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专题十二并列句和复合句一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法并列连词and,but,or,so是中考的高频考点,这些词所表示的逻辑关系要理解吃透.并列连词连接的是两个或两个以上的并列成分,如两个词、两个短语或两个分句.做题时要仔细审题,弄清题意,抓住关键词来推敲并理顺前后的逻辑关系.复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起.从句按其在复合句中的作用分为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句.宾语从句是中考单项选择的常考点,侧重于引导词、时态、句意和语序的混合考查,考生在做宾语从句类试题时,首先应从语序着手,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序,即:主语+谓语+宾语+其他,若选项不是陈述语序,则可以直接排除其次,从时态方面考虑,一般情况下,宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的时间状语,则要根据时间状语来判断时态.最后,根据语境来判断疑问词,询问内容用what;询问时间用when/what time;询问地点用where;询问原因用why;询问方式用how等.定语从句主要考查的是关系词.考生在解答定语从句类试题时,可按以下步骤解题1首先根据语境分析句子结构,找出先行词.2然后判断先行词是指人还是指物,缩小关系词的选择范围.3最后把先行词还原到定语从句中,明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分,如果从句缺少主干成分,用关系代词;如果从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词.4特殊情况,牢记只能用that的几种特殊情况,结合题目做出判断.对状语从句的考查主要集中在从属连词的词义辨析上.解答此类题时一定坚持“句意为先”的原则.准确地翻译句意,就能准确判断出主、从句的关系和从句的类型,选择连词也就容易多了.主句和从句的时态搭配对状语从句引导词的判定也有帮助汝□:含条件状语从句的主从复合句,主、从句的时态遵循三大原则“主将从现”“主情从现”和“主祈从现知识突破知识点1并列句
一、定义:由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫做并列句.
3.We alllike thestory about the teacherhappened inour schoollast week.A.which B.who C.whom D.what答案针对性练习针对性练习2:LA
2.D
3.C针对性练习3:
1.C
2.A
3.B针对性练习4:
1.B
2.D
3.A从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练
1.(2021•北京丰台区二模)1was verytired lastnight,I wentto bedearlier.A.but B.or C.so D.for
2.(2021•广西柳州一模)The boysitting atthe cornerwas restlesshe shouldhave listenedto theteachercarefully.A.because B.when C.if
3.(2021•上海宝ill区二模)the studentsof Class5had failedto win the dragonboat raceseveral times,they didntgive up.A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.When
4.(2021•天津南开区三模)Poor Katedidnt go to schooltoday shehurt herleg.A.so that B.if C.before D.because
5.(2021•安徽铜陵一模)Work hardand bepatient,your dreamwon*t cometrue.A.or B.and C.but D.so
6.(2021辽宁阜新模拟)The unforgettableexperience wehad inthe summercamp makesus growup.♦A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
7.(2021•四川成都模拟)We mustfind outthe professoris coming,so we can bookaroom forhim.A.how B.when C.why
8.(2020・5胡J匕武汉二模)1wondered.A.which waywas thewind blowingB.which one is the most convenientC.which ofthe housedid youlive inD.which schoolit was you wentto
9.(2021•天津东丽区一模)Mark isour classleader.He workshard he often helps others.A.and B.so C.or D.but
10.(2021•重庆大渡口区二模)My family will gofor apicnic thisSunday,but wehaven*t decided.A.why to go B.how todo C.what todo D.where togo答案l.c【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:昨天晚上我很累,所以我睡得很早.but但是;or或者;so因此;for因为.根据前后句意可知,此处存在因果关系,前为因后为果,故应用表因果的连词so.
2.B
3.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:虽然五班的学生几次都没能赢得龙舟比赛,但他们没有放弃.unless除非;because因为;although虽然;when当……时.结合语境可知,句子之间表达的是转折关系,应用although引导让步状语从句.
4.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:可怜的凯特今天没去上学,因为她伤了腿.so that为了;if如果;before在……之前;because因为.空格前后句之间是因果关系,属于“前果后因”,应用because引导原因状语从句.
5.A
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:马克是我们的班长,他努力学习,而且他经常帮助别人.and和,而且,表并列;so因此,所以,表结果;or或者,表选择;but但是,表转折.根指He workshard...heoftenhelpsothers.”可知,他努力学习,他经常帮助别人,前后两句是并列关系,所以使用and连接.
10.D真题演练
1.(2022•四川成者B)Mary haslearned alot aboutthe historyof Sichuanshe canbe atourguide.A.even if B.as soon as C.so that
2.(2021•山西)Please donthurt thelittle animalsyou seethem onthe street.They areourfriends.A.so B.when C.unless
3.(2021湖南岳阳)he is72years old,he keepsrunning everyday.・A.Although;but B.Although;/C.But;/4(2021•云南昆明)You cantmake progressin mathlearning youwork harder.・A.if B.after C.unless D.because
5.(2021•湖南株洲)The activeladies likemusic theycan danceto.A.that B.where C.who
6.(2021•四川成都)Zhang Hong,a Chinese,is thefirst Asianblind climberhas reachedthetop ofQomolangma.A.who B.whose C.which
7.(2021•天津)My cousinbecame acountry doctorhe finishedmedical school.A.after B.so that C.but D.so
8.(2021四川成都)we continueto pulltogether,well keepwinning the game.♦A.As longas B.Even thoughC.As soonas
9.(2021•黑龙江绥化)1like smartclothes aremade ofsilk.A.who B.which C.what
10.(2021•江苏镇江)1wont believethat thelittle boycan readfive thousandwords Itesthim myself.A.after B.when C.if D.until
11.(2021•重庆B卷)We werelucky yesterday.The busleft wegot onit.A.before B.although C.until D.as soonas
12.(2021•内蒙古包头)-Do youknow hesaid atthe party-Go on-Fm allears.A.why B.that C.which D.what
13.(2021•山东滨州)In myopinion,of allthe books,this isthe onlyoneiswell worthreading.A.who B.that C.whom D.what
14.(2021•江苏南京)You needto practicespeaking everyday youhope toimprove yourspokenEnglish.A.if B.although C.unless D.until
15.(2021湖J匕荆州)-How doyou likethe singingcompetition yesterday・-Exciting,some studentsdidnt dovery well.A.so B.and C.though D.because
16.(2021•重庆A卷)We shouldtake therest ofthe foodhome wecant finishwhat weorder.A.ifB.so C.unless D.until
17.(2021•江苏盐城)一Jim isplanning a trip toShanghai thisweekend,but stilldoesnt decide.-Why nottake thehigh-speed railwayIts fastand comfortable.A.who willhe visitB.what he will doC.how hesgoing D.whom ishe goingthere with
18.(2021•湖北荆州)-1hear wellhave a new Englishteacher thisterm.-Really Do you knowA.what subjecthe teachesB.where hecomes fromC.if he is amath teacherD.why heteaches sowell答案
1.1【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:玛丽了解了很多关于四川的历史,这样她就能当导游了.了解四川历史的目的是为了当导游,此处用so that引导目的状语从句.
1.8【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:当你在街上看到小动物的时候,不要去伤害它们,它们是我们的朋友.0所以;when当..…口寸;unless除非.由句意可知,应选when.
1.9[解析]本题考查状语从句的从属连词.句意尽管他72岁了,他仍坚持每天跑步.分析句子结构可知这是一个让步状语从句,although和but不能连用,并且but不用于句子开头.
4.C【解析】本意考查连词辨析.句意:如果你不更加努力,你不会在数学学习上取得进步.■如果;after以后;unless如果不,相当于because因为,由于.由句意和前文主句的否定形式可知用连词unless“如果不”,符合句意,用双重否定表示肯定.
5.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法,句意:那些活跃的女士们喜欢可以让她们跳舞的音乐.先行词music指物,应用that或which引导定语从句.
6.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法,句意:中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲盲人登山者.空后面的句子是定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,其先行词是指人的名词climber,故应用who.
7.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:我表弟从医学院毕业后成为了一名乡村医生,根据句意可知,“成为一名乡村医生”与“医学院毕业”存在先后顺序,故选after.
9.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法,句意:我喜欢用丝绸做的漂亮衣服.空格所在句是定语从句,先行词clothes表示物,关系代词应用that或which.
10.D
11.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析,句意:昨天我们很幸运,我们一上去,公交车就走了.before在之前;although虽然;until直到;as soonas-…就.根据句意可知,选as soonas.
12.D
13.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:在我看来,所有的书中,只有这一本非常值得一读.who和whom指代人,who充当定语从句的主语,whom充当从句的宾语,what不是关系词,所以它不能引导定语从句;that一般指代事物,也可以指代不知性别或泛指的一类人,当定语从句的先行词被the only所修饰时,关系代词要用that.
14.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析,句意:如果你希望提高你的英语口语,你需要每天练习说英语.if如果;although尽管;unless除非;until直到.前后是条件关系,用if.
15.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:你觉得昨天的歌唱比赛怎么样一尽管一些学生表演得不太好,但是比赛很令人兴奋.so因此;and并且,和;though尽管;because因为.空白处后句”一些学生表演得不太好”与前句“比赛令人兴奋”表示转折关系.
16.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:如果我们吃不完所点的东西,我们应当把剩余的食物带回家.if如果;so因此;unless除非;until直到,根据句意,应选if.
17.C【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:吉姆正在计划这个周末去上海旅行,但他仍然没有决定如何去那儿.一为什么不乘坐高铁呢高铁又快又舒服.根据答语“为什么不乘坐高铁呢”可知,用how引导宾语从句,表示去上海的方式.
一、定义:在句子中担任宾语的从句,就是宾语从句.
二、用法
1.宾语从句三大考点要素用法示例He said that hewould go to thethat本身无词义,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用,seaside.在口语中that可省略他说他要去海边.He hasntdecided if hell goonatrip toif或whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不可省略,Zhejiang•他还没决定是否去浙江旅行.连接句尾有or not时用whether词连接代词what/who/whose/whom/which等在从句Do youknow who heis你知道他是谁吗?中作一定成分,如主语、宾语、定语等She askedme where I boughtthe book.她问我在哪里买的这本书.连接副词where/when/why/how等在从句中作状语I dont know whenhe will come back.需要性原则:主句为一般现在时、一般将来时,现在完我不知道他将何时回来.成时,则宾语从句根据实际情况使用所需要的时态The childrendidnt knowwhohewas.呼应性原则:主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句一般与主时态孩子们不知道他是谁.句的时态保持一致,根据需要选择相应的过去时态特殊性原则:如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理和普遍The teachersaidthatthe earthgoes事实,则不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时round thesun,老师说地球围绕着太Do youknow whereI canget some语序从句用陈述语序,即主语+谓语+其他postearda你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗?
2.疑问词+动词不定式
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语.例如When togo toBeijing hasntbeen decidedyet.什么时候去北京还没定下来.(作主语)I askedhim whento leaveBeijing.我问他什么时候离开北京.(作宾语)My questionis how to getthere.我的问题是如何到达那里.(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式“作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句.例如Can youtell mewhere tobuy a map of China=Can youtell mewhereIcan buyamapofChina你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗?
3.否定前移当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式.例如I dontthink hewillcomewith you.我认为他不会和你一起来.I don*t believeshe willtake partintheEnglish evening.我认为她不会参加英语晚会.知识点3状语从句
一、定义:在句中作状语成分的从句就是状语从句,它在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.
二、用法
2.状语从句的时态在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句一般有以下两种时态1“主将从现”:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时.例如I willgo swimmingas soonas I finish myhomework.我一完成作业就去游泳.2“主祈/情从现”:若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,如
①Please letme knowifhecomes back.如果他回来了,请告知我.
②If youfeel hungry,you shouldeatsomething.如果你饿了,你该吃点东西.知识点4定语从句
一、定义:在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句;被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫做关系词.
二、用法
1.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系词用法示例关系指物,在从句中充当主语或宾Football is a gamewhich isliked bymost boys.足球是代which语.作主语时不可省略,作宾语大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.时可以省略词A planeisamachine thatcan fly.可指物,也可指人,在从句中充飞机是一个能飞的机器.作主语,不可省略当主语或宾语.在从句中作主语thatThe homeworkthat I finished lastnight wasleft at时不可省略,作宾语时可以省home.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里了.作宾语,可省略略指人,在从句中充当主语或宾The boywho isstanding overthere isTom.站在那边who语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语的男孩是汤姆.时可以省略This isour Englishteacher whomeverybody likes.指人,在从句中充当宾语,可以whom省略,有时也可以用who替代这是我们大家都喜欢的英语老师.This ismy deskmate whosefather worksin afactory.可指物,也可指人,在从句中充whose这是我的同桌,他的父亲在一家工厂工作.当定语We willnever forgetthe dayswhen westayed with指时间,在定语从句中作时whenMr.Smith.我们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一起的间状语日子.关系指地点,在定语从句中作地点This isthe classroomwhere westudy.这是我们学习where副词状语的教室.This isthe reasonwhy Ididn*t attendthe meeting指原因,在定语从句中作原因whyyesterday.这就是我昨天没有参加会议的原因.状语
2.关系代词中只能用that的情况1当先行词是all,none,little,much,some,everything,anything,nothing等不定彳弋词或被其修饰时.例如:Please geteverything readythatweneed.请准备好我们需要的一切.2当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last,the same等修饰时.例如He isthe onlyperson that I wantto see.他是我唯一想见的人.3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,例如This isthe mostinteresting bookthatI have everread.这是我读过的最有趣的书.4当先行词既有人又有物时,例如They talkedaboutthepeople andthings thatthey rememberedin school.他们谈论着他们在学校记得的人和事.5当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复应用that.例如:Who isthe personthat isstanding atthe gate那个站在门口的人是谁?
3.关系代词中不能用that的情况1介词之后不能用that.例如This isthe factoryin whichwe onceworked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂.2非限制性定语从句中句!I如:This ismy favoritepen,which Ibought yesterday.这是我最喜欢的钢笔,我昨天买的.3当先行词本身为that/those时,例如:You mustfind outthose whichmay beignored byus.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西.核心考点,各个击破考点1并列句例12022•河北,33题,1分I sawa goodfilm,I cantremember itsname.A.so B.or C.for D.but【解析】本题考查连词辨析,句意:我看了一部好电影,但我记不起它的名字了,根据前后句句意可知,空前后之间为转折关系,使用连词but.答案:D针对性练习
11.Study hard,you willpass theexam.A.so B.or C.but D.and
2.-Would youlike togotothe concertwith me-Id loveto,Em afraidIhaveno time.A.so B.or C.and D.but
3.At school,we aretaught knowledgehowtobehave well.A.neither;nor B.either;or C.not only;but alsoD.not;but考点2宾语从句例22021湖北黄冈,33题』分・-I think its difficult to writethe bookreport intwo days.I reallydon*tknow.-Plan yourtime properly,and youcan makeit.A.why Ihave todo itB.when willIfinishit C.how Ican doit D.if canIfinishit【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:我认为在两天内写完读书报告是困难的,我真的不知道我该怎么做.一合理安排你的时间,你就能做到.宾语从句要用陈述句语序,先排除B和D.再由力thinkitsdifficulttowritethe bookreport intwo days.可知,题意是指不知道该怎么做.答案:C针对性练习
21.-Jack,could youtell mefor travelingthis summer-We plantogoand seethe beautifulsea inHainan.A.where your family willgo B.how willyour familygoC.how yourfamilywillgo D.where willyourfamilygo2,-Could youplease tellme-Of course.Many peoplein Shiyanknow it.A.where isMount WudangB.how canI getto WulongRiverC.what isShennongjia famousfor D.if therewill beanewairport inShiyan
3.1have sometickets forthe basketballmatch.I wonder.A.where youbuy thetickets B.why youlike togo thereC.if youdlike tocome alongD.when youwatch thematch考点3状语从句例3(2021•黑龙江龙东』4题,1分)The doctorswerebusy theyhad notime torest.A.such;thatB.so;that C.too;to【解析】本题考查状语从句.句意:医生们太忙了他们没时间休息.句式:such+名词或形容词修饰的名词+that意为“如此……以至于……”,可排除;SO+形容词或副词+that意为“如此……以至于……too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形,意为“太……不能……”,句中已经有no,不可再用“too…to”的句型,故排除.答案:B针对性练习
31.jeans wereinvented over100years ago,theyre stillin fashiontoday.A.Because B.If C.Although D.Since
2.Tom willcall meas soonas hehome.A.gets B.has gotC.got D.will get
3.We wontstart themeeting ourteacher arrives.A.though B.until C.while D.or考点4定语从句例4(2021•湖南怀化,28题/分)-Doyouknow thewoman wears a blue skirt-Oh,shes myaunt.A.which B.who C.what【解析[本题考查定语从句.句意:一你认识那个穿蓝色短裙的女士吗一哦,她是我姑姑.which引导定语从句,先行词是物;who引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不能用于引导定语从句.分析句子结构可知,这里wearsablueskirt”是定语从句,修饰先行词woman,关系代词使用who.答案:B针对性练习4l.One ofthemostdelicious drinksI likeis orangejuice.A.which B.thatC.whose D.whom
2.TheEnglish-Chinese dictionarymy fatherbought fbrme manyyears agois stillofgreat value.。