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高中英语选必一词汇用法知识点unitl
1.vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的（crucial）；充满生机的be vitalfor/to sth对极其重要be ofvital importanceto...对至关重要It isvital that sb（should）do sth某人做某事是极其重要的It isvital to do...做很重要eg.Faced withsuch avital problemof lifeand death,he stillkept calm,which madeusall surprised.（人物描写）面对着这样重大的生死问题，他仍保持冷静，这使我们都很吃惊
2.commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）•commit mistakes/a crime犯错误/犯罪commit oneselfto sth/doing sth/do sth专心致志于；承诺；保证（做某事、遵循协议或安排等）commit sth（time/money）to（doing）sth投入时间/金钱（做）某事•committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的be committedto（doing）sth承诺/全身心地投入（做）某事•commitmentn.承诺，保证；花费；投入，忠于eg.I stronglysuggest thatyou（should）commit onehour toreading English,whichwill graduallyimprove yourspoken English.（建议信）我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语
3.objective n.目标；目的（aim,purpose）adj.客观的【联想】发表“观点态度”
①subjective adj.主观的
②neutral adj.中立的
③indifferent adj.漠不关心的©unconcerned adj.漠不关心的
4.evaluate vt.评价；评估；估计•evaluate sbon...根据评价某人•evaluationn.估计，评价make anevaluation of...对进彳亍讨以估eg.It iswidely acknowledged that studentsshould beevaluated interms ofoverallqualities.（建议信）J们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生
5.property n.性质；特征；财产［联想］“财富，财产”相关名词小聚
①fortune
②treasure
③wealth©possessions©belongings
6.obtain vt.（尤指经努力）获得;赢得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行obtain knowledge获得知识obtain ones degree获得学位obtain ascholarship获得奖学金【同义】get,acquire,gain
8.defeat n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜•suffer adefeat遭受失败accept/acknowledge defeat接受/承认失败•defeat anenemy打败敌人be defeated被打败eg.We hadnt made a fullpreparation;thatswhy wesuffered adefeat.（学校生活）我们没有做充分的准备，这就是我们遭受失败的原因
9.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然（obviously/evidently）•As isapparently shownin thepicture/passage above..•正如上面图画/文中所明显展示的那样……•apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It isapparent（to sb）that.（对某人来说）显然・・eg.Apparently,he has made full preparations for the interview.—It isapparent thathehasmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview.显然，他为这次面试做了充分的准备
10.insist vt.vi.坚持；坚决要求
（1）insist（坚决要求/主张）that...,从句用虚拟语气;
（2）“insist（坚持说/认为）that...,从句用陈述语气；
（3）“insist on/upon（doing）sth意为“坚持（做）某事”【联想】词根-sist的单词集锦
①consist vi.由组成
②assist v.协助
③resist v.抵抗
④persist vt.坚持
11.conclusion n•结论;推论•come to/reach/arrive at/draw aconclusion得出结论in conclusion总而言之jump toconclusions匆忙下结论•concludevt.vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结concludeconclude sth以结束eg.In conclusion,I likeeverything inspring,especially thefeelings ofbeing bathedin the rain and sunshine.（季节描写）总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中和阳光中的感觉
12.flee vi.vt.迅速离开；逃跑【联想】ABB型不规则动词
①flee—fled—fled
②bend-bent-bent
③lend-lent flent
④meet-met fmet（Dunderstand-understood^under stood
⑥th inkfthought-thought
13.circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况under/in nocircumstances绝不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装）if circumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许under/in thecircumstances在这种情况下eg.Furthermore,under nocircumstancesis punishmenta wisechoice tohelp themgrowup mentallyand physically.另外，惩罚绝不是一种帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择
14.novelist n.小说家【联想】词缀-ist表示“从事……的人”:
①art-artist艺术家
②sciencef scientist科学家
③journalf journalist新闻工作者
④economy—economist经济学家
⑤piano-pianist专冈琴家
⑥physicsf physicist物理学家
15.consequence n.结果；后果•as aconsequence因此；结果as aconsequence of由于的缘故•consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequentlyadv.因止匕；结果eg.I didnt keepmy promise.As aconsequence,he doesnt keep in touch with meanylonger.我没有遵守我的诺言结果，他不再和我联系了
16.take up a position担任；任职take up接受；开始从事；继续；占据（时间或空间）take off脱掉；起飞；成名；开始成功take in接受；收留；理解；明白；欺骗take on雇用；呈现（新面貌等）；承担take over接管;接收eg.He hasmade uphis mindto takeupaposition asa doctorin thefuture.（人物介绍）他已下定决心将来当一名医生
17.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的•be remarkablefor因引人注目•remarkn.谈论;评论v.谈论;评论remark on/upon••谈论/评论・remark that...谈到/说起make aremark/remarks on/upon...对发表评论/看法•remarkablyadv.显著地；非常地eg.The teachermadearemark onmy essay,adding thatit waswell written,which mademeproud.（演讲稿）老师评论我的文章写得很好，这让我很自豪
18.sum vi.总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和sum up总结；概括a largesum of一大笔；大量的【联想】“总而言之”的表达to sumup,in conclusion,in short,in brief,inaword,all inallunit
219.persuade vt.劝说；说服（convince）•persuade sbto do sth/into doing sth说服某人做某事persuade sbnot to do sth/out ofdoing sth说服某人不做某事persuade sbof sth/persuade sbthat...使某人相信•persuasionn.劝说；说服•persuasiveadj.有说服力的eg.（2020•新高考卷I读后续写）I managedto persuadehim toapprove of my planto sellpopcornfrom doorto door.我成功地说服他同意了我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划
20.switch vt.转换；交换vi.vt.（使）改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变eg.（2020•浙江7月卷）In Bellevue,the switchto adaptivesignals hasbeen alessonin thevalue ofwelcoming newapproaches.在贝尔维尤，转向可调节式交通信号灯是积极尝试新方法价值的一课There isa switchon thewall forturning onthe lights.墙上有一个开电灯的开关All mobilephones mustbe switchedoffduring lessons.（学校生活）上课期间必须关闭所有手机He startedstudying historybut thenswitched overto architecture.他开始学习历史，但后来转向建筑
21.instant n.瞬间；片刻adj,立即的；速食的；速溶的•in aninstant=instantly立亥!J；马上for aninstant一瞬间•the instant=instantly就【联想】表示“一……就……=引导时间状语从句的连词还有immediately,as soonas,directly,the moment,the minute,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...
22.command n.指令；命令；控制；（尤指对语言的）掌握；运用能力vt.命令；控制•at ones command受某人支配take command of控制have agood commandof掌握；精通under thecommandof在的指挥下•command sbto do sth命令某人做某事command that...（should）do sth命令做某事eg.I amwriting toapply tobe yourteaching assistant,because notonly doI haveagood commandofEnglish butalso Iam goodat communicatingwith others.（申请信）我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流
23.obey vi.vt.服从；遵守•obey thetraffic rules遵守交通规则•disobeyvt.vi.不服从；违抗【联想】dis-否定前缀高频词集锦
①agreef disagreevi.不同意
②likef dislikevt.不喜欢
③appear-disappearvi.消失
④trust—distrustvt.不信任
24.warning n.警告；警示；先兆•without warning不预先通知；突然地•wamv.提醒注意；劝告；警告；告诫warn sb（not）todosth警告某人（不要）做某事warn sbagainst doingsth警告某人不要做某事eg.The teacherwarned usnot tocarrymobile phones into the examination room.fThe teacherwarned usagainst carryingmobilephonesintotheexaminationroom.（学校生活）老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场
25.potential adj.可能的;潜在的n.潜力；可能性•the potentialfor（doing）sth（做）某事的可能性/潜力have thepotential todosth有潜力做某事achieve/realize one,s potential发挥某人的潜能•potentiallyadv.可能地，潜在地eg.As ateacher,I trymy bestto encouragemy studentsto realizetheir fullpotential.（演讲稿）作为一名老师，我努力鼓励学生发挥他们的最大潜力
26.relevant adj.有关的；有意义的•be relevantto..•和有关relevant experience相关工作经验•relevantlyadv.有关地；切题地【联想】“与……相关/有关”的表达小结
①be relatedto
②be linkedto
③have sthtodowith
④be connectedwitheg.You canwrite anythingrelevant solong asit sinteresting andinformative.只要它是有趣的且信息丰富，你可以写任何相关的东西
27.catch fire着火•make afire生火light/start afire点火put outthe fire扑灭火set fireto sth=set sthon fire纵火烧•be onfire着火（表状态）eg.When hearrived,he foundthe housewasstill onfire.他到的时候，发现那幢房子还在燃烧
28.nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而【联想】由“然而，但是想到的
①but conj.但是
②however adv.然而，可是
③yet conj.但是，还
④though adv.不过，然而
29.combine vt.vi.（使）结合;混合•combine with...与结合combine...with/and...把与结合起来•combinationn.结合；联合；化合（物）in combinationwith...与联合起来［联想］有“分”也有“合”
①associate联合
②unite联合
③separate使分离
④divide分开
30.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠•oppose sth/doingsth反对（做）某事•opposedadj.反对的；对立的be opposedto（doing）sth反对（做）某事【同义】©disagree with
②be against
③object to
④hold negativeattitudes towardseg.With allofmyfriends opposedto myplan,I couldn,t resistsobbing sadly.（悲伤心理描写）我所有的朋友都反对我的计划，我忍不住伤心地哭了
31.absence n.不存在；缺乏；缺席•in one,s absence某人不在时intheabsence of不在；缺少•absentadj.缺席的；心不在焉的be absentfrom不参加；缺席eg.My teachersand classmateshelped mewith thelessons aftermy longabsence fromschool.（感谢信）很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课【反义】presence
33.keepintouch（with）（与……）保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）（表示动作）•stay/be intouch with与保持联系（状态）•lose touchwith与失去联系（动作）be outof touchwith与失去联系（状态）•get intouchwith与取得联系（动作）eg.Keeping intouch withourfriends isan importantpart offriendship.（人际关系）和朋友保持联系是友谊的重要组成部分
34.resist vi.vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡•resist sb/sth抵抗/抵制某人/某物resist doingsth反对做某事can t resist doingsth忍不住做某事•resistancen.抵制；反对；抵抗resistance tosth反对某事•resistantadj,抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistantto对有抵抗力；抵制eg.As thecoat wasa bargainat sucha lowprice,I couldntresistthe temptationtobuy it.（心理活动）因为这件外套售价实在便宜，我抵不住诱惑买了下来。
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