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高中英语选必一词汇用法知识点unitl
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的(crucial);充满生机的be vitalfor/to sth对极其重要be ofvital importanceto...对至关重要It isvital that sb(should)do sth某人做某事是极其重要的It isvital to do...做很重要eg.Faced withsuch avital problemof lifeand death,he stillkept calm,which madeusall surprised.(人物描写)面对着这样重大的生死问题,他仍保持冷静,这使我们都很吃惊
2.commit vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)•commit mistakes/a crime犯错误/犯罪commit oneselfto sth/doing sth/do sth专心致志于;承诺;保证(做某事、遵循协议或安排等)commit sth(time/money)to(doing)sth投入时间/金钱(做)某事•committedadj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的be committedto(doing)sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事•commitmentn.承诺,保证;花费;投入,忠于eg.I stronglysuggest thatyou(should)commit onehour toreading English,whichwill graduallyimprove yourspoken English.(建议信)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语,这将逐渐提高你的英语口语
3.objective n.目标;目的(aim,purpose)adj.客观的【联想】发表“观点态度”
①subjective adj.主观的
②neutral adj.中立的
③indifferent adj.漠不关心的©unconcerned adj.漠不关心的
4.evaluate vt.评价;评估;估计•evaluate sbon...根据评价某人•evaluationn.估计,评价make anevaluation of...对进彳亍讨以估eg.It iswidely acknowledged that studentsshould beevaluated interms ofoverallqualities.(建议信)J们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生
5.property n.性质;特征;财产[联想]“财富,财产”相关名词小聚
①fortune
②treasure
③wealth©possessions©belongings
6.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行obtain knowledge获得知识obtain ones degree获得学位obtain ascholarship获得奖学金【同义】get,acquire,gain
8.defeat n.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜•suffer adefeat遭受失败accept/acknowledge defeat接受/承认失败•defeat anenemy打败敌人be defeated被打败eg.We hadnt made a fullpreparation;thatswhy wesuffered adefeat.(学校生活)我们没有做充分的准备,这就是我们遭受失败的原因
9.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然(obviously/evidently)•As isapparently shownin thepicture/passage above..•正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样……•apparentadj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的It isapparent(to sb)that.(对某人来说)显然・・eg.Apparently,he has made full preparations for the interview.—It isapparent thathehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.显然,他为这次面试做了充分的准备
10.insist vt.vi.坚持;坚决要求
(1)insist(坚决要求/主张)that...,从句用虚拟语气;
(2)“insist(坚持说/认为)that...,从句用陈述语气;
(3)“insist on/upon(doing)sth意为“坚持(做)某事”【联想】词根-sist的单词集锦
①consist vi.由组成
②assist v.协助
③resist v.抵抗
④persist vt.坚持
11.conclusion n•结论;推论•come to/reach/arrive at/draw aconclusion得出结论in conclusion总而言之jump toconclusions匆忙下结论•concludevt.vi.结束;推断出;达成;缔结concludeconclude sth以结束eg.In conclusion,I likeeverything inspring,especially thefeelings ofbeing bathedin the rain and sunshine.(季节描写)总之,我喜欢春天的一切,尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉
12.flee vi.vt.迅速离开;逃跑【联想】ABB型不规则动词
①flee—fled—fled
②bend-bent-bent
③lend-lent flent
④meet-met fmet(Dunderstand-understood^under stood
⑥th inkfthought-thought
13.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况under/in nocircumstances绝不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装)if circumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许under/in thecircumstances在这种情况下eg.Furthermore,under nocircumstancesis punishmenta wisechoice tohelp themgrowup mentallyand physically.另外,惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择
14.novelist n.小说家【联想】词缀-ist表示“从事……的人”:
①art-artist艺术家
②sciencef scientist科学家
③journalf journalist新闻工作者
④economy—economist经济学家
⑤piano-pianist专冈琴家
⑥physicsf physicist物理学家
15.consequence n.结果;后果•as aconsequence因此;结果as aconsequence of由于的缘故•consequentadj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequentlyadv.因止匕;结果eg.I didnt keepmy promise.As aconsequence,he doesnt keep in touch with meanylonger.我没有遵守我的诺言结果,他不再和我联系了
16.take up a position担任;任职take up接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)take off脱掉;起飞;成名;开始成功take in接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗take on雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担take over接管;接收eg.He hasmade uphis mindto takeupaposition asa doctorin thefuture.(人物介绍)他已下定决心将来当一名医生
17.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的•be remarkablefor因引人注目•remarkn.谈论;评论v.谈论;评论remark on/upon••谈论/评论・remark that...谈到/说起make aremark/remarks on/upon...对发表评论/看法•remarkablyadv.显著地;非常地eg.The teachermadearemark onmy essay,adding thatit waswell written,which mademeproud.(演讲稿)老师评论我的文章写得很好,这让我很自豪
18.sum vi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和sum up总结;概括a largesum of一大笔;大量的【联想】“总而言之”的表达to sumup,in conclusion,in short,in brief,inaword,all inallunit
219.persuade vt.劝说;说服(convince)•persuade sbto do sth/into doing sth说服某人做某事persuade sbnot to do sth/out ofdoing sth说服某人不做某事persuade sbof sth/persuade sbthat...使某人相信•persuasionn.劝说;说服•persuasiveadj.有说服力的eg.(2020•新高考卷I读后续写)I managedto persuadehim toapprove of my planto sellpopcornfrom doorto door.我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划
20.switch vt.转换;交换vi.vt.(使)改变;转变n.开关;转换器;改变eg.(2020•浙江7月卷)In Bellevue,the switchto adaptivesignals hasbeen alessonin thevalue ofwelcoming newapproaches.在贝尔维尤,转向可调节式交通信号灯是积极尝试新方法价值的一课There isa switchon thewall forturning onthe lights.墙上有一个开电灯的开关All mobilephones mustbe switchedoffduring lessons.(学校生活)上课期间必须关闭所有手机He startedstudying historybut thenswitched overto architecture.他开始学习历史,但后来转向建筑
21.instant n.瞬间;片刻adj,立即的;速食的;速溶的•in aninstant=instantly立亥!J;马上for aninstant一瞬间•the instant=instantly就【联想】表示“一……就……=引导时间状语从句的连词还有immediately,as soonas,directly,the moment,the minute,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...
22.command n.指令;命令;控制;(尤指对语言的)掌握;运用能力vt.命令;控制•at ones command受某人支配take command of控制have agood commandof掌握;精通under thecommandof在的指挥下•command sbto do sth命令某人做某事command that...(should)do sth命令做某事eg.I amwriting toapply tobe yourteaching assistant,because notonly doI haveagood commandofEnglish butalso Iam goodat communicatingwith others.(申请信)我写信申请成为您的助教,因为我不仅精通英语,而且善于和其他人交流
23.obey vi.vt.服从;遵守•obey thetraffic rules遵守交通规则•disobeyvt.vi.不服从;违抗【联想】dis-否定前缀高频词集锦
①agreef disagreevi.不同意
②likef dislikevt.不喜欢
③appear-disappearvi.消失
④trust—distrustvt.不信任
24.warning n.警告;警示;先兆•without warning不预先通知;突然地•wamv.提醒注意;劝告;警告;告诫warn sb(not)todosth警告某人(不要)做某事warn sbagainst doingsth警告某人不要做某事eg.The teacherwarned usnot tocarrymobile phones into the examination room.fThe teacherwarned usagainst carryingmobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.(学校生活)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场
25.potential adj.可能的;潜在的n.潜力;可能性•the potentialfor(doing)sth(做)某事的可能性/潜力have thepotential todosth有潜力做某事achieve/realize one,s potential发挥某人的潜能•potentiallyadv.可能地,潜在地eg.As ateacher,I trymy bestto encouragemy studentsto realizetheir fullpotential.(演讲稿)作为一名老师,我努力鼓励学生发挥他们的最大潜力
26.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的•be relevantto..•和有关relevant experience相关工作经验•relevantlyadv.有关地;切题地【联想】“与……相关/有关”的表达小结
①be relatedto
②be linkedto
③have sthtodowith
④be connectedwitheg.You canwrite anythingrelevant solong asit sinteresting andinformative.只要它是有趣的且信息丰富,你可以写任何相关的东西
27.catch fire着火•make afire生火light/start afire点火put outthe fire扑灭火set fireto sth=set sthon fire纵火烧•be onfire着火(表状态)eg.When hearrived,he foundthe housewasstill onfire.他到的时候,发现那幢房子还在燃烧
28.nevertheless adv.尽管如此;不过;然而【联想】由“然而,但是想到的
①but conj.但是
②however adv.然而,可是
③yet conj.但是,还
④though adv.不过,然而
29.combine vt.vi.(使)结合;混合•combine with...与结合combine...with/and...把与结合起来•combinationn.结合;联合;化合(物)in combinationwith...与联合起来[联想]有“分”也有“合”
①associate联合
②unite联合
③separate使分离
④divide分开
30.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠•oppose sth/doingsth反对(做)某事•opposedadj.反对的;对立的be opposedto(doing)sth反对(做)某事【同义】©disagree with
②be against
③object to
④hold negativeattitudes towardseg.With allofmyfriends opposedto myplan,I couldn,t resistsobbing sadly.(悲伤心理描写)我所有的朋友都反对我的计划,我忍不住伤心地哭了
31.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席•in one,s absence某人不在时intheabsence of不在;缺少•absentadj.缺席的;心不在焉的be absentfrom不参加;缺席eg.My teachersand classmateshelped mewith thelessons aftermy longabsence fromschool.(感谢信)很长时间没有上学后,我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课【反义】presence
33.keepintouch(with)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)(表示动作)•stay/be intouch with与保持联系(状态)•lose touchwith与失去联系(动作)be outof touchwith与失去联系(状态)•get intouchwith与取得联系(动作)eg.Keeping intouch withourfriends isan importantpart offriendship.(人际关系)和朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分
34.resist vi.vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡•resist sb/sth抵抗/抵制某人/某物resist doingsth反对做某事can t resist doingsth忍不住做某事•resistancen.抵制;反对;抵抗resistance tosth反对某事•resistantadj,抵抗的;有抵抗力的be resistantto对有抵抗力;抵制eg.As thecoat wasa bargainat sucha lowprice,I couldntresistthe temptationtobuy it.(心理活动)因为这件外套售价实在便宜,我抵不住诱惑买了下来。