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高考英语语法知识
一、形容词
1.修饰名词,对主语或宾语进行补充说明是形容词的基本作用1)修饰主语hard work繁重的工作nice picture好看的照片2)对主语或宾语补充说明就是补语形容词是补语的一种用作补语的形容词一般位于be动词或宾语后面She isbeautiful.她很漂亮The workis veryhard.那个工作很难
2.become/look/remain等动词后面加形容词也是对主语补充说明become,get,grow,go,turn成为・・・look,appear,seem好像,看起来像・・・・・・remain,stay保持状态・・・与be动词相似,但更强调“维持在什么样的状态”They gotupset whenheir teamlost thegame.当他们队输了比赛时,他们非常生气Receiving thepresents,the orphansseemed sohappy.那些孤儿们收到了礼物,看起来很高兴My momremained calmeven thoughshe wasupset.即使我妈妈生气了,她始终保持沉默他们是富裕的家庭Theyre awealthy family.他们很生气They werevery upset.那是件容易的事It seasy work.她看起来很累She lookedtired.她保持沉默She remainedsilent.
3.记住特殊的形容词1)只作补语的形容词alive活的afraid害怕的alone独自,孤独sorry对不起asleep熟睡They werealive.他们还活着4)在名词后修饰的形容词事实上,这种形容词完全是因为名词才特殊像something,somebody,someone这样的名词,其后附有-thing,-body,-one之类的后缀,这样的名词要放在形容词前,即形容词在后面修饰这些名词Do youknow someonefamous你知道一些名人吗?I cansmell somethingfoul.我闻到了一股怪味3)修饰可数名词的形容词VS修饰不可数名词的形容词种类意义修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词many much多a fewa little少few little几乎没有I foundsomething strangein herroom.我发现她的屋里有奇怪的东西I mworking withmany famouspeople.我和许多名人在一起工作She boughtsomething expensivefor me.她给我买了一些贵重的东西We havelittle waterto drink.我们几乎没有水喝了The driverwas alivein theaccident.那个司机在那场事故中活了下来
二、名词性从句
1.由that引导的名词性从句如果有当作主语或宾语使用的句子的话,只需在句子前面加上that就可以了句子前面的that就是名词性从句的标志1He leaves China+is true.如果将he leaves China这个句子当作主语使用的话,在它前面加上that这样he leaves China就成了名词性从句了That he leavesChinais true.他离开中国的事是真的That he applied for the jobwas unknown.不知道他是否申请了那个工作2I dont know+He leavesChina soon.he leavesChina作宾语时,也和上述句子一样,只要在句子前面加上that,就可以变成名词性从句,充当句子的宾语I dont knowthat heleavesChinasoon.我不知道他离开中国了He believedthat shewou1d marryhim.他相信她会嫁给他3在that引导的名词性宾语从句中,that可以被省略I knewthat hecollected stampsas hishobby.我知道他把收集邮票作为兴趣爱好She believedthat thesofa wassold toher.她相信沙发是被卖给了她的
2.名词性从句太长的话,就放在句尾名词性从句中如果从句太长的话,就把形式主语it放在主语的位置,that引导的名词性从句就放在句尾位置That heleavesChinais true.=It istrue that heleavesChina.That heapplied forthe jobwas unknown.=It wasunknown thatheappliedforthejob.Nobody knewthat tsunamiwould hitthe town.没有人知道海啸会袭击那个城镇She heardthathehad beenfired.她听说了他被解雇的消息It isunbelievable that the volcanois abouterupt.火山马上就要喷发这件事是不可信的It mustbe amistake that I wonthis award.我得奖一定是弄错了I believethat youwold payme back.我相信你会换我钱的I thinkthatIm inlove withyou.我想我是爱上你了It isvery naturalthatthebook shouldcontain alarge sectionon thetopic.这本书包含很多关于那个主题的章节是理所当然的
3.名词性从句也可以表疑问当who,what,when,why,how,where等特殊疑问词在名词性从句中作主语或宾语时,疑问词本身起到了that的引导作用,句子中就不用再单独写that了Nobody knowswhere shehid theweapon.没有人知道她把武器藏在了哪里Who muggedthe ladyshould beinvestigated immediately.应当立刻调查是谁抢劫了那位女士It isa masteryhow hebroke intothe house.秘密在于他是如何闯入房子里的1A:Do youknow whowill be the new manager你知道谁会成为新的经理吗?8:I thinkMr.Green fromTokyo willbethenewmanager.我认为来自东京的格林先生会成为新的经理2A:Tell mewhen youcan finishthe script.告诉我你什么时候能完成脚本B:Maybe tomorrownight.可能明天晚上吧3A:I dont understandhow hecan eatso quickly.我不明白他吃饭怎么会如此之快B:Well,he mayhave abigger stomach.可能是因为他有一个大胃吧4A:Could youtell mewhere thegas stationis nearher你能告诉我附近哪有加油站吗?B:Im sorryI,m astranger here.不好意思,我也不是本地人5A:I haveno ideawhy theygot divorced.我不明白他们为什么离婚B:The rumorhas itthat Charliecheated onSally.据说是因为查理对萨莉不忠。