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现在完成时定义现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
一、基本结构谓语动词have/has+done其中have/has为助动词,done为动词过去分词;肯定They havefinished their task.否定They havenJt finished theirtask.疑问形式Have/Has+主语+done+其他?Have theyfinishedtheirtask回答用Yes,,•,have has./No,…haven thasn,t.
二、过去分词动词过去分词的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式;规则变化则同动词过去式的规则变化一样变化规则举例1一般在动词后加-ed p1ay-p1ayed-playedwant-wanted—wanted2以不发音的e结尾的加-d like-liked-liked1ive-lived-lived3以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加-ed carry-carried-carriedhurry-hurried-hurried4以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写字尾加p1an-p1anned-planned-edstop-stopped-stopped其不规则变化参照《动词不规则变化表》be-was/were-been go-went-gone
三、现在完成时应用
1.表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,其汉译常带有“完了,过了,已经”等意,I havespent allof mymoney.My fatherhas gone to work.
2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作用行为动词表示或状态be动词表示,常与for+时间段,since+过去的时间点或过去时的句子连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词如He haslived heresince
1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿They haveleanrt Chinesein thisschool for3years.他们在这个学校学汉语3年了【注意】
1.since用法作为介词,自从...以来,后面加时间点,与现在完成时连用He has been heresince three years ago.作为连词,自从...以来,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时I havetaught Englishin Chinasince Icame here.It is/has been+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)It isthreeyearssince Ileft Australia.
2.for和since用法区分for+时间段,累计的时间,一直进行多长时间since+时间点,某件事开始的时间They have been marriedfor tenyears.They have been marriedsince tenyears ago【练习1]用for和since填空
1.two years
2.two yearsago
3.last month
4.
19995.yesterday
6.4o clock
7.4hours
8.an hourago
9.wo werechildren
10.lunch time
11.she left hereThey havebeen buildingthe bridgefor twomonth.两个月来他们一直在修桥We haven,t gotany replyfrom herso far.我们迄今为止还没有收到她的回复【练习2】
1.Ifive bookssince Ijoined thebook club.A.am readingB.will readC.have read
2.—Do youknow SunshineTown verywel1,Mr Chen—Sure.I heresince I was born.A.has1ivedB.1ivedC.have livedIthe guitarever sinceI was8years old.A.playedB.have playedC.am playingTheancient townhas beenopen tovisitors abouttenyears.A.byB.forC.on四【短暂性动词与延续性动词】在英语中,短暂性动词不能与持续的时间连用,要转换成延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词catch acold have a coldputon wearborrowkeepbuy havecome/arrive/reach beherego betherefall illbe illdiebe deadfallasleep beasleepopen beopenclose beclosedget marriedbe marriedjoinbe inbegin/start beonfinish beoverI havebought thisbike for5years.(buy不能和5years连用)I haveheld thisbikefor5years.They havegot marriedsince
1999.(get married是短暂性动词,不能和段时间连用)-*They havebeen marriedsince
1999.[注意]短暂性动词的否定式可以与一段时间连用,因为否定式表示动作未发生,表示持续的状态,不与根本的产生原则冲突,比如最常见的一个日常用语Ihaventseenyouforalong time.【练习IJ
1.Li Honghas thearmy for2years.A.joined B.be in C.been in
2.We havebeen friendssince.A.chiIdren B.five yearsC.five yearsagoMikethe storyfor amonth.A.has boughtB.has hadC.had hadYouthat questionthree times.A.already askedB.have alreadyasked C.already haveasked
5.They inthe citysince lastsummer.A.liveB.didnt liveC.have livedMrs.Wang haslived inHaikou
1992.A.sinceB.fromC.afterMr.Black Chinasince thesummer of
1998.A.has been toB.has beeninC.has cometo
10.His fatherfor years.A.has diedB.has beendeadC.died五【辨析have goneto/havebeento/have beenin]have goneto:已经去了某地(人还没回来)Have beento:曾今去过某地(人已经回来)Have beenin:一直待在某地(可以与一段时间连用)-Where isJackI cant findhim.-He has gonetoBeijing on business.I havebeentoFrance three times.I thinkit isreally abeautiful country.It ssaid hehas beenin Japanfor threemonths.【练习3]
1.Mr.LiKunming.Hethe citythreetimes.This timeheKunming forthree days.A.hasbeento;hasgoneto;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeento;hasbeeninC.hasbeeni n;hasbeento;hasgoneto
2.—Whenwill your sistergoto England—SheLondon sincefour monthsago.A.went toB.has gonetoC.has beento I,hasbeen in
3.—May Ispeak toyour headmaster—Sorry,he isn*there.He toGuiyangonbusiness.A.have goneB.has goneC.havebeenin
4.—Where isyour uncleI haven,t seenhim for a longtime.—HeBeijing forabout halfa year.He movedthere inJanuary.A.has gonetoB.has beenin C.has arrivedin【巩固练习
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1.—Have youseen Dr.Adams recently—No.HeHong Kongfor animportant meeting.He11come backtomorrow.A.has gonein B.has beeninC.has goneto
2.—Where ismy sister,mum-She thelibrary andshe willbe backsoon.A.has beentoB.has gonetoC.is goingto
3.—Where isyour cousin—HeShanghai andhethere fortwo days.A.hasgoneto;has beeninB.heisgone to;has beenC.has beento;hasbeen
12.知识点分析】过去进行时态1用法
①过去某个时间正在发生的动作例He wascooking at six last night.昨天晚上六点,他正在做饭
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作例I wasstaying herefrom Marchto Maylast year.去年从3月到5月,我一直呆在这里
2.与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有at ninelast night/at thattime=then/at this time yesterday/或有when the teacher came in/while he was reading
3.过去进行时的构成was\were+现在分词
4.过去进行时的四个基本句型【课堂练习】
1.一I calledyou last night.But noone answered.—Oh,I TVat thattime.A.watchedB.am watchingC.will watchD.was watchingIthe violinat tenoclock thismorning.A.practiceB.were practicingC.am practicingD.was preicticing—Why didntyou answermyphone at8:00last night—Sorry,_.A.I goswimmingI amtaking ashowerB.I washanging outwith friends句型肯定句主语+was/were+doing+其它否定句主语+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑问句及答语Was/Were+主语+doing+其它肯定回答Yes,主语+was/were否定回答No,主语+was not/were not.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它举例肯定句He wascooking at six last night.否定句He wasnot cooking atsix last night.一般疑问句Was hecookingatsixlast night两回答Yes,hewas.No,he wasnt.特殊疑问句What washe doingatsixlastnight
5.过去进行时的固定句型when和while引导的时间状语,主句和从句动词时态问题
1.过去进行时描述一件事发生的背景;即一个动作延续时另一个短暂性动作同时发生,用when(用延续性动词或短暂性动词都可以)例I waswatching TVwhen thebell rang.我正在看电视突然铃响了Jim wasreading whentheteachercamein.当老师进来的时候,吉姆正在读书
2.过去进行时表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,用while(只用延续性动词)例The studentswere reading while theteacher waschecking theirhomew ork.老师在批改作业的时候,学生们在读书Jim wasreadingwhileKate waswatching TV.在凯特正在看电视的同时,吉姆正在读书Jim camein whileKate waswalching TV.在凯特正在看电视的时候,吉姆进来了
6.比较He watchedTV lastnight.(过去时间lastnight,用一般过去时)He waswatching TVat ninelastnight.(过去时间lastnight+点时间at nine,用过去进行时)【练习2】
1.一When didthe classroomhaveapower cut-This morning,while wea physicslesson.A.have hadB.were havingC.are having!),will have—What wereyou andyoursisterdoingat thistime yesterday,Lucy—I wasdoing myhomework shewas listeningto music.A.whenB.whileC.thatl).asWhile Iat thetraffic light,I sawTony helpingan oldmancross thestreet.A.waitB.am waitingC.was waitingl).wi11wait【巩固练习
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2.—Where wereyou atthistimeyesterday—My bikewas broken,so1it.A.repairedB.have repairedC.was repairingD.am repairingThegirl svoice wasaftercrying foran hour.A.dying downB.rising upC.going upD.going offStevenhis clogforawalk whenI calledhimyesterday afternoon.A.takesB.tookC.is takingD.was taking—What wereyou doingit wasraining-Iwaswriting aletter tomy penpal inmy bedroom.A.beforeB.whileC.i fD.after。