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高中英语语法精讲连系动词后接不定式及常考连系动词关于连系动词后接不定式■连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语My dreamis to be ascientist.我的梦想是当一名科学家All youhave todo isto listen.你只需要听■seem,appear,prove,turn out,grow等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)短语作表语The manseemed to be ill.这个人好像病了The planproved to be useful.这个计划证明是有用的He appearsto knowthis.他好像知道这一点The weatherturned outto befine.天气结果很好He hasgrown to like studyingEnglish.他渐渐喜欢学英语To若所接不定式为tbe,通常可以省略■sound,smell,feel,taste,become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式误These orangestaste to be good.(应去掉to be)误The rosessmell to be nice.(应去掉to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be,但以省略to be为普通关于副词用作表语原则上说,连系动词后接形容词作表语,不接副词作表语如:误His Englishis verywell.他的英语很好(应将well改为good)在名词前通常要用seem to be尤其是当名词前带有定冠词或物主代词修饰时,如以下各句中的to be均不能省略如He seemed to be the ownerof thecar.他好像就是车主I spoketo aman whoseemed to betheboss.我跟一个人说话,他看上去像是老板Washing thecar seems to beyour mainhobby.洗车似乎是你的主要爱好但是,在着重表现主观感受的名词短语前,有时可以省去tobe此o时名词前通常会有一个描绘性形容词修饰如It seems to be a goodidea.那似乎是个好主意It seems to bea realbargain.这东西似乎很便宜下面一句中的fool前虽然没有形容词修饰,但a fool本身相当于形容词foolish He seemsto bea fool.他似乎是个笨蛋
三、后接非谓语动词时后接不定式的被动式时,有时可以省略to be,而只保留过去分词尤其是当其中的过去分词可用作形容词时更是如此如Ann andRobert seem to bemade foreach other.安和罗伯特真似天生的一对She didn,t seem to beconvinced bythe argument.这个论点似乎没有使她信服但后接不定式的进行式时,通常不能省略to be,因为seem后习惯上不接现在分词作表语所以,下面各句中的to be均不宜省略History seemsto berepeating itself.历史似乎在重演He seemsto besaying something.他似乎在说什么His healthseemsto be improvinglittle bylittle.他健康状况看来正在好转注如果seem to be doingsth结构中的doing不是现在分词,而是形容词,则可省略其中的to be如His ideaseemsto be exciting.他的主意看来令人激动She seemedto belacking inenthusiasm.她似乎缺乏热情
四、与there be结构连用时当seem用于there be结构时,其通常的表现形式为There seemsto be-,其中的tbe可以省略,也可以保留,但以保留为多见如There seemsto besomething wronghere.这儿好像有点不大对劲There seemsto bea mistakein thesefigures.这些数字中好像有个错误There seemedto benobody about,so Iwent in.附近似乎没有人,因此我就走了进去There seemsto beevery reasonto believethat businesswillget better.看来完全有理由相信生意会转好注省略to be后,seem便直接充当了be的作用
五、后接表语形容词时在作表语用的以a-开头的形容词前通常不能省略to be如He seemedto bealone.他似乎是一个人The childrenseem tobe asleep.孩子们似乎睡着了The childrenseemedtobe awakewhen Iwent intotheir room.在我进屋时,孩子们似乎醒了误Be carefully.小心点(应将carefully改为careful)误The souptastes nicely.这汤味道不错(应将nicely改为nice)但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,这主要限于in,on,off,out,away,behind,up,down,over,through,around,round,below,inside,outside等少数副词小品词以及here,there,upstairs,downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词Is yourmother in你母亲在家吗?Everyone ishere now.现在大家都到齐了I mustbe offnow.我现在得走了系动词run的用法run用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配如■run coldMyblood ran cold.我的血都凉了The sightof thedead bodymade hisblood runcold.他看见尸体不禁毛骨悚然The waterrancoldwhen Iturned thetap on,我把水龙头打开,水就凉了■run dryThewell randry.这口井干枯了The littlepond randry.那座小池塘干涸了The RiverWey randry duringthe recentdrought.近来天气干旱,韦河干涸了■run highFeelingsagainst himran high反对他的情绪高涨Feeling overthe dismissalran high.对解雇事件群情鼎沸Passions ranhigh asthe electionapproached.选举日期临近,人们情绪很高涨■run looseThelion has run loose.狮子从笼子里跑出来了■run lowThepetrol srunning low.汽油快用完了We,re runninglow onpetrol.我们的汽油不多了Our suppliesare runninglow.我们的供应品不多了■run riotThecrowd ran riot in the streets.群众在街上乱跑Football hooligansranriotthrough thetown.闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为Inflation isrunning riotand pricesare out of control.通货极度膨胀,物价失去控制■run shortIhave runshort ofmoney.我缺钱Go andget somemore oilso wedon,t runshort.去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了I mlate forwork everyday andI mrunning shortof excuses.我每天迟到,现在找不到什么藉口了■run smallTheseshirts runsmall,这些衬衫小了■run strongThetide wasrunning strong.潮水上涨了■run wildTheviolets arerunning wildintheflower bed.紫罗兰在花圃里乱长Those boyshave beenallowed torun wild.那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮■有时跟副词或介词短语My contractruns outin September.我的合同九月份到期Our suppliessoon ranout.我们的供应品很快用完The trucksrunoutofgas again.卡车又没有汽油了系动词fall的用法fall用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词或名词搭配如■fall asleepThechild soonfell asleep.孩子很快睡着了While hewas studying,he fellasleep.他念书念得睡着了He fellasleep with the lightstill burning.灯还开着他睡着了He saidthat ifhe fellasleep atthe wheelshe wasto wakehimup.他说,如果他在开车时打瞌睡,她必须把他叫醒■fall illTomsuddenly fell ill yesterday.汤姆昨天突然病了He hasfallen ill.他病了He wasto havebeen thenew ambassador,but hefellill.他本来要出任新大使,但是病倒了■fall silentHefell silent.他静了下来At thePresidentJ sentry everyonefell silent.总统进来时大家都安静下来■fall a victimHe fellavictimto hercharms.他成了她魅力的受害者Lots ofpeople fellvictims tofascism.许多人成了法西斯的受害人■fall preyThezebra fellprey tothe lion.那斑马被狮子捕食She wasprey toirrational fears.她遭受着无端恐惧的折磨系动词rest的用法rest用作连系动词只限于和少数形容词搭配如■rest amysteryThe affairrests amystery.这件事一直是个谜■rest easyResteasy.不要紧张■rest assuredYou can rest assured that I will do mybest.你放心,我会尽力Youcanrest assuredthatI11do mybest.你可以放心我会尽力而为的You mayrest assuredthat everythingpossible isbeing done.你尽管放心,正在尽力把一切都做好You mayrest assuredthat1willdoeverything Icall tohelpyou.你可以相信我会尽力帮助你的■rest thusThematter reststhus—that youare responsiblefor thedamage.事实仍然是这样一一你得对损坏负责系动词continue的用法continue可用作连系动词,其后可接形容词、介词短语等如:■接形容词He continuedsilent.他继续沉默着We hopethe weatherwi11continue fine.我们希望天气继续很好It didnot seemlikely that he wouldcontinue longin thatposition.他似乎不太可能长期留在这个职位■接介词短语Mother continuesin weakhealth.母亲身体仍然很虚弱He continuesin goodcondition.他的健康情况仍然良好After hisillness theMinister continuedin officethoughhe wasno longerup tothe work/up todoing thework.部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了系动词come和go■come和go都可用作连系动词,表示事物状态的变化The handlehas comeloose.这个把柄松了This envelopehas comeunstuck.这封信开了Wrong nevercomes right.错的永远不会变成对的Your shoe-laces havecome undone.你的鞋带散了The packageis aboutto comeunwrapped.那个包快散开了The childrenwent wildwith excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂She wentpale atthe news.听了这消息她脸色变得苍白He wentmad inthe end.最后他疯了Fish soongoes badin hotweather.大热天鱼很容易坏The childrenmust notgo hungry.孩子们不应挨饿■两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点,有时还可从好坏方面去区别即come用于“好”的变化,g用于“坏”的变化如The meathas gonebad.这肉变味了Something hasgone wrongwith theradio.这收音机什么地方出了毛病Things willcome right.一切会顺利地进行Iler dreamhas cometrue.她的梦想实现了■表示人的生理变化通常用goo如go blind变瞎go deaf变聋go grey两鬓渐白但是go通常不与old,ill,tired等连用become后可接哪些词■become用作连系动词,意为“成为”,其后可接
1.名词They becamegreat friends.他们成了莫逆之交He aimsto become a computerexpert.他打算当一名电脑专家She hasbecomeapainter ofdistinction.她成了一名杰出的画家
2.形容词She becamevery fondof her.她变得非常喜欢她了He soon became angry.他过了一会儿就生气了She hasbecome familiarwiththehouse.她对这房子已变得很熟悉I vebecome usedto avegetarian diet.我已习惯于素食
3.过去分词They hadjust becomeengaged.他们刚刚订婚At lastthe truthbecame knownto us.我们终于知道了真相The roomsoonbecamecrowded.房间很快变得拥挤起来Jamie wasbecoming annoyedwith me.杰米变得对我不高兴起来■其后一般不接不定式他开始对生物感兴趣了误He became tobeinterested inbiology.正He becameinterested inbiology.于是我们开始喜欢他了误Then webecametolike him.正Then webegan[came]tolikehim.appear的用法appear用作连系动词,其意为“似乎”“好像”,其后的表语可以是■不定式He appearedtobetalking tohimself.他仿佛在跟自己讲话She didn,t appearto knowanything aboutit.她似乎对此一无所知They appearedtobesatisfied withthe result.他们似乎对结果感到满意They aren,tasclever asthey appeartobe.他们并不像他们看起来那样聪明There appearstobelittle enthusiasmfor youridea.人们好像对你的想法不大热心There seemstobesomething wronghere.这儿好像有点不大对劲■形容词He appearedquite well.他显得身体相当好He appearsquite rich他似乎相当富有To compromiseappears advisable.看来以妥协为好■名词He didnt wantto appearafool.他不愿显得像个傻瓜It appearsa truestory.这似乎是一件真事■从句It appearsthatheforgot tosign theletter.他似乎忘记在信上署名了It appearsthat theplane didnot landin Rome.似乎飞机并未在罗马着陆seemtobe中的tobe何时可以省略
一、后接形容词时当seem后接形容词作表语时,如果谈的是客观事实,即看上去肯定是真实的东西,通常用seemtobe;如果谈的是主观印象,则通常只用seem但由于这种区别在没有上下文的情况下并不总是很清楚,所以在许多情况下两个结构均可以用如He seemstobeill.他似乎生病了He seemstobequite happy.他似乎很高兴He seemstobequite rich他似乎相当富有She seemstobevery sleepytoday.今天她看上去很困倦但在有些情况下,由于其语境比较特殊,可能用其中一个结构比另一个结构更合适,如下面一句中的seems后最好不用tobeHeseemsolder thanhe is.他看上去比实际年龄大
二、后接名词时。