realizedwhat washappening,theboywas already©oflying ontheground,bleed andcrying.Fortunately,an ambulancecame verysoon
⑤bleedingbut tookawaytheinjured boy.
⑥andThough theboy isto blamingfor theaccident,I thinkdrivers shoulddrive with
⑦blamemuch cautiouswheneverpassinganyintersections.However,which mattersmost§caut ion/cautiousness
⑨whatis thateveryonemustneverignorevarious trafficregulation.⑩regulations
1.去掉had考查动词的时态根据lastFriday可知,应用一般过去时,所以助动词had是多余的故去掉had
2.his-my/the考查代词或冠词句意:上星期五我在放学回家的路上目睹了一场交通事故on one,swayhome在某人回家的路上”句子主语是第一人称L故将his改为my;或者on thewayhome在回家的路上”为固定搭配,故将his改为the
3.The-A/One考查冠词或数词此处指“一辆出租车”,表示泛指,且taxi的发音以辅音音素开头,故将The改为A/One
4.regardless后加of考查介词句意一辆出租车撞上了一个不顾红灯骑车过十字路口的男孩regardless of不管,不顾”故在regardless后加of
5.bleedfbleeding考查非谓语动词此处作非谓语动词,应用现在分词与crying并列作伴随状语故将bleed改为bleedingo
6.but-and考查连词句意幸运的是,一辆救护车很快就来了,带走了受伤的男孩此处两个谓语动词表示的动作是顺承关系而非转折关系故将but改为ando
7.blaming-*^blame考查固定搭配be toblame for应该为某事负责任”故将blaming改为blame
8.cautious^caution/cautiousness考查名词介词with后应用名词故将cautious改为caution/cantiousnesso
9.which^what考查主语从句的连接词该句是主语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,且有实在的意义,指“……的事情”,所以应用what故将which改为what
10.regulation-regulations考查名词根据various可知,后面应用名词复数故将regulation改为regulationso答案去掉out句意有些人会向父母或老师求助turn to sb forhelp是固定搭配,意为“求助于某人故去掉out
9.2020•全国卷I,短文改错After thatI pouredoil intoa panand turnedoff thestove.答案offfon句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火根据I pouredoil intoa pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on
②I wonthave yousay anythingagainstmy teacher.beyondones controlbeyondsb beyonddescriptionbeyond超出……的范围,为……所不及beyondimagination beyondonesreach1J Adjustthe driversseat sothat allthe contnlsare withinreach.within在……之内;在……里面
②She hadgreat personalinfluence andpower overher followers.31don twant totalk aboulthis overthetelephone.acrossthe riveracrossthe streetacross从表面穿过;横穿(马路等)L Theshirt istoo tightacrossthe shoulder.
②A bigsmile spreadacrossher face.through从内部穿过;经历过walk throughthedoor throughthisa*tivityf Theyhad awonderful holiday,despitethe hadweather.despite尽管
②She wentto Spaindespitethe fact that herlx-tor hadtold herto rest.续表介词基本词义例子表示程度或增减的幅度;bythe hourjudging byknow sbbyname bybusIjWedefeated thevisiting teamby3goals.by按……来计算,依据;经由;乘2He wentout bythe backdoor.(交通工具)Ijl havea presentforyou.r给;对;为;为得到;对..
②I paid$3for theticket.for来说;达;向;对于;支持;表
③She looksyoung forherage.
④1set offforwork.示
⑤The questionsare toodifficult for10-year-okls.@We havestudied thearguments forand againstnuclear energy.
①Keep offthe grass!远离;从……上移开;在……海2/1here arealotof islandsoffthe coast.off
③You looktired.Why dontyou taketomorrow ofT岸;休息;减价
④If youbuy more than ten,they knock10%off.without没有;在没有……的情况下U ecouldnt havefinished thetask withoutyour timelyhelp.Iwsidr在……旁边Wendy cameup andsat besideme.:1She lookedin herbag,but herkeys werenot there.在……内;在(年、月、季节);
②‘Die stn*el isalxnit amile inlength.in在……方面;(将来)过(多久)
①She stoodup andwalked to/towards thewindow.朝向;对;达到;去做;对于towards
②Much toour surprise,she passedthe examwith distinction.从;从……开始;离……;来;1XXerv goingIo tellhim onhis birthday—dials twoweeks fromtNlay.
②Fromfrom自;根据what Ivrread,tlu*coinpany seemsto lwin difficulties.along沿着Walk alongthe street,and thenturn rightat thesecond crossing.lx,tweeii在(两者)之间A lotof studentsspend ayear abroadin betweenhigh schooland university.among在(三者或以上)之间The problemis cuusingwide-spread concernamong scientists.二常见的复合介词基本词义复合介词例句They dividedthemselves intothree groupsaccording toage.according to依据,根据……owing to因为Owing to their carelessness,a firebroke out.Dont beangry because of whathe said.He meantno harm.becauseof因为Thanks tomy teacher,s help,I gotthe firstprize in thethanks to多亏了……English SpeechContest.续表基本词义例句复合介词We hada delightfulweekend in the country.as for/to至于……As forthe traffic,we hadno difficulty.Mistakes dueto carelessnessmay havedueto由于serious consequences.Apart fromthe cost,the hatdoesn,t suitme.apart from除……以外除了……(整体与部Your writingis goodexcept fora fewgrammarexcept for分的关系)mistakes.Regardless ofwhat happens,my claimis saferegardlessof不管……and secure.But foryour textmessage,I wouldhave leftbutfor要不是……my IDat home.In spiteofthefactthatthe productisin spiteof尽管safe,many peoplestill refuseto buyit.Their recentprotest wascalled offonon account of因为accountoftightened security.Workers approachingretirement shouldbeas aresult of由于saving more,not less,asaresult oflowrates.Getting themto buyinto thesystem isnextnext to仅次于;紧挨着to impossible.Thankfully,in additionto changingmajors,in additionto除……以外,还有students canchange schools.My bossasked somuch ofme andI believedfar from远非……that myjob wasfarfromhis satisfaction.With hishelp,we finishedour taskahead ofaheadof在刖面time.三介词to的搭配
1.与名词常见搭配the solutionto theproblem问题的解决方法the keyto thedoor门的钥匙theanswerto thequestion问题的答案to thepoint切中要害,中肯to one,s taste合某人胃口to one,s surprise/joy/delight令某人吃惊/高兴的是approach to sth通往的路,学习的方法attitude to/towards对待的态度dance tomusic伴着音乐跳舞the entranceto的入口have/gain accessto有的机会
2.与动词常见搭配devote..to...把用于・adjust...to...调节以适应adapt...to...适应attach...to...把附在上object to反对look forwardto盼望pay attentionto注意get downto sth开始做某事;开始认真对待某事see to照料,处理owe sthtosb欠某人某物;把归功于/归因于make contributionsto为作出贡献be getused to习惯于prefer...to...宁愿而不belong to属于lead to通向,导致put anend to结束be upto从事,胜任point to指着stick to坚持hold onto抓住不放look upto尊敬,尊重compared to与相比be admittedto被录取live upto符合,达到,不辜负apply to利用,运用attend to处理,照顾;关照appeal to有吸引力;呼吁;上诉respond to应答
3.与形容词常见搭配be relatedto与有关be sensitiveto对敏感be similarto与相似be linkedto与有关be relevantto与相关be importantto对很重要be beneficialto对有益be equalto等于be familiarto对某人来说是熟悉的be blindto对视而不见be addictedto沉溺于四常用介词与形容词的搭配be consciousof意识至I」be fondof喜爱be awareof意识到;明白be strictwith sbin sth对某人某方面严格be worthyof值得;配得上be differentfrom与不同be absentfrom缺席be popularwith受到的欢迎be presentat出席be tiredof厌倦be busywith忙于be lostin迷失在be anxiousabout为担心be buriedin全神贯注于be ashamedof因而惭愧be absorbedin全神贯注于be suspiciousof,怀疑be familiarwith熟悉五介词in构成的常见短语in commonwith与样in theface of面对in timefor正好in dangerof处于危险中in defenceof为了保护in need/want of需要in consequenceof由于in favourof赞成in exchangefor交换in memoryof为了纪念in honourof为向表示敬意in praiseof为了赞美in charge of负责in thechargeof由负责in possession of拥有in thepossessionof由拥有in searchof为了寻找in touchwith和保持联系in preparationfor为做准备in placeof代替,而不是in thehope of希望in thecourse of在的过程中in thehabit of有的习惯in front of在的前面in thefrontof在的前部intheform of以的形式inthename of以的名义in relationto与相关in regardto关于/至于in returnfor作为的回报in termsof就而言in harmonywith与协调六其他介词短语短语词义例句More andmore high-rise因缺buildings havebeen builtin bigforlack of乏……cities forlack ofspace.I willlend youthe bookonon condition如果,条件condition thatyou returnitthat是(+句子)on Monday.With regardtotheparty on关于,至于July1st1shall hepleased towithregard toattend.短语词义例句On behalfof everyonehere,I代表on behalfofwish youa pleasantjourney backtoyour coun-tiy.The watermay becarried by凭借……by meansofmeans ofa pipe.In caseof fire,ring thealaiTn万一……in caseofbell.专项训练I.单句语法填空
1.Since mostof Antarcticrocks aredark incolor,they stand out thewhite backgroundandare easyto identifyand collect.答案against句意由于大多数南极岩石颜色较深,它们在白色背景的衬托下显得格外突出,易于识别和收集standoutagainst表示“在反衬下显得醒目”,故填against
2.The ideaof creatinga nationalpark wasfirst discussedinthe1940s,but peoplecouldn,t agreewhat sizeto makethe park.答案on agreeon是固定搭配,表示“对达成一致”
3.He wentto Shanghaian importantmeeting.答案for句意他去上海参加一个重要会议for在此处表示目的,其后习惯于接名词或代词
4.He brightenedthe livesof Americansand Britishthrough twoworld warsand thehard yearsbetween.答案in句意在一战和二战之间的艰苦岁月里,他给英美人民的生活增添了乐趣in between表示“在中间,当中,故填in
5.Bullied kidsface ahigh riskmental healthproblems.答案of句意受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题a riskof”……的风险”
6.She contributedmorethanany otherscientist solvingthe structureof DNA.答案to句意她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献,比任何一位科学家都大contribute.・・tosth/doingsth为某事/做某事作出贡献”,to为介词,后跟名词或动名词作宾语
7.Last yearwas the warmest year on record,with globaltemperature
0.68average.答案above句意去年是有记载以来最暖和的一年,全球气温高于平均气温
0.68度根据语境thewarmestyearonrecord可知是比平均气温高
0.68度above average意为“高于平均值”
8.In India,for example,most peopletraditionally eattheir hands.答案with句意在印度,大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭with+人体部位或工具,表示“用……(工具)”
9..This meetingroom isa non-smoking area;I wouldlike towarn youadvance thatif yousmokedhere youwould befined.答案in句意这个会议室是禁烟区我想提前告诫你,如果你吸烟会被罚款的in advance预先;提前,固定搭配
10.Have youever heardofthetrees thatare homesanimals bothon landand sea答案to句意你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地,又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗?be hometo...“是的家园或栖息地”
11.单句改错
1.As aChinese highschool studentto graduatethis year,I sincerelyapply toa chancetostudy inyour university.答案apply后的tof for句意:作为一名今年即将毕业的中国高中生,我真诚地申请。