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英语时间状语从句讲解与练习
(一)和引导时间状语从句的用法
一、的用法when,while aswhen如果只从现象来看,从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制,根when据具体情况而定
1.When he was achild hewas alwaystrying outnew ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想她走进我房间时,我正在看书
2.When she came intomy room,I wasjust readinga book.教师进来的时候,你在写信吗
3.Were youwriting whenthe teachercame in对不起,你打来的时候我出去了
4.Sorry,I wasout whenyou calledme.
5.He wason thepoint ofleaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走,这时有人敲门就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了
6.I thoughtof itjust whenyou openedyour mouth.
7.1had hardly[scarcely]closed myeyes whensomeone knockedat thedoor.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了根据以上的例句,我们可以总结出一点从句的事件,相当于另一个事件when A B发生的时间点也就是说,从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为when一个时间点,所以多数情况下用的是一般过去时,那么不用正在进展时因为如果when用正在进展时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了根据这一点,有的文章补充说从句的动词大多是瞬时动词这种说法也可以参照when实际上,从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进展时,因为它也只是作为when一个时间参照点例如当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了
1.When Igot to the airport,the guestshad left.
2.When hehad finishedhis homework,he tooka shortrest.当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿
3.Why doyou wanta newjob whenyou havegot sucha goodone already你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的
4.You shallborrow thebook whenI have finished readingit.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅下周,
5.When themanager comeshere fora visitnext week,Ill talkwith himabout this.经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事
二、的用法while相比于来说,从句的侧重点就不一样了从句的侧重点在于描述动when while while作正在发生的状态,它的意思是当事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何所while以,从句一般用的是正在进展时而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情while况而定例如
1.While mywife wasreading the newspaper,I waswatching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视
2.While Jimwas mendinghis bike,Lin Taocame tosee him.正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了
3.While they were talking,the bell rang.
4.You cantdo yourhomework whileyoure watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业
5.While John was sittingbiting hisnails,I wasworking out a planto getus home.约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家的方案从时间的角度来看,表示的是一段时间,是一个过程这是的侧重点因while while此,如果含有“一段时间〃的含义的时候,就可以用while趁热打铁
6.Strike whilethe ironis hot.这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁如果换成意思就变了,相when当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了这显然不符合文意再例—Im going to thepost office.一While youfrethere,can youget mesome stamps
三、as的用法从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进展当中但与从句不as while同的是,从句用的一般不用正在进展时,而只是一般过去时从句一般可以翻译成as as“边……边……〃例如
1.As mymother sangthose oldsongs,tears randown hercheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来学生们边听课边做笔记
2.The studentstook notesas theylistened.我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴
3.As wetalked on,he gotmore andmore excited.奋小姑娘们一边走,一边唱
4.The littlegirls sangas theywent.
5.Just ashe caughtthe ball,there wasa tearingsound.当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只是一个次要的时间说明,as as不像从句有强调动作本身的意思因此,常常翻译成“随着……〃之意whilewhileas例如随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕
1.As the time wenton,the weathergot worse.
2.The atmospheregets thinnerand thinneras theheight increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄
3.As yearsgo by,China is getting strongerand richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生,从句也可以用正在进展时这只能算是特例as了
1.The sadmother saton theroadside,shouting asshe wascrying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫喊正当我们出门时,雪开场下起来
2.As wewere goingout,it began to snow.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了
3.He came in as I wasgoingto bed.
四、的互换when,while,as如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,可when,while,as以互换使用
1.When AVhilc/As wewere dancing,a strangercamein.当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来[为延续性动词]dance
2.When/While/As she was makinga phonecall,I waswriting aletter.当她在打时,我正在写信[为延续性动词]make
3.While/When/As Iwas walkingdown the street,I noticeda policecar infront of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车
五、比拟while,when,as)引导短暂性动作的动词1as,when例如Just as/Just when/When Istopped mycar,a mancame upto me.我刹车后,有一个人向我走来)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用引导这个从句,不可用或2when aswhileo例如When youhave finishedyour work,you mayhave arest.干完活后,你可以休息一下)从句表示“随时间推移连词能用不用或3as,when while例如日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏As theday wenton,the weathergot worse.
(二)和引导的时间状语从句before after是主句动作发生在从句的前面注意引导的从句不再用否认式的谓语,并
1.Before before且当引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才〃还要注意主句和从句之before间的时间关系当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果引导的从句谓语用before的是过去时,那么主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便表达动作发生的先后表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与
2.After before引导的从句相反例如.他们要过四天才能回来It willbe fourdays before they come back爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我Einstein almostknocked medown before he sawme..我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了My fatherhad leftfor Canadajust before the letterarrived他们结婚还不到四个月就离They hadnot beenmarried fourmonths before theyweredivorced.婚了你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎After youthink itover,please letme know what youdecide.样决定的已完成工作之后,我们回家了〔从句用过去完After wehad finishedthe work,we wenthom成时,主句用一般过去时)
(三)比拟和的用法until till此两个连词意义一样肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时〃,动词必须是延续性的否认形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事〃动词为延续性或非延续性都可以正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否认式肯定句我一直睡到半夜时醒了I sleptuntil midnight.等着我叫你Wait tillI callyou.(在肯定句中可用代替例如)before Let*sgetin thewheat beforethe sunsets.否认句她直到点才到She didn*t arriveuntil6oclock.6公共汽车停稳后再下车Dont getoff thebus untilit hasstopped.直至你教我后,我才会做I didntmanage todo ituntil youhad explainedhow.Ll区别)可用于句首,而通常不用于句首1until till例如Until youtold me,I hadheard nothingof whathappened.直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道)疑问句中,要放在句首例如3until whenuntil一你呆到什么时候Until whenare youstaying呆到下周一---Until nextMonday.注意否认句可用另外两种句式表示〕..在句首,主句用倒装4Not untiL例如Not until the earlyyears ofthe19th centurydid manknowwhatheat is.直到世纪初,人类才知道热为何物19直到工作,Not untilI beganto workdid Irealize howmuch timeI hadwasted.才认识到我已蹉蛇了许多岁月〕5It isnot until...that....例如It wasnot untilI beganto workthat Irealized howmuch timeI hadwasted.四巧辨和before until在日常英语教学中,我们遇到学生问这样的一些问题l.He willspend sixhours athis deskhefinishes hiscomposition.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when2,The bikehit thetree I could getoff.
3.1knockedatthedoorfor morethan fiveminutes Mrswhite answeredit.
4.It wasyesterday bethe secret.;;;;A.not untilthat knewB.until whenknew;;;;C.not before that foundD.beforethatdidnt find怎样才能清楚地解释其选择的原因,这就涉及到与的区别问题实际上,until before只要我们把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的,还是延续性的,肯定式,还是否认式两大点,就能容易地解决这类问题现详细说明如下
一、在以下情况下,两者可互换用,但含义略有不同表示“在……之前〃的意思,强调before时间先后关系;而表示“直到……才〃的意思,主句是肯定句那么表示主句动作的until终止时间;主句是否认句那么强调主句动作的起始时间.主句为否认式终止1性谓语动词常见的动词是open,start,leave,arrive,finish,等例如stop lThenoise ofthestreetdidnt stopuntil/before itwas midnight.2The childrenwont comeback until/before itis dark.31didn*t leavethe lovelyboy until/before hismother came home..主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词,这类动词用等例如2stand,stay,talk,be,wait lHelived withhisparents until/before hegraduated fromschool.21will waituntil/before he comes tomy help.31shall stayheer until/before youcomeback.
二、在以下情况下,用不用.主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词,只用before until1before彳列lHe fellasleep before Icouldtake offhis clothes.o2We arrivedthere beforeit atartedto rain.3The holidaycame to the endbefor I knew it.4He almostknocked medown before he sawme..主句谓语动词强调动词的缓慢性,只用常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示例:3before,lItwas quitesome time beforehefound theelephant atall.2We hadwalked a long waybefore wefound somewater.3We hadsailed fortwo daysbefore wesaw theland.4The firelasted aboutfour hoursbeforethefirefighters couldcountrol it.5It wasmidnight beforemy brothercamehome.6It wasthree monthsbefore theymet again..如果强调从句谓语动作未发生,就发生主句谓语动作,只用常译为“未4before及〃,“不〃或不等……就〃例lWe canleave earlyin themorning beforeit getstoo hot.21must writeit downbeforeIforget it.3We dowant tobuy somethingnow beforeprices goup..表与其说……倒不如〃,“与其……毋宁……〃只用例5before11would giveup myjob beforePd agreetobedismissed.2He willdie ofhunger beforehe willsteal..在某些特定句型中用例如6beforelIt wasnot longbeforethewhole countryrose up.2It willprobably notbe longbeforetheyunderstand eachother.
三、以下情况一般区别用until.主句是持续性谓语动词时;肯定、否认都可以,但意义完全不同肯定表动作终1止,而否认表动作开场例如我们一直讨论到他回来1We discussedthe problem until/beforehe came back.我们一直等到他回来后才讨论2We didntdiscuss theproblemuntilhecame back.问题句型尽管在某些情况下可与互换用,但在强调句中一般仍用
2.not...until beforeuntilo例如lIt wasnot untilhe toldme that Iknewit.2It wasnot untilhe finishedhis homeworkthat hewent home.综上所述,前面的条选择题中,第、题强调动作发生的缓慢性应选第413beforeo题表动作未及发生就发生主句动作也应选第题为强调句应选项2before4Ao五其他时间状语从句的用法,由引导的时间状语从句1since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词一般情况下,从since句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时但在+时间+从句It issince的句型中,主句多用一般现在时例吧自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了I havebeen in Beijing sinceyou left.自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了Where haveyou beensince Ilast sawyou我妹妹不在北京住有四年了It isfour yearssince mysister livedin Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了It isfive monthssince ourboss was inBeijing.知识扩展从以来多长时间了因为从句或名词,表示一段时间
1.It issince since+,从我们上次见面已经五年了It isfive yearssince wemet lasttime才
2.It is+before***oooIt wasalongtimebeforeI wentto sleepagain.过了很长时间我才睡着It wasan hourbefore=untilthe police arrived.过了一个小时,警察才来.由等引导的2as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the instant,the minute,时间状语从句这些连词都表示“一……就〃例如吃完早饭,我立即到那里去I willgo theredirectly I have finishedmy breakfast,.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点The momentI heardthenews,I hastenedto thespot我一到加拿大,就给你来As soonasIreach Canada,I willring youup..由引导的时间状语从句3by thetime注意时态的变化在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时例如.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了By thetime youcame back,I hadfinished thisbook你明天来这儿的时候,我By thetime youcome heretomorrow,I willhavefinishedthis work.将已经完成此工作了注意在时间状语从句中,when whileas afterbefore as soonassince till/until bythetime要注意时态一致一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时
六、练习在以下各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1.hecomestomorrow,I shallask wherehe hasbeen.
2.hewasspeaking,everybody listenedcarefully.
3.I sawher justshewasgetting offthe train.
4.Have agood lookat thatman youpass him.
5..It wasalready eighto,clock wegot there.
5.1was about to gooutavisitor came.
7.Well go tothecountry atthe beginningof June,the summerharvest willstart.
8.He learnedto speakGerman hewasinBerlin.
9.Henry isin chargeoftheoffice Mr.Smith isaway.
9.11listen tothe recorderIhavetime.
11.He hadlearned Chinesehecameto China.
12.the workwas done,we satdown tosum upexperience.
1.11haven*t seenhim hemoved tothe otherside ofthe town.
1.21waited hecameback.
15.It wasnot hetook offhis eyeglassesthatIrecognized him.
16.She likeseverything tobe inplace shestarts towork.
17.The thievesran awaythey caughtsight ofthepolice.
18.They decidedto goback hometheir moneyran out.
19.We playedoutside tillsunset,it beganto rain
1..I gettothe airport,I willphone youto pickme up.
21.They wereabout toleave itbegantorain.
22.He alwaysstay inbed lunchtime.
23.1like playingtennis myyounger sisterprefers watchingball games.
24.I understandyour viewpoint,I dontagree withyou.
25.she grewolder,she becamemore responsible.
二、从、、、中选出可以填入空白处的最正确答案ABC D
1.It wasquiet thosebig trucksstarted comingthrough thetown.A.before B.after C.until D.unless
2.It seemedonly secondsthe boyfinished washinghis face.A.when B.before C.after D.even if
3.Hardly hadhe reachedthe schoolgate thebellrang.A.while B.when C.as D.as soonas
4.you begin,I thinkyou mustcontinue.A.When B.Whenever C.Once D.Even if
5.1remembered youI sawyou attheairport.A.the momentB.while C.after D.once
6.He wasabouttogotobed thedoorbell rang.A.while B.as C.before D.when
7.1listen toyour advice,I getinto trouble.A.Every timeB.When C.While D.Until
8.JohnwaswatchingTV,his wifewas cooking.A.As B.As soonas C.While D.Till(果园)
9.The childrenran awayfrom theorchard theysaw theguard.A.the momentB.after C.before D.asKey:
24.While
1.When
2.While/When
3.as
25.A
4.when/as
5.when
6.whens
7.when
8.while
9.while
10.whenever
11.before
二、
1.C
2.B
3.
12.After
13.since
14.till/until
15.until
16.before
17.assoonas
18.before
19.when
20.As soonas
21.when
22.until
23.whileB
4.C
5.A
6.D
7.A
8.C
9.A。