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专题十七任务型阅读题型特点任务型阅读是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型,重在考查考生对阅读信息的再组织与再提炼能力.任务型阅读一般为一篇文章,分值为5~10分,个别省份达到3篇文章,分值也达到30分.所选文章体裁多样,有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等.解题方法和技巧
1.句子还原型1题型特点:该题型要求考生阅读完一篇文章后,从题目给出的几个句子中选择正确选项,将其字母序号填入空白处,使文章意思完整,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握.通常故事情节有较明确的时间线索,首尾句通常不设空,设空以逻辑关系为线索,侧重补充完整后文章情节的合理性.2解题技巧:阅读文章时要把握住各个段落的中心思想,并将各段大意进行整合,理清它们之间的逻辑关系,同时关注各句子之间的逻辑关系,抓住重复词、关键词、线索词或根据段落主题句锁定答案,基本的解题步骤如下:
①读选项,找关键词,理清逻辑关系.
②读文章,找逻辑,抓过渡词.
③先易后难来解题.
④回读文章定答案.
2.回答问题型1题型特点:此类阅读题共设五个问题,提问以特殊疑问句为主,一般疑问句、反意疑问句为辅.问题多数是针对文章中的事实细节设问,答案都能在文章中找到出处,最后一个问题若为开放性问题,答案言之有理即可.2解题技巧:
①浏览全文,掌握主旨大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图.
②细读问题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理.
③复读全文,抓住细节,在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句和结尾句,因为在首段和首句,作者往往要说明事件的起因,阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点及人物间的关系;结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等.
④回答问题,言简意赅,避免照抄整个原句,要简答,并注意人称、时态和语态的变化.
⑤再读全文,核对答案.
3.完成表格/句子型1题型特点:此类题目要求考生读完一篇文章后,根据文中内容,完成相关的填空题或回答相关的问题.这种阅读联系实际,强调主观表述.2解题技巧:
①阅读文章,领略大意,理清文章的写作思路和篇章结构,提取有用的信息.
②特别注意表格前的小标题,它通常是文章的主题,读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意.
③分析表格的项目内容,根据所提供的表格内容提示理清表格每空的考查点.
④要带着问题有意识地在文章中寻找与答案相关的关键词语,或概括、归纳出关键词语.
4.综合型
(1)题型特点:此类任务型阅读是上述各种题型的综合,可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成.一般是在问题设计上兼顾了多种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等,又有根据内容完成句子.完成这一题型应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息,并且经过整理输出信息.
(2)解题技巧:
①认真审题,读懂题意,解题前要先明确任务,做到心中有数.
②快速阅读,掌握大意,大致明白所要完成的任务.
③在明白题意和文章意思的基础上,仔细阅读后面的题目要求,在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分.
④在初步完成所要求的任务以后,再仔细阅读所提供的短文,结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息,认真核实任务以保证答题正确.
⑤任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力.若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么样的表达方式,不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用.典例讲解例1(
2021.湖北宜昌,第二部分第二节』0分)阅读短文,将方框里的五个句子还原到短文当中.A.Weiqi has its speciallanguage B.the gameis playeduntil todayC.it candeveloptheir calmcharacter D.the boardsurface has361cross pointsE.peoplefrom over40countries haveplayed itWeiqi,as anold boardgame,was inventedin Chinamore than2,500years ago.And1The playingpieces arecalled stones.One playeruses thewhite stones and theother,black.Theplayers taketurns placingthe stoneson thegame board.As weknow,2,The stonesare placedon them.Weiqi is also calledgo”in the world.Learning itcan notonly improvepeoples logical(逻辑的)thinking ability,but also
3.Thats whyit ismore andmore popularwith modernpeople.In theSui andTang Dynasties,Weiqi traveledto Japan,and thento Europein the19th century.Nowit hasgrown intoan importantinternational competitionevent.So far,
4.Among them,players fromChina,Japan andR.O.Korea have the highestlevel of Weiqi.On February19,the Chinese-English DictionaryofWeiqiTerms(术语)came outin Beijing.It sthefirst professionaldictionary aboutWeiqi in China.As asymbol ofChinese culture,
5.It alsohas itsownway of thinking and the method of communicating.The dictionarywill serveas anecessary tooland bridgeforspreading Weiqiculture.【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍了围棋的历史和围棋的发展前景.
1.B【解析】由上句“Weiqi,as anold boardgame,was inventedinChinamore than2,500years ago.可知,横线上的句子应与围棋的历史相关.
2.D【解析】由后一句The stonesare placedon them.”可知,横线上的句子是描述下围棋的方法.
3.C【解析】根据前半句Learning itcan notonly improvepeoples logicalthinking ability”可知,横线上的句子叙述的是下围棋的好处.
4.E【解析】根据下句“Among them,players fromChina,Japan andR.O.Korea havethe highestlevelof Weiqi.”可知,横线上的句子与围棋棋手有关.
5.A【解析】根据下句It alsohasitsown wayofthinkingand themethodofcommunicating.nJ知,横线上的句子是描述围棋的特征.例2(2021四川泸州,第五题』0分)・根据短文内容,回答文后所给出的问题.Aunt Jiahad a snack stand(摊位)in ourneighborhood.Her snacksnever failedto satisfymystomach.Whats more,she wasalways patientwith hercustomers.Even COVID-19didnt influenceherbusiness.One day,during thelast SpringFestival,I sawa largefamily visitingher stand.It formedaheart-warming picture:Each familymember wasenjoying beingtogether.As theywere leaving,I noticedAunt Jia felta bitsad.I wasamazed.In myexperience,she wasalways smiling.I wentforward andordered myfavoritesnack.When shewaswrapping(打包),1couldnt helpsaying,Happy NewYear,Aunt Jia!Why don*tyou takea break”Aunt Jialooked surprised,but shesoon replied,Happy NewYear!I loveworkinghere inthis city.Its toocold andsnowy inmy hometown/9I becamemore curious(好奇的).“Where doyoucome fromArent yourfamily waitingfor youto comehome fbrthe celebration^^Aunt Jiastoppedfbr afew seconds.They sureare,“she answeredgently.“But Ihave tostay here.Im froma mountainarea,where itwould notbe easyto makemoney.Id becomfortable ifI werehome now.But in order tolive a better life,I mustwork hard.^^I froze,thinking abouther words.Having noticedmy shock,AuntJia smiled.To getsomething better,sacrifice(牺牲)is a must.This isa rulethat peoplefrom allwalks oflifemust follow.
1.What businessdid Aunt Jia havein theneighborhood
2.How didAunt Jiafeel aftera largefamily visitedher stand
3.Where didAunt Jiacome from
4.Why didAunt Jiawork hard
5.What rulecan welearn fromAunt Jiasexperience【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了贾阿姨摆摊挣钱的故事.短文告诉人们:为了让生活更美好,牺牲在所难免.l.She had asnack stand./She soldsnacks.【解析】由第1段第1句AuntJiahadasnackstand(摊位)in ourneighborhood.”可知答案.
2.She felta bitsad./A bitsad.【解析】由第2段最后1句As theywere leaving,I noticedAuntJiafelta bitsad.”可知答案.
3.She came/was froma mountain area./From amountainarea.【解析】由第3段中的“Im froma mountainarea,where itwould notbe easyto makemoney.”可知答案.
4.1norder to/To livea betterlife.【解析】由第3段倒数第3句But inordertoliveabetterlife,I mustworkhard.”可知答案.
5.To getsomething better,sacrifice isamust.【解析】由短文最后1段第1句“To getsomething better,sacrifice(牺牲)isamust.”可知答案.例3(2021•浙江湖州,第四题,4分)阅读下面材料,完成任务.每空不得超过三个词.Read thefollowing information.Complete Sebs notes.Dear Seb,、Liverpool ADHO TheaterIgot thetickets-weYe going to seeMegaMan!FmThursday8May-One NightOnlycoming up the nightbefore.Can Istay thenight atyourhouse Mytrain arrivesat6p.m.Can youMegaMan-Livemeet meat East Railway StationCantwait!PaulTime:7p.m.PS Youowe me£25for theshow.Date ofPauFs arrival:!.__________Meet himat6p.m.at:
2.__________The showis on:Thursday8May Nameof the theater:
3.Get to thetheaterbefore:7p.m.Ticket cost:
4.__________【文章大意】本题中包含三个应用文语篇,第一篇是Paul给Seb的一封邮件,第二篇是一张门票,第三篇作为承载问题的便签,它们共同组成Paul到Seb所在地观看MegaMan的相关信息的非连续性文本.
1.Wednesday7May或Wednesday,May7【解析】细节理解题.根据左侧文中的Im comingupthenightbefore.”及右侧的票中信息“Thursday8May”可知Paul到达的日期是票中日期的前一天.
2.EastRailway Station【解析】细节理解题.根据文中的句子“Can youmeet meat EastRailwayStation”可知应该在火车东站接Paul.
3.Li verpoolApollo Theater【解析】细节理解题.根据票上面的“Liverpool ApolloTheater”可知剧院名字.
4.£25/25pounds【解析】细节理解题.根据文中的“PS Youowe me£25for theshow.”可知演出门票应该是25英镑.专题专练
一、2021・甘肃天水中考阅读下面短文,并按要求完成1至5小题.Helping HallySamwas sittingon thecouch,watching television.His momwalked intothe roomwith Hally,theirdog.Mom saidJ
①have,we、Hally,help,to・”“Help herhow”asked Sam.“Do youremember whenwe wentto pickup Hallyfrom herlitter Wepicked herbecause she lookedlike her mom.She isbrown withspots,with long ears,and shewas energetic,so wethought she*d bestrong,like her mom.But howdoes shelook now”Mom asked.€€Well,^^thought Sam,shes stillbrown withspots andlongears,but shesnot very energetic orstronganymore.”“Thats what the vetsaid,too.We haventbeen lettingher exerciseas much,and weve been feedingher a lot.She wouldprobably lookjust like hermomnow if we hadwalked hermor已
②We have to startwalkingher moreoften.And thenshell stayhealthy fora longtime.Will youhelp”“Sure!”said Sam.He decidedthat hecould playfetch with her every day in the yard,because thenshecould runand runand rununtil shewas tired.The firstday,they onlyplayed fetchfor about10minutesbefore Hallywas tired.But Samkept playingwithhereveryday.Soon,they couldplay foran entirehalf anhour!Hally lookedstronger everyday,just likehermom.Sam feltgreat abouthelping Hally get strongagain.
1.将文中
①处画线句子连词成句,标点符号已在括号内给出.
2.阅读以下词典中litter的释义,选出文章第四行中litter的含义(标出a、b或c即可).litter BrE/litsr/;AmE/Iitgi7noun a.small piecesof rubbishthat havebeen leftlying onthe groundinpublic placesb.a groupof animalsthat areborn at the sametime andhavethesame motherc.animaltoilet somethingthat isput ina boxto beused asa toiletby pets3,将文中
②处画线句子翻译成汉语.
4.What isthe probleminthestory
5.Do youthink Samand hismother loveHally Whyor whynotList atleast onereason.答案【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要记叙了妈妈和萨姆的对话,讲述了家里的小狗哈利的健康状况大不如前,妈妈让萨姆意识到了这一点,最后萨姆每天陪着哈利运动,哈利又变得强壮了的故事.
1.We have to helpHally.【解析】根据文章第三段萨姆的问题“Help herhow”可知,妈妈说的是“我们必须帮助哈利;
2.b【解析】根据文章第四段Do youremember whenwe wentto pickup Hallyfrom herlitter Wepickedher becauseshelookedlikehermom.”可知「litter”在这里意为同一个母亲同时生出的一窝动物.
3.我们得开始多遛遛她了./我们得开始多带她去散步了.(答案符合此意即可酌情赋分)
4.Hally,the dog,is notenergetic or strong becausewevebeenfeeding hera lot.(答案符合此意即可酌情赋分)【解析】根据文章第五段“but she,snotveryenergeticorstronganymore”和第六段..and we*vebeen feedinghera可知问题是哈利不活泼强壮了,因为喂她太多了.
5.Yes,I do.Because they are willingand patientto helpHallygetstrong again.(本题属于开放‘性试题,答案不唯一,合理即可赋分,但必须列明原因)
二、(2021•江西中考)阅读短文,根据短文内容从方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中.The Valueof NegativeResultsWe allavoidfailure(失败),and mostof usfear it.However,without failure,progress wouldbeimpossible.What doessuccess usuallycome afterFailure.It seemsthat onecannot exist(存在)withoutthe other.Accepting failureis noteasy formany,though.We areoften unwillingto acceptfailure becauseourprofessional famedepends onsuccess.1In thepast tenyears,for example,some scientificmagazines havepublishedreports offailed tests.It isbelieved thatscientists canlearn fromnegative(负面的)“results andthatthis canfinally leadto positiveresults.2The ABNAMRO bankstarted anInstitute(机构)of BrilliantFailures tolearn moreaboutwhat worksand whatdoesnt inbanking.Similarly,Eli Lillyand Companyhad failureparties tostudythe drugs(药物)that dontwork.In fact,one of the businessworlds mostfamous failuresbecame one of itsbiggest successes,in partbecausethe productsmakers learnedfrom theirmistakes.3The product,though unique(独特的)at thetime,was expensiveand heavy;besides,some ofits most important features(特点)didnt workproperly.As aresult,it becameoneof Apples biggest failures,and in1998,the companystopped sellingit.However,Apples CEO,Steve Jobs,believed inthe productand hebegan tofind outways ofimproving it.In time,this ledtothe production of the iPhoneand theiPad,two of the companysmost successfulproducts.4_Not onlyshould wetry tolearn fromit;ifwewant tosucceed,we mustalso bepersistent(执着的).Though Applestopped sellingthe Newtonin1998,the firstiPhone wasntavailable until
2007.It tooka lot ofresearch andhard workto gofrom theApple Newtonto iPhone,but inthe end,the effortbecamesuccessful.All inall,there isalotwe canlearn bystudying mistakes.Perhaps themost important lesson isthatfailure and success are two sides of thesame coin.5A.One trulycannot existwithout theother.B.We arebrave enoughto facedifficulties.C.In theearly1990s,Apple createda phonecalled theApple Newton.D.The businessworld alreadyunderstands thevalue ofnegative results.E.The Apple Newton haswon popularitywith peopleall overtheworld.F.However,things areslowly changing,especially inbusiness andscience.G.The storyoftheApple Newtoncan teachus animportantlessonabout failure.答案【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要阐述了成功与失败并存,没有失败哪来成功一负面结果的价值.
1.F【解析】由空格前一句We areoften unwillingto acceptfailure becauseour professionalfame dependsonsuccess.可知,人们不愿接受失败,再由空格后一句In thepast tenyears,for example,some scientificmagazineshave publishedreports offailed tests.“可知,不斗学杂志出版了失败测试的报告,由此可知此处应该是讲“失败”在商业和科学上的变化.
2.D【解析】由后句“The ABNAMRO bankstarted anInstitute(机构)of BrilliantFailures tolearn moreaboutwhat worksand whatdoesnt inbanking.”可知商界也开始明白失败的价值了.
3.C【解析】由设空处后面句子“The product,though unique(独特的)atthe time,was expensiveand heavy;besides,some ofits mostimportant features(特点)didnt workproperly.As aresult,itbecame oneofApplesbiggestfailures,and in1998,the companystopped sellingit.However,ApplesCEO,Steve Jobs,believed intheproductand hebegan tofind outways ofimproving it.”可知,乔布斯开始探寻提升这种产品的方法,故此空应引出这种产品.
4.G【解析】由后文“Though Applestopped sellingthe Newtoninl998,the finstiPhone wasntavailableuntil
2007.可知,虽然苹果在1998年就停止销售Newton,第一代iPhone直到2007年才上市,故此处应用与“Apple”有关的句子,由此可定位于G项“AppleNewton的故事给我们上了关于失败的重要一课”.
5.A[解析]由前句Perhaps themostimportantlesson isthat failureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesame coin.”可知,失败和成功就像硬币的两面,由此可定位于A项“一个真的离不开另一个”.
三、2021•山东枣庄中考读下面的一篇文章,在答题卡的1〜5每个题目下做简单的笔记.Do youknow whata resolutionis Itsa kind of promise.Most ofthetime,we makepromises tootherpeople.“Mom,I promisePm going to tidymy roomwhen Iget backfrom schooLHowever,promisesyou maketo yourself are resolutions,andthemost commonkind isNew Yearsresolutions.The startof theyearis oftena timefor makingresolutions.When wemake resolutions atthe beginning ofthe year,wehope that we are goingto improve our lives.Some peoplewrite downtheir resolutionsand plansfor thecomingyear.This helpsthem toremember their resolutions.Others telltheir familyand friendsabout theirwishesand plans.There aredifferent kinds of resolutions.Some areabout physical health.For example,some peoplepromisethemselves theyare goingto startan exerciseprogram oreat lessfast food.Many resolutionshaveto do with self-improvement.These areabout makingyourselfabetter person.Some peoplemight say theyare goingto takeup ahobby likepainting ortaking photos,or learnto playthe guitar.Some resolutionshaveto do with better planning,like makinga weeklyplan forschoolwork.For example,a studentmayhave tofind moretime tostudy.Although thereare differences,most resolutionshave onething incommon.People hardlyever keepthem!There aregood reasonsfor this.Sometimes theresolutions maybe toodifficult tokeep.Sometimespeople justforget aboutthem.For thisreason,some peoplesaythebest resolutionis tohave noresolutions!How aboutyou-will youmake anynext year
1.The meaningof a resolution:
3.The waypeople remember their resolutions:
2.The reasonwhy peopleusually makeresolutionsatthe beginningoftheyear:
4.What thethree differentkindsofresolutions areabout:
①②③
5.Write twoof yourown resolutionsfor theYear of0x(牛年)
①②答案:【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文.文章主要阐述了“新年决心”的相关问题.
1.Ifs akindofpromise.[解析]根据第一段第
1、2句Do youknow whataresolutionis It*sakind ofpromise.”可得出答案.
2.People hopethat theyare goingto improve their lives.【解析】根据第一段“When wemake resolutionsatthebeginningoftheyear,we hopethatwearegoingtoimproveourlives.”可矢H答案为“People hopethattheyaregoingtoimprovetheirlives..
3.Writing downtheir resolutions.【解析】根据第——段“Some peoplewrite downtheirresolutionsandplans forthe comingyear.This helpsthem toremembertheirresolutions.“可知人们通过写下自己的决定来记住它们.
4.
①physicalhealth
②self-improvement
③betterplanning【解析】根据第二段“Some areabout physicalhealth.”“Many resolutionshavetodowithself^improvement.,,6€Some resolutionshavetodowithbetterplanning.”可知答案为“身体健康”“自我提升”和“更好的计划;
5.1will goto highschool./1will traveltoBeijing…(开放性试题,答案不唯一.)。