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新概念英语第一册语法总结(上)[八种时态]一\时态一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时一般现在时
1.表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实含有动词的句子beHe isa teacher.The girlis very beautiful.Tim andJack arestudents.★变疑问句将动词移到句首beIs hea teacherIsthe girlvery beautifulAreTim andJack students★变否定句在动词后面加be notHave you been to BeijingHavehe seenthe film)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作3I havelived inBeijing fortwenty years.I haveworked forthis schoolfor1year.)表示一种经历,经验去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情4I havenever had a bath.I havenever seena film.I havenever beento cinema.I haveever beento Paris.Havebeen to表示去过,have gone to表示去了(人已经回来)I havebeentoLondon.(人还在那里)He hasgonetoLondon.)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用5I havelost mypen.I havehurt myself.He hasbecome a teacher.She hasbroken myheart.句型变化★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Have youlost yourpen I have notlost mypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I have.No,I havenot.★特殊疑问句What haveyou doneWhathas hedone一般过去时与现在完成时的区别凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错V对ve leftBeijing for3days.I leftBeijing3days ago.I havebeen awayfrombeing for3days.一般将来时
5.表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,next year,the dayafter tomorrow,the year,表矫格来联用结构主after the next,in fivehours h语+助动词动词原形wiH+I will go to America tomorrow.The pilotwill fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack willmove into his new house tomorrow morning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go toAmerica tomorrowWillthe pilotfly toJapan themonth afterthenextWill Jackmove into his newhouse tomorrowmorning★变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go toAmericatomorrow.The pilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jack willnot moveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No,I willnot.Yes,he/she will.No,he/she willnot.Yes,he will.No,he willnot.★特殊疑问句What will you do过去完成时
6.用法在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时结构过去分词had+After she had finished her homework,she wentshopping.They hadsold thecar before I askedthe price.The trainhad leftbeforeIarrived at the station.引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不After/before用加★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had shefinished herhomework★变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadntfinishedherhomework.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,she hadnt.★特殊疑问句What hadshe done过去进行时
7.表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在引导的状语从句中when,while,as结构was/were+doingWhen myhusband wasgoing intothe diningroom thismorning,he droppedsome coinson the floor.While wewere havingdinner,my fatherwas watchingTV.过去将来时
8.结构would doShesaid shewould gohere thenext morning.新概念英语第一册语法总结(中)[句型和词]二.特殊句型句型,结构there bebe going to结构
1.Be going to表示打算,准备,计划做某事★结构主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型I amgoing tomake a bookcase.They aregoing topaintit.The fatheris going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going tomake a bookcaseAre theygoing topaint itIsthe fathergoing togive thebookcase tohis daughter★变否定句在be动词后面加notlam notgoing tomake a bookcase.They aregoing topaintit.The fatheris notgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I am.No,I amnot.Yes,they are.No,they are not.Yes,he is.No,he is not.★特殊疑问句What areyougoingto doWhat are theygoingto doWhat isthe fathergoingto do(必背)句型
2.There be表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There is+There isa book in this room.There isa penon the table复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are+There aretwo pens on thetable.There arethree schoolsthere.★变疑问句将动词移到句首beIs therea bookin thisroomAre theretwo pensonthetable★变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not abookinthisroom.There are not twopensonthetable.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,there is.No,there is not.No,Yes,there are.there arenot.三.问句一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句一般疑问句助动词动词+主语2/beAre youa teacherDo you want to have acup oftea特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句2What isyour name2选择疑问句orDo youwant beefor lamb反意疑问句肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分2You dontneed thatpen,do you否定疑问句一般疑问句+否定词2Arent youlucky Dontyouwanthave a rest四.冠词用法的一般用法(详细见笔记)a/an/the五限定词・some,any,many,much修饰可数名词或不可数名词,用于肯定句,用于否定句和疑问句,2some,any some any注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some2many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用在否定句中表示很多用a lotof,many,much.I have a lotof money.I donthave muchmoney.六.名词种类,复数,名词所有格名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1.不可数名词2无法分开的东西:(米)water,tea,bread,milk,rice抽象的东西(寒冷)love,beauty,coldness不可数名词有以下特点不能用修饰
1.a,an不能加
2.s,和单数动词或动词搭配3be2可数名词单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加名词复数共有以下s,几种变化规则变化的名词复数形式规则一般情况1+s一一e.g.shell shellsbook booksHe isnot ateacher.The girlisnotvery beautiful.Tim andJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he is.No,he isnot.Yes,she is.No,she isnot.Yes,they are.No,they arenot.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likesbooks.She likeshim.The dog likes bones.★变疑问句在句首加动词变为原型does,Does helike booksDoesshe like him规则以结尾2s,x,ch,sh+ese.g.fox—foxes church—churches,bus—buses,watch—watches规则以结尾或3+s+es一(口e.g.potato—potatoes,Negro Negroes,hero—hcrocs,tomato-tomatoes,诀黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),乘“下一般加s,radio—radios规则以结尾的,变为4f,fe f,fe vese.g.life—lives half^halves,shelf^shelves,city^cities,wife—wives规则以辅音字母结尾,变为5+y yi+ese.g.sky—skies fly—flies不规则变化的名词复数形式单数man womanfoot goosetooth复数men womenfeet geeseteeth单数child sheepdeer mousefish复数children sheepdeer micefish七.介词(注意总结书上词组)八.副词用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子如uThe bookis verygood.He runsfast.She camehere quiteearly.Certainly I willgowith you.变化u直接在形容词后加
1.-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,以辅音字母加结尾的形容词,把变力!
2.y yI,My,happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化
3.fast,hard,late有些词加上后意思与原词相差很远
4.-lyneary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,九.情态动词的使用can,must,may,might,need,.情态动词(能够),(必须),(可以)
1.can mustmay结构主语动词原型+can/must/may+He canmake thetea.Sally canair theroom.We canspeak English.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can hemake theteaCan Sallyair theroomCan wespeak English★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannotmake thetea.Sally cannotair theroom.We cannotspeak English.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he can.No,he cannot.Yes,she can.No,she cannot.Yes,we can.No,we cannot.★特殊疑问句What canyou do(必背)注意情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加So的区别
2.Mus^have to表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫must haveto的必要要做只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而可以用在任何时态must haveto do表示猜测:
3.must,may,might表示对现在事实的猜测表示对过去事实的猜测must domust havedone表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测must havebeen doing表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,的可能性更小may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone might表示不可能can^couldnt用法
4.need表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式I needa pen.Do youneed anybeer No,I dont.I need to have a rest.表示被动u Needdoing=need tobe done,The flowersneed watering.在否定时做情态动词使用NeedYou needntgo soearly.=You dontneedtogo soearly.Must Iclean thedesk rightnow No,you neednt.十.不定代词及不定副词:Some anyno everythingsomething anythingnothing everythingI lookedonesomeone anyoneanything everyonefor mybookwhere somewhereanywhere anywhereeverywhere everywhere,body somebodyanybody nobodyeverybody butI cantfinditanywhere.Ifyou wantgo somewhere,if youwant tobe someone,you mustwake up.Help!Somebody AnybodyYouare reallysomething.Since everybodyis here,lefs beginour class.Where didyougoI wentnowhere.Nobody isat home.I havenothingleft.新概念英语第一册语法总结(下)[句型和语法]感叹句H—.名词+主语+谓语What+Whatabeautiful girlshe is!形容词+主语+谓语How+How beautifulthe girlis!十二.祈使句第二人称其他人称代词let+祈使句的否定,力)[]ck nt反意疑问祈使句(第二人称)祈使句表示请求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调★肯定句动词原型例,Come here,please.Go downstairs,please.Standup.Sit down.Be quiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾Come in,Amy.Sit downhere,Tom.Mary,give me abookplease.★否定动词原型Dorft+Dont comehere.Dont sitdown.Dont standup.Dont giveme it.let sb.doLet mepass.Let ushave arest.Lets havearest.(反意疑问)Lefs havea walkalong the river,shall weLetus goout fora drink,willyou十三.倒装句的倒装so/neither eg.He canswim.So canI.I didntgo toclass.Neither didI.结构主语so/neither+be+助动词+主语so/neitheH情态动词+主语so/neither+一般现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进行时,am,is,are一般过去时,did现在完成时,have,has一般将来时,过去进行时,will,shall,was,were过去完成时,had过去将来时,would十四.直接引语相]接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化时态,人称,时间地点及指示词时态变化一般现在时——一般过去时现在进行时——过去进行时一般过去时——过去完成时现在完成时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时be goingtowas/were goingto/wouldcancouldmaymight时间地点及指示词的变化here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,the followingday,this-that...人称变化根据句意改变人称Does the doglike bones★变否定句在主语及动词之间加动词变为原型doesnt,He doesntlike books.She doesntlikehim.The dogdocsn^likebones.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.Yes,she docs.No,she doesntYes,it does.No,it doesnt.注意第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句S,时名词复数没有任何变化其他人称及复数名词I want tohavea bath.We havesome meat.The students like smart teachers.★变疑问句在句首加do十五.直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当He givesmeabook.间接宾语,直接宾语meabook直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词或to for主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give meabook.Give thebook tome.Send hisa letter.Send aletter to him.Show himthe new dress.Show thenewdresstohim.十六.从句宾语从句,定语从句(限定性),表语从句,状语从句(引导的真实条件句)if宾语从句如果宾语从句的主句中的动词为过去时,那么宾语从句中的时态要和主句统一;如果宾语从句为疑问词引导,那么语序要用陈述语序,即主语在前,动词在后定语从句表语从句状语从句(引导的真实条件句)主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时ifWhatwillyou doifyouwinalot ofmoneyIfit rainstomorrow,Iwillstay athome.十七.动词不定式做宾语及宾语补语的用法(详细用法请见)NECII结构to do,用法可以做除谓语以外的所有成分,语法上称之为非谓语动词做宾语在一些动词后常用不定式做宾语,例如want,like,ask,try...做宾补want sb.to do,ask sb.todo,like sb.todo...32Do youwant tohaveabathDo wehave anymeatDo thestudentslikesmart teachers★变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dontwanttohaveabath.We donthave anymeat.The studentsdont likesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I do.No,I dont.Yes,we do.No,we dontYes,they do.No,they dont.现在进行时
2.表示现在正在进行的动作构成主语动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)+beWe arehaving lunch.He isreading abook.The dogis running after a cat.The boysare swimming across theriver.★变疑问句将动词移到句首beAre wehaving lunchIshe readinga bookIsthe dogrunning aftera catArethe boysswimmingacross theriver★变否定句在动词后面加be notWearenothaving lunch.Heisnot readingabook.The dogisnotrunningafteracat.The boysare swimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑问句what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What areyou doingWhat is shedoingWhatisthedogdoing(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作表示感觉,感官的词
1.see,hear,like,love,want,当“拥有”讲时没有进行时
2.have,has一般过去时3,表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last night,the daybefore yesterday,3days ago,含有动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,的过去式为的过去式为be am,is was,are wereI was at the butchers.You werea student a year ago.The teacherwas verybeautiful ten years ago.★变疑问句将动词移动到句首beWere youatthebutchersWere youa studenta yearagoWas theteacher verybeautiful tenyears ago★变否定句在动词后面加be notI was notatthebutchers.You werenotastudenta yearago.The teacherwas notverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,you were.No,you werenot.Yes,he/she was.No,he/she wasnot.★特殊疑问句What didyou do(必背)不含有动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录beI finishedmy homework yesterday.The boywent toa restaurant.The Sawyerslived atKing Streeta yearago.King Streeta yearago.★变疑问句在句首加动词变为原型did,Did youfinish yourhomework yesterdayDidthe boygo toa restaurantDidthe Sawyerslive atKing Streeta yearagoKing Streeta yearago★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did notfinish myhomeworkyesterday.The boydid notgotoa restaurant.The Sawyersdid notlive atKing Streeta yearago.King Streetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,I didnt.Yes,he did.No,he didnt.Yes,they did.No,they didnot.现在完成时
4.构成主语+助动词过去分词have,has+用法)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和等时1just,usually,already,since间副词连用Ihavejust hadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)(不渴了,不用再喝)He hashadacup oftea.(不能再度假了)They havealready hadtheir holiday.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)The boyhas alreadyread thebook.)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时2Haveyoufinished yourhomework。