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Section HI)Grammar一虚拟语气(1语法masterpieces forwhich thisperiod isfamous.原句感知自主探究
①Have youever wishedyou couldpaint as()
①句后的从句是对将来状况的虚拟,谓1wishwell asa professionalartist语动词用动词原形would/could+o
②If youwere anartist,what kindof pictures⑵
②句是对现在状况的虚拟,从句用一般过去时,would youpaint主句用结构⑶
③句would/should/could/might do
③If therules ofperspective had not been是对过去状况的虚拟,从句用过去完成吐,主句用discovered,no onewould have been able to结构would/should/could/might havedonepaint suchrealistic pictures.()
④句是含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,虚拟条件隐4©Without thenew paintsand thenew technique,含在上下文中或通过等without,or,but,otherwisewe wouldnot beable tosee themany great表示陪彼剧折]虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说的话不是事实,或者是不行能发生的状况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设语法点一虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句分为三类与现在事实相反的状况;与过去事实相反的状况;与将来事实相反的状况构成方式如下假设状况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式动词would/should/might/could+与现在事实一般过去时(的过去式常用)be were原形相反would/should/might/与过去事实过去完成时(过去分词)had+过去分词could+have+相反would/s hould/might/与将来事实
①一般过去时(的过去式常用)be were动词原形could+相反动词原形
②should+动词原形
③were to+,与现在事实相反1If Iwere you,I would/should/might/could tellhim thegood news.要是我是你,我就会告知他这个好消息事实上我不是你If she had enoughmoney,she would/might/could/should buy a puter.假如她有足够的钱,她就去买一台电脑事实她没有足够的钱与过去事实相反
2.If thekids had been warnednot toswim in the lake,they shouldhave avoidedthe tragedy.假如有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳,他们就应当能够防止悲剧事实上没有人警告孩子们If youhad takenmy advice,you wouldn,t havefailed inthe exam.假如你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格事实上你根本没听我的与将来事实相反
3.If Ibecame/were tobee/should bee a scientistinthefuture,I wouldtry tofind acure forcancer.假如将来我能成为一名科学家,我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方If itwere torain/should rain/rained tomorrow,we wouldn,t gohiking.假如明天下雨,我们就不去远足了下雨的可能性不大[点津]主句中的只用于第一人称;从句中的可用于各种人称1should should虚拟条件句中有时,可以把省略,并将这三个词提至句首,从而构成局部2should,were,had if倒装假设省略的条件句中谓语动词是否认形式,否认词不提前notShould hebe free tomorrow=If heshould befreetomorrow,I wouldtalk withhim.假如他明天有空,我会和他谈话的Had I had time=If I had hadtime,I would have walkedround thatlake then.假如有时间,我当时会在湖的四周走走Had Janenot informedme earlier=If Janehadnt informedme earlier,I would have lostthechance.假如不是简提前通知我,我可能会失去这次时机即时演练1单句语法填空1
①If youhadbeenhere yesterday,you wouldhave scansee her.
②If ithadn,t rainednot,rain yesterday,I wouldhave goneout toplay footballwith myfriends.
③I dont have acellphone.If Ihad haveone,it wouldbe convenientfor meto getin touchwithothers.⑵句型转换@If hecame/should e/were toe etomorrow,we wouldbe begreatly surprised.
⑤Had Ipersuaded himnot todo so,he wouldn,t have made such a serious mistake,f If I hadpersuadedhim todo so,he wouldn1234567891havemadesuchaseriousmistake.@If Iwere you,I wouldgive it up.-Were I you,I wouldgiveitup.
⑦If itshould raintomorrow,we wouldhave tocall offthe picnic.f Shouldit raintomorrow,we wouldhave tocall offthe picnic.语法点二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,表示不能实现的愿望wish主句用法从句谓语动词的形式表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时通常用be were表示过去不能实现的愿望过去分词had+主语+wish表示将来不能实现的愿望动词原形would/could+二命令mand,order;三建议advise,suggest,remend;1wish Iwere tenyears younger.我真盼望我再年轻岁对现在状况的虚拟10He wisheshe couldbeeascientist someday.他盼望将来的某一天能成为科学家对将来状况的虚拟How I wish Ihad seenher offat thestation,but I was toobusy.我耍是去车站送她就好了,但我太忙了对过去状况的虚拟即时演练2单句语法填空
①I wish Ihadhave alittle labof myown.
②I wishI couldfly flyto themoon oneday.31wish thatI hadn,not,agree togo toJims party,fbr Ihave todo someextrawork tonight.用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中,表示“要求、建议、命令〃等
2.动词后面的从句中用动词原形〃构成虚拟语气,其中可以省略这类动词可以“should+“should速记为一坚持insist;四要求request,require,demand,ask;外加一个敦促urge oIinsisted thatwe shouldtell thisto her.我坚持要求我们该把这事告知她He suggestedthat Mr.Smith should be invitedto theparty.他建议邀请史密斯先生参与聚会He orderedthat the students shouldwash theclothes everyweek bythemselves.他要求同学们每周都要自己洗衣服[点津]当表示“坚持认为,坚持说〃、表示“说明;示意〃时,其后的从句insist suggest中不用虚拟语气He insisted that hehadnotstolen thecamel.他坚持说他没偷骆驼即时演练3单句语法填空
①The smileon hisface suggestedthat he was besatisfied withour work.
②My momsuggests thatwe shouldeat eatout for a changethis weekend.
③Eye doctorsremend thata childsfirst eyeexam should be beat theage ofsix monthsold.
④The constantrise ofmeat pricesrequires thateffective measuresshouldbetaken takeby thegovernment.
⑤His ordercame that the soldiersshouldleave leaveat once.
⑥The boyinsisted that he hadn,t brokennot,break thewindow..用在后面的宾语从句中3would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时,表示Would rather对过去的愿望用过去完成时I wouldrather thatyou cametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来r drather youdidn,t makeany menton theissue forthe timebeing.我宁愿你临时先不要就此事发表意见即时演练4单句语法填空
①Id rather you wentgo toBeijing tomorrow.Dr drather youhadn nottell meabout ityesterday.
③George isgoing totalk about the geographyof hiscountry,but Idrather hefocused focusmore on语法做真题锁定考查方向巩固/做典题提升语法水平its culture.单句语法填空
1.2017•北京高考单项选择改编If thenew safetysystem hadbeen putput touse,the accidentwouldnever havehappened.解析句意假如这个新的平安系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了依据主句确定是对过去状况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用形式,此处依据句意可知是被动,用被动语had done态
2..2017•江苏高考单项选择改编空^be itnot forthe supportof theteachers,thestudentcould notovereher difficulty.解析虚拟语气中,动词统一用虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把省略,把be were;if were/should/had提前
3.2016•天滓高考单项选择改编1was wearing a seatbelt.If Ihadn91been wearing one,I wouldhave beeninju「ed injure.解析依据可推断出,此处是对与过去事“Iwaswearingaseatbelt.If Ihadnt beenwearingone”实相反的状况的虚拟,从句用了过去完成时,主句应用结构,且此处与“wouldhavedone”I injure之间为被动关系因此用被动语态,
4.2015・d匕京高考单项选择改编If Ihadn,t seennot,see itwith myown eyes,I wouldn,t havebelievedit.解析句意假如不是我亲眼看到,我是不会信任的依据主句的时态wouldn,t havebelieved可以推断,事情发生在过去,所以条件状语从句应当使用过去完成时
5.2015•陕西高考单项选择改编Ellen is a fantasticdancer.IwishI danceddance aswell asher.解析句意艾琳是个了不起的舞蹈家我多盼望也能和她跳得一样好后面跟从句时wish从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气假如是与现在的事实相反,从句谓语动词要用一般过去时;与过去的事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时;与将来事实相反,从句的谓语动词用动“would/could+词原形〃分析句子可知此处谈论的是现在的状况,故谓语动词用一般过去时.单句语法填空I一
1.Our panywill organizea tripto HongKong nextmonth.I amtaking mymother there.一r dratheryoudidn,t.After allshe hasjust recoveredfrom herillness andshe stillfeels weak.一
2.r mgoing toSan Franciscofor acouple ofdays.一I reallyenvy you.How IwishI would/could getget awayforawhile.
3.If youhad toldme inadvance,I wouldhave metmeet himattheairport.
4.Robert wishesthathehad studiedstudy businessinstead ofhistory whenhewasin university.
5.The boyinsistedthathehadtried tryhis bestand shouldbe praisedpraise.
6.Had theweather beengood,the twinswouldhavegone goout fora walk.
7.If therewere/shouldbe/were tobe beany changeaboutthedate,I wouldinform youin time.
8.The trainleft leaveten minutesago.You shouldhave arriveda bitearlier.
9.But forthe Party,he wouldhave dieddie ofhunger15years ago.
10.I wouldhave lentyou somemoney,but Ididn thave not,have anyon methen..句型转换
11.
1.She wasnot atschool,so I didnt seeher.f Ifshe hadbeen atschool,I wouldhave seenher.
2.I wont letyou goto worknow.It israining veryhard.would letyou goto worknow ifit werent rainingso hard.
3.If youhad listenedcarefully,you wouldhave beenable todo itwell.f Hadyou listenedcarefully,you wouldhavebeenabletodo itwell.
4.Ididnthave heraddress,so Ilost touchwith her.f IfIhadhad heraddress,I wouldnthavelost touchwith her.
5.IfIwere you,I wouldbuy anew car.f WereIyou,I wouldbuyanew car..短文改错IllCars havebee popularmeans oftransportation asthe developmentof society.They constantbringgreat convenienceto ourlife.Unluckily,they havealso causedproblem suchas airpollution andtraffic jams.So thecurrent taskfor usis howwe cando tosolve theproblems.As faras Iam concerned,switch ourtransportationfrom carsto bicyclesis agood solution.For onething,bicycles don,t needany petrol.Forother,bicycles areenvironmentally friendly.Whats muchmore,riding bicyclesisagood wayof exercisingandit isvery benefitto ourhealth.Therefore,Iwouldrather thatpeople trybicycles.答案第一句前加popular a;asf with其次句constant-*^constantly第三句problemf problems第四句how-*what第五句switch-switching第七句other-another第八句去掉much;benefit^beneficial第九句tryf tried。