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英语宾语从句Simple English森博英语宾语从句的用法
一、宾语从句的概念与位置所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子,宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后1动词之后She saysthat Shecan,t cometoday.2介词之后She isn t interestedin whathe isdoing.3间接宾语之后Can you tell mewho she is4形容词之后:I mafraid Lucyis ill.
二、宾语从句的连词1)宾语从句为陈述句由that引导,这时that没有词义,只起引导作用,不充当句子成分,在口语或非正式文体中常常省略eg.She saysthat shewants togo homenow.I dont knowthat he is American.2宾语从句为一般疑问句时,由连词if或whether引导eg.Do you knowif/whether he has beento JapanHeasked if/whether Icould helphim.3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,由连接代词或连接副词引导,这时连词有词义,且在宾语从句中充当句子成分,常见的连接代词有:what,who,whom,whose,which;连接副词有:when,where,how,why,how many,how much,how old,howlong etc.eg.Can you tell uswhat theyare doing(在宾语从句中作宾语)We dontknow whose pencil thisis.(whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语)She askedwho wasthe tallestin ourclass.(作主语)We dont knowwhen thetrain arrives.(作时间状语)Please tell me howI canget to the postoffice.(作方式状语)Do you knowhow oldsheis(作表语)
三、宾语从句的语序陈述句语序:主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子宾语从句
四、宾语从句的时态:和主句一致
1、当主句为现在时态时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,可用所需的任何时态,如Lily hasgone toBeijing.I hear(that)Jim arrivedtwo daysago.She willgo thereby plane.1Simple English森博英语
2、当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制,一般只能用表示过去的某种时态,即一般现在时,一般过去时一般过去时,过去完成时现在进行时,过去进行时一般将来时,过去将来时现在完成时,过去完成时过去进行时,过去进行时过去完成时,过去完成时1She said,“We hopeso.She saidthatthey hopedso.2Jean said,“He willgo tosee hisfriend.”Jean said he wouldgo tosee hisfriend.3She said,“I told her the news yesterday.”She said she hadtoldherthenewsthe daybefore.
五、注意
1、主句:过去时态宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,即时态不变eg.Our teachersaid thatlights travelfaster thansounds.我们老师说光比声音传播得快The teachertold methe earthmoves aroundthe sunand themoonmovesaround theearth.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转,月球绕着地球转
2、主句宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语:时态不变eg.Xiao Wangsaid,“I was born on April21,
1980.Xiao WangsaidhewasbornonApril21,
1980.
3、原句如果是祈使句,宾语从句应改为“tell ask,order,beg等sb.not todosth句型eg.1Don tmake anynoise.she saidtothe children.She toldthechildrennot tomake anynoise.2uBring mea cupof tea,please,“saidshe.She askedhim tobring hera cupof tea.
4、宾语从句的否定一般情况下,宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样,但动词think,believe等后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中eg.I dont thinkyou areright.我认为你不对eg.We dont believeshe canswim.我们相信她不会游泳2Simple English森博英语
5、宾语从句与反意疑问句连用规律含有宾语从句的反意疑问句有两种形式1反意部分和主句谓语动词呼应:He saysthat heis wrong,doesn the2如果主句的主语是第一人称单数I且谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等,反意疑问句一般和宾语从句的谓语呼应eg.I thinkheisright,isntheI dont believethat hewill come,will he
六、练习一单项选择
1.I wonder.A.Whose bikeis itB.it iswhose bikeC.is itwhose bikeD.whose bikeit is.
2.Do youknow________A.What hashappened B.what happenC.what ishappened D.what happening
3.I wantto knowcome tomorrow.A.will sheB.whether willsheC.she willD.whether shewill
4.The smallboy didnt knowwaiting for.A.whom werethey B.whom aretheyC.whom theywere D.whom theyare
5.Could youtell meA.where isnearest shopB.where isthe nearest shopC.the nearestshop iswhere D.Where thenearestshopis
6.Mother askedher daughter_____when shegrew up.A.what shewas B.what shewould beC.What wouldshe beD.What wasshe goingto be
7.The smallchildrendon tknowA.what istheir stockingsin B.where isin their stockingsC.where istheirstockingin D.what sin theirstockings
8.I dontknow hewill cometomorrow.he comes,I11tell you.A.if;Whether B.whether;WhetherC.if;That D.if;If
9.Please askher.A.what swrong with him B.why shedid thatfor.C.what thematter iswithhimD.what herfather3Simple English森博英语
10.She askedme ifI knew.A.whose penis itB.Whose penit wasC.whose penit isD.whosepenwasit二句型转换:将下列句子变成宾语从句或同义句
1.Does Marrywork inthathospital Willyoutell meWill youtellmeMarry inthat hospital
2.Has hehanded inhis homeworkDoyou knowDoyouknowhehashanded inhis homework
3.What didthey fightabout Doyou knowDoyouknowwhat they
4.When shallwe havea meetingCan youtell meCan youtellme wea meeting
5.Where doyoulivev The policeman asked Tom.ThepolicemanaskedTomwhere.
6.I havent decidedwhere Ishould go for my holidays.(同义句)I haven,t decidedgoformyholidays.
7.Can youtellme whenwe shallset off(同义句)Canyoutellme
8.We allthink theyare clever.(同义句)We allthink.4Simple English森博英语。