还剩21页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
英语四六级语法题考点经典总结
一、非谓语动词近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占平均每年近道题,可谓是语法项目考查
31.1%,5的重点,那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点,解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下、非谓语动词考查特点1谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断1对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如All thingsbecause of the snowstorm,many passengerscould do nothing buttakethe train.
1999.1A.had beencanceled B.have beencanceledC.were canceledD.having beencanceled四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有是非谓语动词,只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓D语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择2谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼如
①I dorYtmind thedecision aslong as it isnot toolate.
2000.1A.you todelay makingB.your delayingmakingC.your delayingto makeD.you delayto make
②Had Iremembered thewindows,the thiefwould nothavegot in.
1996.1A.to closeB.closingC.to haveclosed D.having closed
③Your hairwants.Youd betterhave itdone tomorrow.A.cut B.to cutC.cutting D.being cut
1997.6这类题涉及三个方面谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别?不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?woke to find herselfin hospital.结构”该结构表示被动与正在进行,一般置于句首,表示原因如beingdone Beingchasedby somespies,he hidhimself in the grass.做表语2测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上,所以对于做表语的非谓语动词,主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系做表语的分词一般只有和两种形式doing done现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系;过去分词表示做表语的与主语之间是动宾关系根据使用规律,如果主语是无生命名词,则表语分词为现在分词;如果主语是有生命名词,以过去分词居多,但也可以用现在分词,但意思不同如.他感到失望How disappointedhe feltat theresult of the election.他令人失望How disappointinghe is.He should have failedin suchan election可接表语的系动词很多,除外还有be remain,feel,look,appear;seem,get,become,go做补足语3一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同结构分词与宾语构成主谓关系,表正在进行doingWhen Icaught himme Istopped buyingthings thereandstarted dealingwith anothershop.A.cheating B.cheat C.to cheatD.to becheating结构分词与宾语构成动宾关系,表示被动与完成doneDont getyour schedule;stay withus in this class.
1996.1A.to changeB.changing C.changed D.change结构不定式表示将来,如to dowish somebodyto do,expect somebodyto do,arrange等等for somebodyto do结构表示被动和正在进行,being donewatch theflag beingraisedCorn originatedin theNew Worldand thuswas notknown inEurope untilColumbus founditin Cuba.
2000.1A.being cultivatedB.been cultivatedC.having cultivatedD.cultivating结构用语表示将来与被动,一般用语主谓关系时可用做宾补的动词后,to be done to如完成形式不能做宾补want something to be done,order something to bedone注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语4不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,如表示目的只能是不定式,另外,测试中也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题因此,同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系,判断连词的使用注意不定式的特殊句式5不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式,注意这些句式的特点,考试中就会少走一点弯路如类have something to do这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构,即”有事要做“,“买东西吃“,“借书看”等类a roomin which to live该类结构是的变体但如果不熟悉这个结构,考试中则难以决断如a roomto liveinYou willwant twotrees aboutten feetapart,from tosuspend yourtent.
1998.1A.there B.them C.which D.whereThe professorcould hardlyfind sufficientgrounds hisarguments in favor of thenew theory.
2000.6A.to bebased onB.to base on C.which to base onD.on whichto basethefirst to do该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用,其后应不定式做定语the abilityto do该结构表不,形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语the need to do该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语the wayto do该结构表示,在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语,应注意记忆,如means,reason,time,pressure,moment熟记固定搭配,分清不定式与加动名词6to其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式,只要平时注意积累即可prefer doing something to doing somethinglookforward to doing something习惯于做某事be usedto doing somethingstick to doing somethingobjectto doing something/have objectionto doing somethingbe opposedto doing somethingadmit/confess to doing somethingI have no objection your story again.
二、比较级
1.Test Yourself在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前,让我们首先看以下几题1Radio,television andpress ofconveying newsand information.
1995.6A.are the most threecommon meansB.are the most commonthree meansC.are thethree most common meansD.are threethe mostcommon means2If tapwater wereas dangerousas somepeople think,would begetting sick.
1998.1A.a lot of moreus B.more a lot of usC.a lotof usmore C.a lotmore ofus3The trumpetplayer wascertainly loud.But Iwasnt botheredby hisloudness by his lackoftalent.19991A.than B.more than C.as D.so muchas4Americans eatas theyactually needevery day.
1998.6A.twice as much proteinB.twice protein as muchtwiceC.twice protein as muchD.protein astwice much5There arefew electronicapplications toraise fearsregarding futureemploymentopportunities thanrobots.A.likely B.more likelyC.most likelyD.much likely6The littleman wasmore thanone meterfifty tall.
1995.1A.nearly B.quite C.hardly D.almost7Certain programswork betterfor somefor others.
1995.1A.and B.than C.as D.but8It isnot unusualfor workersin thatregion.
1995.1A.to bepaid more than a month lateB.to bepaid later than more a monthC.to paylater than a monthmoreD.to paylate more than a month9It isreported thatadopted childrenwent toknow whotheir naturalparentsare.
1997.1A.the mostB.most ofC.most D.the most of10The littleman was one meterfifty high.
1997.1参考答案A.almost more than B.hardly more than C.nearly more than D.as muchas1C2C3D4A5B6C7B8A9C10B比较级测试特点
2.在四级测试中,比较级属低档题,比较简单,考查范围大体有)比较级形式的判断1比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择,与more than as/so...as的选择如上面的
③,
⑤)比较级的修饰语2比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前,如
①,
②和
④修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定,如
⑥,⑩)比较级结构与其它结构的区别3如
⑧中形容词修饰语与比较级结构的区别,
⑨中与more than a monthmost the most的区别比较级应对策略
3.)如果选项中有比较级结构,则该题则为比较级考查题,可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答1案)比较级修饰语应注意或结构之前2more thanas...as)注意比较结构的完整性,要么是结构,要么是结构,或是3more thands/so...as the more.…的句型the more)注意结构的各种变体4结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as olda cat;as many/much/few/little…as)如果有比较对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性如5His Englishis betterthan anyoneelses inhis class.
二、比较级
1.Test Yourself在我们分析比较级的测试特点探讨其应对策略之前,让我们首先看以下几题)()1Radio,television andpress ofconveying newsand information.
1995.6A.are themost threecommon meansB.are themostcommonthree meansC.are thethree mostcommon meansD.are threethemostcommon means)2If tapwater wereas dangerousas somepeople think,would begetting sick.
1998.1A.a lotof moreus B.morea lotofusC.alotofusmore C.alotmore ofus3The trumpetplayer wascertainly loud.But Iwasnt botheredbyhisloudness byhis lackoftalent.19991A.than B.more than C.as D.so muchas4Americans eatas theyactually needevery day.
1998.6A.twice as much proteinB.twice protein as muchtwiceC.twice proteinasmuchD.proteinastwice much5There arefew electronicapplications toraise fearsregarding futureemploymentopportunities thanrobots.A.likely B.more likelyC.most likelyD.much likely6The littleman wasmorethanone meterfifty tall.
1995.1A.nearly B.quite C.hardly D.almost7Certain programswork betterfor somefor others.
1995.1A.and B.thanC.as D.but8It isnot unusualfor workersin thatregion.
1995.1A.to bepaid morethanamonth lateB.to bepaid laterthan morea monthC.to paylaterthanamonthmoreD.to paylate morethanamonth9It isreported thatadopted childrenwent toknow whotheir naturalparentsare.
1997.1A.themostB.mostofC.most D.themostof10The littleman wasone meterfifty high.
1997.1参考答案A.almost morethan B.hardly morethanC.nearly morethan D.asmuchas1C2C3D4A5B6C7B8A9C10B比较级测试特点
2.在四级测试中,比较级属低档题,比较简单,考查范围大体有)比较级形式的判断1比较级考题在设计干扰项时一般都会有比较与非比较的选择,与morethanas/so...as的选择如上面的
③,
⑤)比较级的修饰语2比较级的修饰语包括修饰语的结构和修饰语的选用结构指比较级修饰语须置于比较级之前,如
①,
②和
④修饰语的选用根据其所表达的意思而定,如
⑥,⑩)比较级结构与其它结构的区别3如
⑧中形容词修饰语与比较级结构的区别,
⑨中与morethanamonthmost themost的区别比较级应对策略
3.)如果选项中有比较级结构,则该题则为比较级考查题,可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答1案)比较级修饰语应注意或结构之前2morethanas...as)注意比较结构的完整性,要么是结构,要么是结构,或是3morethands/so...as themore.…的句型themore)注意结构的各种变体4结构内出现名词时的结构可以是as olda cat;as many/much/few/little…as)如果有比较对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性如5His Englishis betterthan anyoneelses inhis class.
三、情态动词
1.Test Yourself首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题)()1This boxis tooheavy,give mea hand
1998.1A.would youmind B.would youplease C.will you like toD.will youplease to)2Research findingsshow wespend abouttwo hoursdreaming everynight,no matter()what weduring theday.
1999.1A.should havedone B.would havedone C.may havedone D.must havedone3It was very kind of you todothe washing-up,but youit.
1998.6A.mustnt havedone B.wouldnt havedone C.mightnt havedone D.didnt have todo4If youdont liketo swim,you stayat home.
1995.1A.should as well B.may aswell C.can aswell D.would aswell5You him so closely;you shouldhave keptyour distance.
2000.6A.shouldnt followB.mustnt followC.couldnl have been followingD.shouldnl havebeenfollowing6You herin heroffice lastFriday;shes beenout oftown fortwoweeks.
19996.1A.neednt haveseen B.must haveseen C.might haveseen D.cant haveseen7The roomis ina terriblemess;it cleaned.
1996.6A.carTt havebeen B.shouldnt havebeen C.mustnt havebeen D.wouldnt havebeen参考答案1B2C3D4B5D6C7A.情态动词的测试要点2从以上例题可以看出,四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点情态动词的基本用法,如
①④⑤1情态动词+动词的完成形式的用法,如
③⑥2情态动词的推测性用法
⑦3情态动词的应对策略
3.情态动词的使用主要根据其所表达的含义解题时注意以下几点1情态动词自身结构要正确结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分除外情态动词后接原形动词,ought测试中常将不同结构的动词置于一起设干扰项,如
①四个选项都与请求有关,但would you后接动名词,一般说而不是川后用mind would you liketo wyouliketo,will youplease原形动词,答案是wouldyouplease)注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致2在情态动词的推测性用法中,各用于不同的句型,must,can,may,might,could应注意分辨具体使用规律为只用于肯定句中must不能用语肯定句中can/could不能用语疑问句中may/might另外还应注意表示不可能“,表示“可能不“cant may not考试时,如果有原因说明自己的猜测,一般应该用而不是must,cant may,maynot如He canthave stolenthe money;he isnot suchkindofperson.Some pleasantthing must have happenedto him.He isso excited.)注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间3如果推测的为过去的事情,情态动词后则用完成形式There musthavebeenno onein,for nobodyanswered thephone.如果推测的是正在进行的事情,情态动词后则用动词的进行形式They mustbe talkingabout somethingvery secret.如果推测的是现在的状态等,情态动词后则用原形动词He mustbe badlyill.He looksso pale.如果推测的是将来发生的事情,情态动词后同样用原形动词,这时,情态动词只能是may/mightoThere maybe aterrible stormin thefollowing fewdays.)注意情态动词+动词的完成形式”所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符4其它情态动词+动词的完成形式”并不表示推测,而分别表示本来能够could havedoneHe didnttake partin thecompetition,he though.A.won B.didnt winC.could winD.could havewon本来没不要neednt have doneYou・There wasplenty oftime.A.neednt hurryB.cant hurryC.mustnt havehurried D.neednt havehurried做定语的非谓语动词的选择3从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语如1
①The projectby theend of2000,will expandthe citystelephonenetwork tocover1,000,000users.
1999.6A.accomplished B.being accomplishedC.to be accomplished D.having beenaccomplished
②If Icorrect someone,I willdo itwith somuch goodhumorand self-restraint asif Iwere theone.
1996.6A.to correctB.correctingC.having beencorrected D.being corrected同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断
①题答案为
②题答案为C,D对固定结构的考查,如2
①The professorcould hardlyfind sufficientgrounds hisargumentsinfavorofthenew theory.
2000.6A.to bebased onB.to baseonC.whichtobaseonD.on whichtobase
②The pressurecauses Americansto beenergetic,but italsoputs themunder aconstant emotionalstrain.A.to competeB.competingC.to becompeted D.having competed
①题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为
②题为某些特定名词的定语结构,答案为在D,A英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名词,形容词变来的名词,以及means,way,time,moment,等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化reason做状语的非谓语动词的选择4做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如
①the earthto beflat,many fearedthat Columbuswould falloff theedge oftheearth.
1996.6A.Having believedB.Believing C.Believed D.Being Believed本来应该should/ought to have doneYoume earlier.I couldhave helpedyou.A.should tellme B.shouldhave toldC.needto tell D.neednt have told本来不应该shouldrYt/oughtnt to havedoneYouhimsoclosely;you shouldhave keptyour distance.A.shouldnt followB.mustnt follow
2000.6C.couldnt havebeen followingD.shouldnt havebeen following本来应该用来表示一种责备might havedoneYou eventhough youwere busyat thattime.A.might helphim B.musthavehelped himC.might havehelped himD.should helphim这类题在设计干扰项时,一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及,同学们应注意分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系注意常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能5其它常用动词的用法,如表示“命令“、“威胁“许诺”或征求许可,shall may/might等,同学们都应多多注意其用法aswell
四、倒装倒装结构也是比较常见的一种句式,但考查的分量不大,考试都有哪些特点,如何应对,首先让我们一起来看一下近几年的考题
1.Test Yourself.1I could not persuadehim to accept it,make himsee theimportanceof it.
19995.1A.if onlyI couldnot B.no morethan I couldC.or IcouldnotD.nor couldI2Not untilthe gamehad begunat thesports ground.
2000.6A.had hearrived B.would hehave arrivedC.did hearrive C.should hehave arrived3The organizationhad brokenno rules,but hadit actedresponsibly.
19996.1A.neither B.so C.either D.both4We havebeen toldthat under no circumstancesthe telephonein the officefor personalaffairs.
1999.6A.may weuse B.we mayuse C.we coulduse D.did weuse5Only underspecial circumstancesto takemake-up tests.
1997.6A.are freshmenpermitted B.freshmen are permitted参考答案C.permitted arefreshmen D.arepermittedfreshmen1D2C3A4B5A.倒装测试范围和应对策略2倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装,但从近几年的测试来看,重点是部分倒装对于倒装句型同学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒装,并且如何倒装注意下面常见的倒装条件含有否定意味的词置于句首,主谓倒装1同学们应注意常用否定词语,如hardly,barely,not,seldom,little,few,nowhere,never;at notime,by nomeans,in noway,in nocase,undernocircumstances,not until,.等如果是在从句的句首,则从句倒装,如题not only...but also..,neither...nor..4状语置于句首,主谓倒装2only+后的状语可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,要特别注意,从句并不倒装,而是主Only句倒装如Only whenthe warwas overwas heable to get happilyback towork.置于句首倒装,表示”也/也不……,如上面的题3Neither/So23或做状语的地点副词和地点介词短语置于句首,要全部倒装如:4There/here/then Therestandsa monumentin thecenter ofthe square.Down camea lightform theceiling whenhe waswalking acrossthe floor.On thehay laya woundedboy ofnot morethan seventeen.现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成分词+主语+其它+的倒装句式如5be+Enclosed intheletter wasa photoof abeautiful girl.Glooming inthe testtube on the tablewas themysterious somethingwhich theyhad beenworkingso hardtofind,radium.句型中,形容词/副词提前,主谓倒装如:6so/such....that so+So boringwas thespeech that the audienceall lefthalfway.Such anoise didthey makethat theneighbors couldnot goto sleepat night
②a teacherinauniversity,it isnecessary to have atleast amasters degree.
1995.1A.Tobecome B.Become C.One becomesD.On becoming
③Realizing thathe hadntenough moneyand toborrow fromhis fathei;hedecided tosell hiswatch.
1995.1A.not wantedB.no towant C.not wantingD.wanting not
④it ornot,his discoveryhas从created astir inscientific circles.
1997.1A.Believe B.lb believeC.Believing D.Believed以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有状语类别的判断1不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如
②非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系2根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词非谓语动词的否定形式3否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如
③not独立成分4有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成分只记忆即可如等generally speaking,judging from...,totellthe truth...,做补足语的非谓语动词的选择5做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同近几年对各类宾补都有考查如1They aregoing to have theservice manan electricfan inthe officetomorrow.
1998.1A.install B.to installC.to beinstalled D.installed2After afew roundsof talks,both sidesregarded theterritory dispute.
1998.6A.being settledB.to besettled C.had settledD.as settled3You willsee thisproduct whereveryou go.
2000.6A.to beadvertised B.advertised C.advertise D.advertising4His remarksleft meabout hisreal purpose.
1999.6A.wondered B.wonder C.to wonderD.wondering5When Icaught himme Istopped buyingthings thereand starteddealingwith anothershop.
1997.1A.cheating B.cheat C.to cheatD.to becheating6The saleusually takesplace outsidethe house,with theaudienceon benches,chairs orboxes.
2000.1考查涉及到A.having seatedB.seating C.seated D.having beenseated感官动词后的宾语补足语,如
③等特殊单词后的宾语补足语have,make,let,leave类后面的宾语补足语regard独立分句后面的with常用动词后面的宾语补足语做表语的非谓语动词的选择6表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑如1The housewasveryquiet,asitwasonthe sideofthemountain.
1999.6A.isolated B.isolating C.being isolatedD.having beenisolated2These surveysindicate thatmany crimesgo by the police,mainly becausenotall victimsreport them.
2000.6A.unrecorded B.to beunrecorded C.unrecording D.to havebeen unrecorded分词做表语可以做系动词的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如be go,feel,seem,look,等等这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的remain作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择7to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多如t1Ihavenoobjectionyourstoryagain.
2000.6A.to hearB.to hearingC.to havingheard D.to haveheard2The traditionalapproach withcomplex problemsis tobreak downinto smaller;moreeasily managedproblems.
1996.6A.to dealingB.in dealingC.dealing D.to deal3The maninthecorner confessedto alie tothe managerofthecompany.
1997.6A.havetoldB.be toldC.being toldD.having told这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项和todosomethingto这时考查的自然是的性质;另一种是在题干中,如
③分词前连词doingsomething,to to8的使用分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题考查有两种情况根据连词选择适当的分词形式1Michael usedto lookhurt andsurprised when.
1995.1A.scolding B.to scoldC.having scoldedD.scolded的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是从与句子主语间的逻辑关系when B,scold来看,应该是动宾关系,答案应该是D根据状语的功能选择不同的连词2Careful surveyshave indicatedthat asmany as50percent ofpatientdonottake drugsdirected.
1996.1A.like B.so C.which D.as由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是dS非谓语动词的体9非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即和having done,having been done being完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语done,动名词的体也有和的结构主要用于做主语having done,having beendonebeing done和宾语的场合不定式的体有to bedoing和to havedone,主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appeal;be等结构中如saidto
①The maninthecorner confessedtoalie tothe managerofthecompany.
1997.6在句中做介词宾语,表示动A.havetoldB.be toldC.being toldD.having toldhaving told作发生在谓语动词之前
②rd ratherread thanwatch television;the programsseem all the time.
1997.1A.togetworse B.to begetting worseC.tohavegot worseD.getting worse从的使用可以推断是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体allthetime getworse
③The speecha livelydiscussion started.
1995.1A.being deliveredB.was deliveredC.be deliveredD.having beendelivered该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语,状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以应该用完成体,答案为D动名词复合结构10动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语,在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来,形成动名词的复合结构
①in anatmosphere ofsimple livingwas whather parentswished for.
1999.1A.The girlwas educatedB.The girleducatedC.The girlsbeing educatedD.The girlto beeducated本题涉及题眼比较多,为从句做主语,但缺少为不定式做主语,但缺少A,that,D forforthe girl结构不能做主语,答案是为动名词的复合结构to beeducated,B C,
②Ann neverdreams offor herto besent abroadvery soon.A.there being a chanceB.there to bea chanceC.there beachanceD.beingachance介词后用动名词,表示存在时必须用句型,所以答案为这也是动名词复合结构,there beA,为动名词的逻辑主语there
③I dontmind thedecision aslong asit isnot toolate.A.you todelay makingB.your delayingmakingC.you delayingto makeD.you delayto make
2000.1要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词,答案自然是Mind Bo
④I wouldappreciate ita secret.
1995.6本题与上一题类似,A.your keepingB.youtokeep C.that youkeep D.that youwill keep答案是A非谓语动词解题策略
2.1正确判断非谓语动词这类题一般出现在独立主格结构中,如果在选项与句子之间没有连词,则说明,所选为独立主格结构,既名词或主格代词+分词All things,the plannedtrip willhaveto be calledoff.A.considered B.be consideredC.considering D.having considered
1998.6句子没有连词,说明所选结构不属于从句,那么就是独立主格做状语,根据动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系为动宾关系,答案应该是A,a manwho expresseshimself effectivelyis sureto succeedmore rapidlythanamanwhose commandof languageis poor.
1997.6A.Other thingsbeing equalB.Were other things equalC.To beequal tootherthingsD.Other thingsto beequal做状语的可以是从句,但的结构是虚拟条件,与这里不符,不表目的,不对,不表将B C来,独立主格中非谓语动词不能是不定式,答案为A判断动名词复合结构的方式4主语位置上,或动词、介词后的”名词代词+非谓语动词”,如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构,而不是“名词+定语请看以下各例He insistedonthewindows openwhilehe wassleeping.A.left B.being leftC.leaving D.be left后不接从句,可以排除这里表达的是坚持要求”开着窗子睡觉”,所以应该是动insiston D名词复合结构,答案为BThe roadcaused usto befor ourwork forhalf anhour.A.blocked B.was blockedC.blocking D.being blocked做主语的表示上班迟到的原因,自然应该是“交通堵塞“,而不是“被堵的道路”,所以还是动名词复合结构,答案为DThe concernedmother thrilledatthenews ofhis sonto college.A.had beenadmitted B.admitted C.having beenadmitted D.having admitted消息表达的应该是个事件,说明不是“被录取的孩子”,介词后不可能接从句,说明后of of为动名词的复合结构,答案是C注意分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系3正确判断非谓语动词与起逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是做什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词;如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词;如果表将来,Z5则用动词不定式这是非谓语动词运用的基本原则,然后再根据其不同的作用,掌握其更细的规则如做定语时1做定语的可以是动名词、分词或不定式动名词做前置定语,所构成的大多为固定短语,四级考试一般不涉及主要考查分词和不定式做定语分词或不定式做定语一般做后置定语1The projectbytheend of2000,will expandthe citystelephonenetwork tocover1,000,000users.A.accomplished B.being accomplishedC.tobeaccomplished D.having beenaccomplished2Hard workon timewill leadto bettergrades.
1995.1A.done B.bedoneC.having doneD.tohavebeendone3As earlyas1647Ohio madea decisionthat free,tax-supported schoolsmust beestablishedin everytown50householdsor more.
1998.1A.having B.tohaveC.tohavehad D.having had
④Those tothe conferencewere mostlyfamous scientists.A.invited B.were invitedC.inviting D.to invite做定语的非谓语动词有一下几种形式结构”:分词与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示正在进行,或状态如
③doing结构”分词与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示被动和正在进行,如“beingdoneNo oneis toenterthe buildingbeing repaired.结构”不定式与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示将来和被动,如
①结构”tobedone done分词与中心词之间是动宾关系,表示被动、完成或一般,如
②④结构不定式与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示将来如todoThe professorto giveus aspeechtomorrow issaidtohave compiledmany scientificworks.完成形式不能做定语,包括分词的完成形式和不定式的完成形式做状语2做状语的可以是不定式,也可以是分词大体结构有结构”分词与句子主语为主谓关系,表示与谓语动词同时发生,或基本上同时发生,doing或是同时存在的状态如the earthtobeflat,many fearedthat Columbuswould falloff theedge ofthe earth.结构”只要分词与句A.Having believedB.Believing C,Believed D.Being believeddone子主语间是动宾关系就可以用过去分词,可以表示完成,可以表示正在进行,也可以表示条件如inthisway,the situationdoesnt seemso disappointing.A.Too lookat B.Looking atC.Looked atD.TD belooked at
2000.1He camein,followedby agroup ofreporters.结构”分词与句子主语是主谓关系,切发生在谓语动词之前having doneHaving seenthefilm already,I declinedhis invitationto gotothecinema.结构”该结构表示完成被动,即分词与句子主语之间是动宾关系,切发having beendone生在谓语动词之前如Having beenshowed manytimes,he stilldidnt understandtheoperation ofthe machine.结构”这是不定式结构,在句中可以做目的状语,也可以做结果状语,但不定式动作todo总是发生在谓语动词之后如a teacherinauniversity,it isnecessary tohave atleast amasters degree.A.lb becomeB.Become C.One becomesD.On becoming表结果时一般为固定结构,如或是表示出乎意料的结果,常可to...to...,enough to....,加构成的结构如only toIdid whatIcouldto comforther onlyto makeher cryeven more.The nextday,she。