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小升初名词专项
一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西
二、分类一名词分类专有名词个体名词可数名词(普通名词所表示的普通名词集体名词人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词)物质名词不可数名词(普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,抽象名词事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词)
二、名词的数不可数名词没有复数形式可数名词有单数和复数之分,单数变复数形式变化规则如下
1.一般的名词词尾直接加-S如(书)book—books(年冈笔)pen——pens(肉子)house—houses(天,日子)day—days
2.以s,ch,sh,x结尾的名词,在词尾加-es如(公交车)bus—buses(玻璃)glass—glasses(手表)watch一watches(盘,石茱)dish一dishes(盒子)box一boxes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加小如(城市)city-cities(身子,身体)body一bodies(工厂)factory—factories等等(典型例子“元音字母+y”的名词直接+s boy—boys)4以f或fe结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再力P-es如half一halves leaf一leaves knife一knives wife—wives
5.以结尾的名词分两种情况a.有生命的+es如(土豆有生命)potato—potatoes(西红柿有生命)tomato—tomatoes b无生命的+s女口(照片无生命)photo—photos(钢琴无生命)piano—piano
1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词女口John isa studentstude nt是普通名词,Joh n是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词
3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物名词复数的构成法、+读日构成法例词在词尾加-S
1.在清辅音后发/s/
1.desk-desks/s/
2.
2.boy-boys/z/在浊辅音和兀音后发/z在词末加-es/
1.glass-glasses/iz/classclasses/1以”x,s,ch,sh”等结iz/-e s读作/iz/尾的名词后加-es
2.orange-oranges/iz/horse-
2.以e结尾,直接加-s horses/iz/-ves读作/vz/如以f,fe结尾,则去f,fe力□-ves knife-knives/vz/wife一wives/vz/一ies读作/iz/baby-babies/iz/party-以辅音字母加y结尾,则去y加Tes parties/iz/冬天有很多的雪和冰There istoo muchsnow andice.琳达有很多书Linda hasa lotof books.翻译瓶子里有一些豆奶soybean[5sCi bi:n]milk杯子里有茶吗?桌子上有很多菠萝和葡萄Daisy有很多笔记本notebook
②用a piecebottle,glass…这f定语表示例如a pieceof paper一张纸a pieceof bread一片面包a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁a glassof milk一杯牛奶翻译一条新闻news:____________________________一个意见advice[Ed5vals]:一块蛋糕_____________________________一瓶墨水ink:________________________如果要表示两杯茶“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如two cups of tea两杯茶four piecesof paper四弓长必氏threeglasses of water三杯水翻译两瓶果汁________三张纸___________________________四杯水___________________________5>练习题选择题
①-would youlike something todrink,Tara-Yes,Id skjmeA.san dwichesB.hot dogs C.water D.bread
②The littlebaby hastwo already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths3Help yourselfto.A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken D.any chicken
④The teachershave twoto livein.A.woma n;room B.wome n;rooms C.woma n;rooms D.wome n;room
⑤They arevery thirsty.Will youplease givethemA.some bottlesof waters C.some bottleof waterB.some bottlesofwaterD.any bottleof milk将下列词组译成英语
①两箱书
②四篮子鸡蛋______________
③三副眼镜________________
④女医生们______________
⑤一条裤子______________
⑥两杯牛奶______________
⑦十滴红墨水drop,ink
⑧一组队员
⑨一块蛋糕________________⑩两排大树________________以辅音字母加结尾,则加读作/O-es z/potato-potatoes/z/tomato-一es但tomatoes/z/radio,photo,则直接加piano,-s大显身手写出下列各单词的复数形式
1.glass
2.family
3.wolf
4.country
5.radio
6.photo
7.fox
8.fridge
9.bus
10.box
11.watch
12.brush
13.policeman
14.farm
15.fish
16.sandwich
17.apple
18.foot
19.ruler
20.tooth二画横线,选出下列正确的单词或词组
1.Do youdrink muchmilk,milks
2.I visitedJim,JimS houseyesterday.
3.This is Tom andMary,sToms andMaryhouse.
4.He hadtwocup,cupsoftea.
5.Thosebooks,bookare on the desk.
6.Look atthisboy,boys.
7.Thatdogs,dog ismine.
8.Would youlike somebananas,banana
9.The spermwhale has50tooth,teeth.
10.Theseshoes,shoe arevery nice.三.选择填空
1.This isroom.A.Jack andLucy B.Jack andLucysC.Jacks andLucy D.s Jacks andLucy
2.She isa good.*sC.Her mothers123B・brotherD.A-student B.studentsC-boy3JwanttwoD.boysA.pencil-box
4.B-pencil-boxesC.pencils-boxHow manydoyou haveD.pencils-boxesA.friend B.friendsC.frien des
5.These areJudysD.friendsB.fishesA-fishC.fishs
6.Look atthose*D.fishsA.child B.childsC.children
7.He hastwo big*D・childre nsA・eye8・He B・eyesC.eyeesis Jeff_sD.eye sA・brothers C・brotheres一
9.—is thispen ItsWang Fang*s D.brothersA.Whos B.WhoseC.Where1This isa boy.__________________________________________________________
10.birthday isSeptember5th.2Do youhave anewrubber________________________________________________________________________将下列表A.Her motherB.her mother3There isone apple示单数的句子改成复数的句子in myhand.__________________________________________________________________________D.WhichHer mother
4.That isher watch._________________________________________________________
5.She hasa cameraand umbrella.
6.There isa planein thesky.______________________________________________________五.圈出句子中的错误并改正
1.1don liktorangejuices.It issour.
2.There isan old books inmy bag.
3.Bananas ismy favoritefruit.
4.They goto schoolon feet.
5.There aremany photoesof myfamily.六.连词成句
1.teacher isstrong Myand tall.teacher Thisscie
2.is newour.nee
3.there bedroomsHow aremany
4.lake Thejumpedthe doginto.
5.is Whatyour hobby5七.阅读理解Tom isseven.He goesto schoolevery day.The schoolis nearhis home,so he goes thereon footandcomes back按时home ontime.But todciyhe islate.His motherasks him“Why areyou latetoday校长办公室.”I amin theheadmaster c“Why doyou goto theheadmaster*s office没人“Because myteacher asksus aquestion in the classNobody can answer it,but Ican.”It isgood toanswerthe teacher.s question“But the question iswho putsink onmy chair.v根据短内容,回答问题
1.Is Toms homefao mhis school
2.How doeshegoto school
3.Does Tomofte ncome backhome late
4.Only Tomcananswerthequestion,can*the
5.Is itgood forTom todo it.名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,不可数名词没有单复数,一律看作单数
(1)例如等food,meat bread,tea,water,milk,ink,oran ge,drink,rice,fish.可数名词的单数前什么时候用什么时候用
(2)Q,on答以元音音标(或音素)开头的用on,以辅音音标(或音素)开头的用5注意我们看的是音标(或音素),而不是兀音字母1>选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)pen bagapple bigapplebanana orangeA[ei]U[ju:]H[eitF]R[a:]B[bi:]M[em]E_chickoran gesorange penwater小时房子hour[hciuE]house[hous]child childre n雨平umbrella[Qm5brelE]计大学un iversy[7ju:ni5vE:siti]2>用o/on填空©That isID card.
①Is itChin esebookor En glish book@1lost mykeys.It qset ofkeys.2This isring,and itis orangering.®lt sapple,not_pear.
③Mciry isEnglish teacher.Tom isChinese©This ispeach.Thatsorange.teacher.⑩You have_ba nana,but I have_egg.4This isbike.It!s oldbike.
⑤This istelepho nenu mber.用填空:Q/cin
①Is there_umbrella onthe desk©There isarmchair[a:mtFeEr]in theliving room.
②There isJsla ndin thesea.
⑦I*d likeegg.
⑧Look,there isbird in the tree.
③There is.picture onthe card.©Is there_map onthe wall
④Ihave_oldbook.⑩There isben ch[be ntF]in thepark.5_apple isa kindof fruit..可数名词的变化规则3一般规则1>一般在词尾加s,如books,bags,fruits力口s之后的读音规则o
①清清浊浊,即清辅音后读清辅音⑸,如books[buks]
②浊辅音后读浊辅音女[z],□bogs[bAgz]
③元音音标后面读如[z],boys[bRiz]后读后读
④t[ts],d[dz]女□:请写出下列名词复数加后的读音cats[kAts]birds[bE:dz]s例boats[]birds[]bears[]rabbits[]pens[]ducks[]cards[]flowers.[]dogs[]chicks[]2>以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,读[iz]女口公交车bus-buses[5bQsiz]盒子box——boxes[5bRksiz]手表watch——watches[5wRtFiz]刷子brush——brushes[5brQFiz]写出下列名词的复数并写出所加或后的音标s esglass[]match[]wish[------]3以辅音字田加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es,读[iz];以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s如babybabies[5beibiz]婴儿写出下列名词的复数butterfly—sky—一boy-toy4以4fe结尾的名词变4fe为ves,读[vz]如wolf[wulf]狼wolves[]写出下列名词的复数(妻子)一(生命)一wife life(小刀)一knife5>以结尾的名词加es的有h㊀ro[5hi]英雄Nigro[5nigrEu]黑人tomato[tE mei西红楠potato[pE,te土豆,其他的以结尾的名词直接在词尾加s女口zoo-zoos photophotos
(4)名词复数的不规则变鹅goose[gu:s]—geese[gi:z]mouse[maus]—mice化砾粕不削钢晶心]—wome n[5wimi n]女人[mais]老鼠牙齿tooth[tu:W]—teeth孩子child[tFaild]—children[5tFildrE n]脚,英尺foot[fut]—feet
(5)单复同形的名词有鹿deer[diE]中国人Chinese[5tFoini:z]鱼fish[fiF]日本人Japanese[7dVApE5ni:z]绵羊sheep[Fi:p]注意
①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如fish threefish.
②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如,各种各样的鱼all kinds[kaindz]of fishes
③当鱼肉讲时,不可数
(6)名词修饰名词时的复数情况一个男老师两个男老师a manteacher twcrm^nfeachers一个女老师a womanteacher两个女老师two womenteachers只有当和修饰名词时,前后两个名词都变复数其他的名词修饰名词,只把最后的名词变为复数mon Womcin如一个女学生两个女学生翻译a girl student twogirlstudents两个男工人_________________5只鹏一两个女工人_________________5英尺一颗牙齿两个小孩__________________6个女人63个中国人_________________只脚-73条鱼_____________________个男人74只绵羊___________________只鹿4写出下列句子的复数句子1This ismy friend.2That ishis brother.3Is thisyour sister4Is thather cousin5Whats thisr-;6This isan appletree.7Itisonold backpack.fish—chick-一pencil boxchurch写出下列单词的复数形式bird.chick—toy——mo donkey—nkey一baby一canfamily—dy—potat一Jtomato选择填o—空降落If sautum n[C:tEm]are foilingdown fromtreeszA.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.leavesThere arefive under thetree.
②sheep B.sheepes C.ships D.sheepsA.-What arethese inEnglish-are stamps.[stAmp]
③A.They B.It C.Those7不可数名词的用法1>不可数名词前面不能用a,on来修饰,但可以与the连用,表示特指》不可数名词不能和具体的数词,,…等)连用2(on㊀two,thr㊀㊀3>不可数名词不能用指示代词this,thcit,these,thos㊀来修饰,但可以用some,much来修饰例如some orange一些橘汁much许多水wo ter常用的不可数名词有三类,
①液体(水)(咖啡)(果汁)等,例如:waiter coffeejuice一瓶果汁a cupof waterabottleofjuice翻译一杯咖啡___________________________一瓶牛奶___________________________一杯茶_____________________________
②肉类肉类,牛肉,「猪肉,羊肉等注意肉类中为鸡肉时不meat beef[bi:f]po k[pC:k]mutton[mQtn]chicken可数,为小鸡时可数(keepchicken养鸡)
③固定用法:面包;大米,米饭;草;当“玻璃”讲不可数头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时,或满头黑bread ricegross gloss,hoir发中的几根白发时可数weother[5weTE(r)]天气;fun有趣的事或人;odvice[Ed5vQlz;]建议;information[InfE信息,情报melFEn]翻译给我一些面包____________________________________________我喜欢吃米饭__________________________________________勿踏草坪(wcilk,onthegrass):_____________________________我们度假时天气真好(on holiday)玩的高兴给Som一些建议吧___________________________________好的/坏的消息_________________________________4>不可数名词量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:用等表示多少例如:much,a little,a lotof/lots of,some,any瓶子里有一些牛奶There issome milkinthebeetle.杯子里有水吗Is thereany waterintheglass。