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虚拟语气【概念】虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实♦if引导的虚拟语气1He got up lateand hedidnt catchthe firstbus.If hehad「otupearlier,he could have caughtthe firstbus.2I dont have enoughmoney,so Icannot afford the house.If Ihad enoughmoney,I couldaffordthehouse.If Iwere you,I wouldborrow somemoney andbuy asmall apartment.3I wantto fly to the moon andtake photoswith Changeone day.If Iflied to the moon one day,I wouldtake photoswith Change.If Iwere toflyto themoonone dcy,I wouldtake photoswith Chang/e.If Ishould flytothemoononeday,I wouldtake photoswith Change.【总结】If虚拟条件句主句与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反【特殊用法-倒装】if引导的虚拟条件句中,若有were,had,should时,可以把if省略,JE were,had,should放在句首请改写上面例句中的划线的句子【特殊用法】
1.混合时间/错综时间虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整,称为混合时间/错综时间虚拟条件句eg.If youhad listenedtothedoctor,you would be allright now.If Iwere you,I would have senthim to hospital yesterday.
2.含蓄条件句有时由于表达的需要,虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而是用介词短语,上下文或其他方式表现出来eg.Without air,there wouldbe noliving things.=IfBut foryour help,I couldnthave doneit.要是没有你的帮助,我就不能完成它=lfI wasbusy thatday.Otherwise I would havegone therewith him.我那天很忙,否贝I」我就和他一起去那儿了=lfI would have finishedthe work,but Ihave beenill.我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了.=lf
1.Without yourhelp,Ipass yesterdaysexam.
2.But forthe storm,wearriveearlier.
3.1couldnt rememberher name,or Iintroduceherto you.
4.-Why didn/t youcome yesterday-!come,but Ibereally busy.虚拟语气的其他用法♦♦在动词wish后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气1表示对现在情况的虚拟从句动词用______________________________________________________2表示对过去情况的虚拟从句动词用________________________________________________________3表示对将来情况的虚拟从句动词用Ex.I wish Iknow theanswer tothe questionnow.I wishInot spendso muchmoney.I wishitstop raining,但愿雨能停止♦
2.if only要是/如果......就好了if only句中用虚拟语气,动词形式同wish,主句常省略练习
1.如果昨天我遇到你就好了_______________________________________________________
2.要是我将很有钱就好了______________________________________________________
3.要是我没有丢了钱就好了____________________________________________________[比较】only if表示____________________________________________________________________只有/只要你经常锻炼,你就会健康____________________________________________♦
3.as if或as though引导的状语从句有时也用虚拟语气,动词形式同wishEx.He treatedme as if Ibe a stranger.She talkedabout thefilm as if sheseeit.He openedhis mouthasif hesay something.【注】如果表示的事情可能会发生,从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气eg.He sitsthere asifheis thinkingaboutsomething.It looksasifit isgoing torain♦
4.would rather+从句,从句中用虚拟语气1表示现在或将来的愿望,从句动词用_____________________________________________________2表示过去的愿望,从句动词用____________________________________________________________Ex.I wouldrather yougoback tomorrow/now.Iwouldrather Inotmeet youbefore.
5.表示建议、要求、命令等动词所在的主语、宾语从句及其相应的名词所在的表语、同位语从句中,需要用虚拟语气动词的形式为这类动词常见的有坚持命令建议要求__________eg.It issuggested that the boy should be sent tohospital immediately.从句He suggested thatthe boyshould besent tohospital immediately.从句His suggestionis thatthe boyshould besent tohospital immediately.从句I agreeto hissuggestion thattheboyshould besenttohospitalimmediately.从句【注]insist________________________________________________________s uggest________________________________________________________eg.He insistedthat hehadnt stolenthe moneyand thathe shouldbe setfree.His expressionsuggestedthathe wasntsatisfied withthe result.♦
6.在“It ishigh timethat…该做……〃句型中,从句用虚拟语气动词的形式为12eg.Its hightime wedid/should doour homework.♦
7.在It isimportant/necessary/strange/natural...that…句型中,从句用虚拟语气,动词形式为shoulddo eg.Its importantthat weshould workhard.It isstrange thathe shouldbe sorude.♦
8.情态动词的完成时态可表虚拟should have done shouldnthave doneneednt havedone couldhavedonemight havedone【高考题】
1.【2019•江苏】
31.What apity!You missedthe sightseeing,or wea goodtime together.A.had B.will haveC.wouldhave had D.had had
2.【2019•天津】
14.The workerswere notbetter organized,otherwise theythe taskinhalf thetime.A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplishD.would haveaccomplished
3.【2018,北京】
13.They mighthave founda betterhotel ifthey afew morekilometers.A.drove B.would driveC.were todrive D.had driven
4.12018•天津
15.If wethe flightyesterday,we wouldbe enjoyingour holidayonthe beachA.had caughtB.caught C.have caughtD.would catch
5.12018•天津]
10.1cant findmy purse.I itin thesupermarket yesterday,but Imnotsure.A.should leaveB.must haveleft C.might leaveD.couldhaveleft
6.[2018•江苏]
27.There isa goodsocial lifein thevillage,and I wishIa secondchanceto becomemore involved.A.had B.will haveC.wouldhavehad D.havehad
7.【2018■江苏】
24.Its strangethat hehavetaken thebooks withoutthe ownerspermission.A.would B.should C.could D.might
8.12017・1匕京卷】
34.If thenew safetysystem touse,the accidentwould neverhavehappened.A.had beenput B.were putC.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput
9.12017•江苏卷】
22.not forthe supportof theteachers,the studentcould notovercome herdifficulty.A.It wereB.Were itC.It wasD.Was it
10.【2017天津卷】
15.—Do youhave Bettysphone number・—Yes.Otherwise,I ableto reachher yesterday.A.hadnt beenB.wouldnt havebeen C.werent D.wouldnt be
1.【2015北京卷】Without hiswartime experiences,Hemingwaywritehis famousnovel AFarewell toArms.
2.【2015北京卷】If Iseeit withmy owneyes,I wouldnthavebelieved it.
3.[2015陕西卷】Ellen isa fantasticdancer.IwishIdance aswell asher.
4.[2015天津卷】.l wishIbe atmy sister,s weddinglast Tuesday,but I was ona businesstrip inNewYork then.
5.Iwaswearing aseatbelt.If Ihadn tbeen wearingone,I injure.
6.Had thegovernments andscientists notworked together,AIDS-related deathsfall sincetheirhighest in
2005.改错
1.2018全国II卷As thekid,I lovedto watchcartoons,but nomatter howmany timesI askedtowatching them,my parentswould notto letme.
2.【2016•全国新课标II]Some classmatessuggest wecan goto placesof interestnearby.
3.He mustntbeabasketball player,because heis muchtoo short.
4.Roberts newbook aboutspace explorationis fantastic.You simplycould readit.
5.Has helearnt aboutcomputer,we wouldhave hiredhim towork here.。