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年高考英语总复习高中英语定语从句考点202301概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句02定语从句三要素”,先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
①指人的先行词
②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情He passed the driving test,which surprisesall of〃s.替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词I stillthe daywho Ifirst caw\e to八Bcijg.(wke八二o八which)2WkcKC在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place,spot等Cav\you telli^\e the office wherehe workswkcre=i八which3Wkg在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有七〃s八.I dontwaint tolisten toaiay reasonwhg youwere absent.why=for which关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★★Wkc%引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如cnsc情形,situation,posit io,stage阶段,point地步等八位置Wkat arethe situationbody languageis the oi^ly fornAofcocation在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式此时where=m which
6.几个特殊的先行词Ow〃g在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/以which/不填The wayin which/that/不填ke explainsthe sentenceto usisquite simple.比较The waywhich不填he toldto uswas quitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语2先行词ti,me time表示次数”时,用关系代词tl^at引导定语从句This is the firsttMe that the presidet visited八the country.t/Yvu作一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词whenThis wasthe tikvxewhen tMerewere八radios,八telephonesor八TV sets★此时wMen=during wkick在..期间(与先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4种引导方式whg/for不填This isthe reasonwkg/for wkick/tkat/不填he cav\inot coi^\ekcrc.比较Is thisthe reasontk〃t/wkk/不填he explainedto usfor hisabsencefrok theconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语
7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+wkick指物介词指人★该结构介词的选用原则1根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Tkis isthe book八which Ispent$
8.This isthe bookFor wkickI paid$
8.2根据先行词的搭配习惯I匕CMCMbcr thedays duringwhich Ilived,there.I theday八which Igraduated frokivevsitg.A八O根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorlessgas withoutwkick we cav\t liveis called.oxygen.4英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词Here isthe恒八eg withwkick tobuy thepia She isthe right八.person八wkoM todepend注意
①如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略The personwhoi^/who/that youwill writeto isTodd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after;takecaire of;se4for;hear of/about dealwith等八This isthe babytkat youwill lookafter.8,定语从句的主谓一致为当先行词是八of+复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The CjireatWall isone of the world-famous buildingstkxatdraw lotsof visitoreveiry year.2当先行词是the八也十八e of+复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式The GreatWall isthe八也八eofthe buildings八the eartk\「that issec八the八.KOM M3先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数direat changesk\ave takei^place iv\C\^\v\a,as isknown toall.He haspassedthedrivingtest,which surprisesall ofus.d定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为或wd形式The girlwho isd〃八ci八g nowjust returnedfrom Taiwan.I lovethe storieswhich werewritten byHei^iingway.The w\av\wkst4八ds standingthere isMg fried.八定语从句的解题方法1判断从句是否为定语从句先行词,关系词,定语从句2准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分主、宾、表、定、状从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意
①关系代词whose的用法Wkose在定语从句中做定语当先行词是人whose=the+名词+of wk恒当先行词是物whose=the+名词+of whichDyouknow theboy whoseparents/the parentsof wkoKAare八holidayrd likea roow\whose window/the windowof whichfaces thesea.
②Tk“t引导定语从句,名词性从句和强调句型的区别定语从句中的tk\at关系代词,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分名词性从句中的协冠从属连词,只起连接主从句的作用,在从句中不做句子成分强调句中的that,运用于it is/was...tk4t..结构;判断标准:去掉强调句型结构,成分仍然完整比较This isthe book that Iaw^looking for.It is at BashotMiddle schoolthat I k\ave studiedfor threeyears.(that和前面的it is构成强调句型)The factthat stolethe作八eg surprisedall ofus.(that引导名词性从句一同位语从句)Tl^at MewiltCOHACto thecoh八cc k〃s excited,all ofus.(that引导名词性从句一主语从句)Wc allexpect thattheg wi〜for Membersof theirteai^\arestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)The reasonfor yourfailure isthat youlack confidenceinyourse/f.(that引导名词性从句一表语从句)
2.关系词引导定语的词1关系词的作用
①替代前面的先行词替代作用
②连接主句和定语从句连接作用
③在定语从句中作句子成分成分作用2关系词的分类
①标准根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词在从句中做主,宾,表,定tkdt/which/wko/wkowv/wkose/qs
③关系副词在从句中作状语Wkch/wkere/wkg
3.定语从句用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子
1.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a teack\e^w〃works at〃匕school.
2.非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开Beijing,which isthe capita]of Cki=4,is abeaottifod citywitha loi^g history.比较He hastwo sogwkwork mthe sawucoi^pai^y.He hasoiaty two sons.He kastwosonswkwork mthe sa^vxe coi^pai^y.Perhaps kctwoMore sohs04定语从句的1个难点
1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)O)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She isthe girl/that)//ovcd before.(可以省略wko^/tk狗
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is八logger theboyke asedto be.(可以省略that)O)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略HousMg priceisaproblem(tk〃t/wkick)people〃匕c interestedin.比较Housing priceisaprohlei^in wkickpeople are MtCHested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)
2.先行词是人(thnt/wh的区别)(乃用that的情况
①以疑问词wk开头的句子中Who isthe八〃土is sko七八g thereHAQ
②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisot thegirl thatshe otsedto be.八
③先行词被the veryjthe right,theoi^ly修饰This isthe verypersonth〃2we lookingfor.2用wk的情况
①先行词是八0,八%anybodyj all,八八c,those等Those whow4土to goto theci八CM”will laaveto waitat thegateoftheschool.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了协〃上另外一个用wkWko isthe boytha七won thegold
③在there be结构中There are6mg go”八g八who“g〃,八st%沁.HA MC
④在非限定性定语从句当中丁小whis kgbest4,kas gabroad tostudy.汨八八
3.先行词是物(加让/which的区别)O)用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中She lostthe whichdepressed hergreatly.
②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The penwith whichyou writeis Jacks.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用Ha上另一个用which.Let skowyou theisovel thatI borrowedfrok thelibraryMCwhich isnewly opento us.2用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few八八g,evergthi gnothing,八八,八one等八She didall thatshecocdd tohelp us.
②先行词被a{\,every,v\o,little,the hevery,theright,the八回last等所修饰时This isthe verybook thatI w6mt.
③先行词中既有人又有物时She describedin hercomposition thepeoplea4Me places八that沁pressed kevMost.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This isthe bestbookthatIk\ave everread.This isthe firstfilm thatIve sec八since Icawe Mere.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用wkick,另外一个用thatHe builta factorywhich produced,things that八bee八CMCKsec八before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词wk3另一个用thatWkis theperson thatis smdi八g atthe gate
4.AS引导定语从句用法aAs既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等常用于以下句型当中S〃ck/s..…4s….像..…一样the snwu....as...和同样的A computeris solAsefod ahca$wecav\useeveryday.He is八tthesawe M6m ashe WQS.2引导非限制性定语从句,此时译为“正如,像”等可以放在句首,句中或句末As Ithere werea netbar kcrc.Taiwan isav\inseparable partof Cki八〃,as isknown toall.★tk\e SQMC〃s…和the S4MC tk4t…引导定语从句的区别This isthe sakvxebike thatI lostyesterday.同一事物This isthe sakvxehike asI lostyesterday.同类事物
5.关系副词的运用1Wkc八在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的方沁e,day等。