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虚拟语气课前拓展:
1、Bank holiday公共假期在英国国定节假日叫Bank holiday,在国定假日银行不开门2comingXof age不是时代来临,而是成年
3、full ofbeans不是到处都是豆子,而是精力充沛
一、语气的定义和种类
1、语气语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度
2、语气的种类1陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句如We arenot ready.我们没准备好What afine dayit is!多好的天气啊!2祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等如:Open thedoor,please请打开门3虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等如I如were you,I shouldstudy English,如果我是你,我就学英语了May yousucceed!祝您成功!
6.He actedas if he everythingin theworld.A.knew B.knows C.has knownD.won!t knowTheygot upearly inorder thatthey theirfirsttrain.A.caughtB.will catchC.might catchD.shall catch——Would youhave calledher uphadit beenpossible——Yes,but Ibusy doingmy homework.・A.wasB.wereC.had beenD.would beHistired facesuggested that he reallytired afterthelong walk.A.had beenB.wasC.be D.should beCACDDACAB
二、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
1.条件句有两类一类是真实条件句一类是虚拟条件句如If itdoesnt raintomorrow,we willgo to the park.他会问你这件事的If he had seenyou yesterday,he would have askedyou aboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的A.与现在事实相反were would/should/could/might+动词原形B.与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事°)
2、结构:C.与将来事实相反C.与将来事实相反动词过去式分词should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形were to+动词原形如If mybrother werehere,everything would be allright.要是我哥哥在这儿,一切者B没问题了If youhad takenmy advice,you wouldnftcouldn,t havefailed inthe exam.如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格如果If itwere Sundaytomorrow,I should would,could,might goto seemy grandmother.明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶经典例题
1.If Iwhere helived,I anote tohim.A.knew,wouldB.had known,would havesentC.know,would sendD.knew,would havesent
2.If theyearlier thanexpected,they herenow.A.had started,would beB.started,might beC.had started,would havebeenD.will start,might havebeen注主句中的只用于、但在美国英语中,常被代替;从句BA:*should Iwe,shouldwould中的可用于各种人称should**有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致表示错综时间的虚拟语气,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整例如:If youhad listenedto thedoctor,you would be allright now,如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在
3、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式1省略连词if在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装例如Should hecome Ifhe shouldcome,tell himto ringme up.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话Were Iyou If I wereyou,I wouldnot doit.我要是你,就不做这事经典例题
1.1didnt knowhis telephonenumber.it,I then.A.Had Iknown,would ringhim upB.Should Iknow,would haverung himupC.IfI knew;would ringhim upD.Had Iknown;would haverung himupWere Ito doit,I itsomeother way.A.will doB.would doC.would havedone D.were tododidnt knowhis telephonenumber,otherwise Ihim.A.had telephonedB.would telephoneC.wouldhavetelephoned D.telephoneDBC2用介词短语代替条件状语从句有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示例如Without airIf therewere notair,there wouldbe noliving things.如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了But for your help If ithadnt beenforyourhelpIcouldnt havedone it.要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事
三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法⑴、It is important strange,natural,necessanQthat…”这类句型里,that所弓I导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“khould十动词凝I”结构,表示某事是“重要“、“奇怪“、咱然“、“必要”等意义例如It isimportant thatevery membershould informhimself ofthese rules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则经典例题
1.It isimportant that we wildanimals.A.will protectB.should protectC.shall protectD.are protectingIt isimportantthatwe.A.shall close the window before we leaveB.will close the window before weleaveC mustclosethewindowbeforeweleave・D.closethewindowbeforewe leaveBD
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法:
1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词thatA.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)o如I wishIknewthe answertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案(可惜不知道);B.表示对过去情况的虚拟从句动词常用十过去分词:”had”如I wish(wished)I hadntspent somuch money.我后悔不该花那么多钱(实际上已经花掉)C.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would十动词原形”此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同如I wishit wouldstop raining.但愿雨能停止I wishyou wouldcome soon,但愿你立亥U来经典例题
1.We wishwe whatyou didwhen wewere athigh school.A.didB.could havedoneC.had doneD.should do.She wishesshe tothe theatrelast night.A.wentB.would goC.had goneD.were going.Tom isvery shortnow.His motherwishesthat hebe tallwhen hegrows up.A.could B.shouldC.would D.were ableto答案ccc
2.在succest,demand,order,propese,insist,command,request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形卜表示建议、要求、命令等^should+,如I demandthat heshould answerme immediately.我要求他立刻答复我经典例题.The teacherdemanded thatthe exambefore eleven.A.must finishB.wouldbe finished C.befinishedD.must befinished.She made the demandthatthe journalistsat onceIraq.A.leave;for B.leave;to C.left;to D.to beleft;for.The youngman insistedthat henothingwrong andfree.A.did;setB.had done;should be setC.should do;besetD.had done;must beset
4.I suggestedthere bea kindof languageall couldunderstand anduseA.can;itB./;/C.would;it D.may;/
5.The suggestionhas beenmadethebasketball gameput off.A.for;to B.that;be C.which;should beD.to;being.The doctorrecommended thatyou swimaftereating alarge meal.A.wouldnt.B.couldnt.C.neednt D.shouldnt.Our monitorrequested that.A.all the class studiedmore carefullythe problemtheproblem wasmore carefullystudiedB.with greatcare theproblem couldbe studiedalltheclassstudy theproblem morecarefullyCACBBDD
五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同例如Even ifhehad been ill,he wouldhave gonethis office.即使生了病,他俩去办公室2由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时从句谓语形式为动词的过去式be用were或“had十过去分词”如He treatedme asif Iwere astranger.She talkedabout thefilm asif shehad reallyseen it.她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样经典例题
1.He istalking somuch aboutAmerica asifhethere.A.hadbeenB.has beenC.was D.has gone【注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气】经典例题
1.The ordercame thatthe medicalsupplies toBeijing forthe Sarssoon.A.wouldbe sent B.should sendC.besentD.must besentAC
六、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:Itistime that…”句型中,意思是”该干某事的时候了”如Its high time wedid ourhomework.我们该做作业了经典例题1----What willyou doduring thesummer holiday---I dontknow,but itshightimesomething.A.Im decidingB.Til decideC.I decidedD.Idecide c课后练习him theanswer possible,but Iwas sobusy then.A.could tell;if ithad beenB.must havetold;were itC.should havetold;had itbeenD.should havetold;should itbe
2.You didnttake his advice.hisadvice,you sucha mistake.A.Had youtaken;wouldnft havemade B.If youhad taken;would makeC.Were youto take;shouldnt havemade D.Have youtaken;wont havemade
3.My sisteradvised methat Iaccept theinvitation.A.could B.mustC.should D.mightHe asksthathean opportunityto explainwhy hesrefusedto gothere.A.is givenB.must giveC.should giveD.be givenItis quitenatural thatmy cominglateagain themvery angry.A.had C.madeB.makesD.would makemake。