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一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表达频腮度的时间状语连用时间状语e very...,s ometime s,at...,o nSu ndayI1eave horn e for school at7every morning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实The e a r th moves a rou n d t h e sun.S h ang h ai lies in the e a st ofChina.3)表达格言或警句中P rid egoes b e fore a f a II.骄者必败注意:此用法假如出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时例:Co1umbus p r ove d that the e a r t h is roun d..4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性I d o ntwa nt s o much.Ann w a ngw ri tes goodEn glish but doe snot spea k well.比较:Now Iput thes ugari n th e cup.I amdoing myhomewo r k n o w.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表达言行的瞬间动作再如:Now w a tchme,I sw i tch o n the cu r r e nt and standb ack.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表达正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时
2.一般过去时的用法11i s s ugg est e d th a t...11is tak e n granted that...被视为当然11has b e en decided that…大家决定It mu s t be rem e mberth a t…务必记住的是11is s ai d that s he will1ea ve forWuhan o nTuesday.
14.延续动词与瞬间动词1)用于完毕时的区别延续动词表达经验、经历;瞬间动词表达行为的结果,不能与表达段的时间状语连用He hascomp1e t ed thewo rk.他已完毕了那项工作(表结果)「ve known him sincethen.我从那时起就结识他了(表经历)2)用于ti门/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句,表达”做……直到……瞬间动词用于否认句,表达”到……,才……He d id ntc o me ba cku n t i11e n o*clo ck.他到10点才回来He s1e pt un t il te n o5c lock.他一直睡到10点典型例题.Yo udont need to descr ibe he r.I he r severaltime s.A.ha dmet B.h av e m e t C.me tD.m eet答案B.一方面本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完毕时
2.---Im s o r r y to k e epyou wait i ng.Oh,not a t a
11.1h ere onl y a f ew minu tes.A.have bee nB.h ad beenC.was D.wi1I be答案A.等待的动作由过去开始,连续到现在,应用现・不定式作宾语1)动词+不定式a f f o rd aim app ea r agr ee ar r angea sk be dec i de b o t he r ca r echooseco med a r e d e m a nd desire determine e x p ect e1ec t e n deav o r hope fail happe nhelp hesitatelea r n longme anma nage offer oug ht planpre pare pr e t end promiserefu ses eem te nd waitwish unde r take举例T h e d r iv e rfa i1edt o s ee theo t h e r carin t i me.司机没能及时看见另一辆车I happe n to know t h ea n swer to yourques tion.我恰巧知道你那道问题的答案2)动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,c h oose,e x p e c t,hat e,he1p i nt end I i ke,love,n eedp refer,pr e pare,prom i se,w a nt,wis h...Hike to keep ever yt hi n g ti d y.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁I1ike y o u to ke ep e v e ryt h i n g t i dy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁I w a nt to sP eakto T om.我想和汤姆谈话I w a nt yo uto spe akt oTom.我想让你和汤姆谈话3)动词+疑问词+to decid e,k n ow,consider forg et,Ie a rn,remember,show,unders ta nd,s ee,wond e r,hea r,find o ut,exp1ain,t ellPleas eshow ushow todo tha t.请演示给我们如何去做Ther e are s o manykin d s of tap e-re c ord e r s o n sale thatI cantmake up my mindwhich t o buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种注意疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数The qu esti o n ishow to put i t i n to practi c e.问题是如何把它付诸实行
2.不定式作补语1动词+宾语+不定式to doadvi sea I1ow appo intb elieve cau s ec h a II en gec o mmand c ompe1consid e r d e clare d rive enabl eencourage find f orbidf orc egu es sh ir e ima gineim pe I i ndu c e i nform i nst r uct i n vi tejud ge know1i ke orderpe rmit persuad e r e mindr ep ort re que s t r equi res e I ect send s ta tesupp o s e te111hi n k trai n tru st understa nd ur ge w a rn例句a.Father w川not a11o wus t op1ay onth es t r eet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍b.W e believe him t ob eguilt y.我们相信他是有罪的Find的特殊用法:Fin d后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带t的动词不定式f i nd后也可带一个从句此类动词尚有g et,haveI f ou nd h imlying o nt h egrou nd.I f o und it importa nt t o learn.I foundth a t toI ear nE nglish is important.典型例题The ne x tm o rning sh e f o undthe m a n i nbed»dead.A.ly i ng B.li eC.1ay D.1ayi n g答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用现在分词表达积极,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动2)to+be的不定式结构,作补语的动词Ac kn o wledg e,be1ieve,c o ns ider,t hi nk,declare(声称),d iscov e r,f a ncy(设想),fee1f ind,guess,j udge,i m a gi n e,k now,p ro ve,see(理解),show,sup Pose,take(认为),u nders t andWecon s id er Tom to b eon eof thebe s ts tudents in o urc1ass.我们认为汤姆是班上最佳的学生之一典型例题Charles Babb age i sgen er a I1y c o nsidere dth e f irs tcomputer.A.t oi nv entB.invent i n gC.to h a vei nv ent e d D.hav i n gin v e nted答案:A.由consider t o do sth.排除B、D.此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即o可而C为现在完毕时,发明为点动词一般不用完毕时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C3to be+形容词S eem,a ppe a r,be said,b es uppose d,be be1i eved,b ethough t,be kn o wn,be re p ort ed,h ope,wi sh,d esire,wa nt,pl an,expe ct,me an...T he book is b elieved to be unin teresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思4t h er ebe+不定式believe,expec t,int end,lik e,love,m ean,p r efer,want,wi sh,undrst andWedi d n*texpect there to beso many peo p1e ther e.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里注意:有些动词需用as短语做补语,如r egard,thi nkb e Ii eve,tak e,co ns ide r.We rega rdT om as our bes t teac h er.我们认为汤姆是我们最佳的老师Mary t o okhim ash erf ather.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲.不定式作主语Its easy for me t o do that.我做这事太容易了e asy,d if f i cul t,ha r d,import ant,possible,impos s ibl e,comfo rtab Ie,n ece ssar y,better;the fir st,the nex t,t helas t,t h e best,t o omuc h,t o o little,noten oug hI ts s o nice to h ear yourv oi c e.听到你的声音真快乐I fsn ecess ar y fo ryou tolock t he car when you d onotuse it.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的1)Its v ery kind of you t o helpus.他帮助我们,他真好Kind,nice,stu pid,rud e,cl e ver,foolish,thoug h tf uI,though tless,br a ve,conside r a te(考虑周到的),si1I y,s e If i sh(自私的)例句I twas silly o f us to beli e ve him.我们真愚蠢,居然相信了他It seem ed self ishof himn ott og ive th em a nything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了注意1)其他系动词如,I ook,a ppear等也可用于此句型2)不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见(错)I t is to b eli e ve to see.
4.I t*s for sb.和I fs o fsb.1)for sb.常用于表达事物的特性特点,表达客观形式的形容词,如easy,ha rd,d ifficu1t,i nte res t ing,impossible等I t*s very ha r d fo r h imt os tu dy twola n gu a ges.对他来说学两门外语是很难的2)of s b的句型一般用表达人物的性格,品德,表达主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,ki nd,nice,cleve r,f oolish,ri g htoIfs veryn ice of you tohe1pm e.你来帮助我,你真是太好了for与of的辨别方法用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子假如道理上通顺用of,不通则用f or如You arenice.(通顺,所以应用of)He ishard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for)3)祁使句(Impera tive Se ntence)祈使句往往是用来表达说话人的请求、命令、规定、建议,等等祈使句的主语常被省略,由于这个主语很明确地是听话人“you”当然,有时为了强调或表达某种感情,句子也会带上主语祈使句的谓语用动词原形;它的否认形式是句首用DorYt+动词原形,或是Not to+动词原形例如Be quiet,plea se!(大家)请安静S tand up!起立!Don tsmo kei n the0ffic e.请不要在办公室吸烟Dont bes tan d in gi nt h e rain.别站在雨里N ott obe careles s w h en youre driving a c ar.开车时不要粗心大意4)感慨句(Excl a ma to ry Sentence)感慨句表达说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪这类句子中,有很多是由What或How引起的What用来强调名词,How则强调形容词、副词或动词这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说,所感慨的对象放到句首;句子无需倒装,句子要用正常语序当然,假如不用这种句型,而句子(无论是那种句子)自身又表达了上述的种种情绪,那么该句也就成了感慨句例如What a fin eday it i s toda y!今天天气多好啊!How fineiti s today!今天天气多好啊!W h a ta love ly son youh a ve!你有个多可爱的儿子啊!How love lyy ourso n i s!你的儿子多可爱假如尚有什么不明白请问我随时恭候我英语今年高考可考了120多啊!!!中考英语十二种常见句型句型
(一)su ch+名词性词组+th a t...S+形容词/副词+that…―如此……以致……例如:(l)Sh ei s such a good tea c her thatw ea II love h er.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她
(2)lt wassuch ahot d ay t hat t h e y d idn*t g oo ut for a walk asusua
1.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常同样去散步注意点
1.such+a+形容词+名词+that...,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+th at...,例句
(1)可以改写成:She i s sog ood a tea chertha t we aIIloveher.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词假如是m any/few或mu ch/little时,用so不用such,即s o+many/few+可数名词复数+t hat...,so+much/l i11le+不可数名词+th at...1Th ereare somanypeople in the roomt h atI cantge tin.房间里人太多,我进不去2T he man has somuch moneyt hat he c anbu ya car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车句型二T h ere be...,ei t her...o rn either...nor...,not only...buta1so...例如:1There i s a pen an dt wo pe ncils inhi s pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔2Not only yo u but alsoI have been tothe GreatWall.你和我都没有去过长城3Eithery ouor I a mleaving forS h anghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海4Neithe ryou norhe i s right.你和他都不对5Both Jack andTim areEnglish.J ack和Tim是英国人注意点当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both...a nd...来记忆,b oth...and…连接主语时视为复数句型三Enough+名词+to do...有足够的做某事形容词/副词+en ough+to do...——足够……做某事例如:1The reis enoughro omt o holdt hese people to haveameeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会2Th eb oy is stro n gen ough tocar rythe h eavyb ox.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子注意点enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so...that…句型改写例句2可以改写为The boyis sostron g t hat hecan carryt hehea vybox.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子句型四too+形容词/副词+t odo...——太……以致不能……例如11was tooex ci ted tosay aword.我激动得一个字也说不出来2Tom is t oo sho rtt oreach t heapple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果注意点:1)在拟定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态时间状语有yester d ay,last week,anhour ago,t he otherday,in1982等Where didyo ugo just now2)表达在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作When Iwa s achi1d,I oftenplay ed tootba1Iinthestree t.Wh enever theBro wns wentdur in gtheir visit,they wer e given a warmwelc o me.3)句型It is time for sb.to d ost h”到时间了该了It istimesb.didst h时间已迟了”早该了”I tist i mefor you to goto bed.你该睡觉了It ist ime you wentt ob ed.你早该睡觉了wou1d(ha d)rather sb.did sth,表达‘宁愿某人做某事’I*d ratheryou cam etomorr ow.4)w ish,wo nder,t hink,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等I thought y ou might ha vesome.我认为你想要一些比较一般过去时表达的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在C hristin ewas aninv alid a11her1ife.(含义她已不在人间)Ch ristin eh asb een aninva1ida1I herlife.这是一个否认句型,不能在不定式前加nt,可以用so...that…结构改写,例如例句
(1)可以改写成I wasso excited thatI c o uldn*t sa yaword.句型
(五)So that...——以便/以致……例如
(1)Th ey stu di edhardsot hat they couldp a sst he exam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试
(2)They st a rtedearl ysoth att hey c a ught theea rly bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车注意点在例句
(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句
(2)中,是引导结果状语一般来讲,从句中具有情态动词的,为目的状语无情态动词的,为结果状语句型
(六)祈使句+t hen/or/and+陈述句例如
(1)Wo rk hard,and/1hen/and thenyouwill1ive ahappy Ii fe.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活
(2)H ur ry up,or we w illb elate fors choo
1.快点,否则我们上学就迟到了注意点:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写例句2可以改写成:lf we do nt hur ryup,well be1a te f ors choo
1.句型七11t,stime forsth.是干某事的时间了If stime forsb to do sth.该干某事了I fstime tha t sbdidsth.该干某事了例如1Ifs timefor themeetin g.该开会了2lf stimeforust o goto school.我们该上学了3lf shigh tim e that y ou wenttob ed.你该上床休息了注意点在句型3中,可以在time前加rush、high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,具有“稍迟一点”的含义而⑵则是“正是干某事的时候”句型八1lt take ssb.Some tim etodo s th.干某事花某人一些时间2sb.spend some timeon sth./in doingsth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事3spe ndso memoney onsth./in doingsth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事4sth.co stsb.S omem on ey某事花某人一些钱5pay somemone ytors th.为某事物付钱例如⑴Ittookmetwo hou rstow riteth e1e tt er.写这封信花了我两小时的时间2H espend sha1fanhour inread i ng Englis he very mornin g.他天天早上花半小时读英语3H espend sone hour on thehousewor ke very da y.他天天花一小时做家务4T hebi kecost me298yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元51s pent298yu an onthe bike.我买这辆自行车花了298元61p a id298yu anfor thebike.我花了298元买这辆自行车注意点co st主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人例1中it用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语句型九1Why notdo…?为什么不干某事?2Lefs d o…让我们干某事吧3Sha II wedo…?我们干某事好吗?4Would youlike something/tod osth….?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?5Will youpie a se do…?请你干某事好吗?6What Howabout do i ng…?干某事怎么样?例如1W hy notg oan dask ourte acherGoodidea!Let*sgo.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧!2Sh aII wego out fora walkN o,I efs gotothe zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧3W i||you pleasef et chsome chalksfor me请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?4What aboutsi n ging anEnglis hso ng Wonde rful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了!注意点这些句型都是表达“建议”的句子,可视为同义句句型十1Le15s go out fora walk,sha1Iwe让我们出去散步,好吗?2Re adthe bookca re ful1y,wil1you认真读书,好吗?注意点:在这两个句型中,
(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用w川y ou构成反意疑问句在
(1)中Lets表达涉及峨”在内,用shall we,但若是let us,表达不涉及“我”在内,则用will youo例如:L etus gooutfora walk,wil1you你让我们出去散散步,好吗?句型
(十一)So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语也N eit her/N or+be/助动词/情态动词+主语也不例如
(1)H ecan singaIot ofEng1ish songs,so canshe.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是
(2)She speaksEn gli sh very well,sodo I.她英语说得好,我也是
(3)L iL ei hasnt read this book,n ei ther hasLin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过注意点这两个句型都表达和前面所陈述的内容相同,用倒装句要注意和“S0+主语+be/助动词/情态动词——的确是”相区别,试对比一下例
(2)A:S hespeaks Eng1ish verywel
1.她英语说得很好Bso shedoes.的确是这样句型
(十二)I d o ntt hinkhis answeris right.我认为他的答案不对例如1I cant be1i eveshe isright.我相信她是不对的2Yo udon*t think th eywill com et om orrow,do you你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?注意点Think、believe,su ppose等接宾语从句时,表达否认期否认主句变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其别人称,与主句主谓语保持一致例1变为反意疑问句应为:l can*tbeli eveshe isri ght,is she初中英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态
一、一般现在时概念经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况时间状语alw a ys,u sua11y,o ften,some t imes,every weekday,ye ar,month...,oncea wee k,on Sundays,e tc.否认形式:
①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加d ont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词一般疑问句
①把be动词放于句首;
②用助动词d提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用do es,同时,还原行为动词
二、一般过去时概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为时间状语:a g o,y esterd ay,th eday beforeyeste rday,la stwee ky ear,ni ght,month...,in1989,just now,atth eageof5,one day,1on g1o ngago,onceupo na time,etc.基本结构
①be动词;
②行为动词否认形式©was/were+n ot;
②在行为动词前加did nt,同时还原行为动词一•般疑问句:
①was或we re放于句首;
②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
三、现在进行时概念表达现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为时间状语:now,att his time,theseday s,etc.基本结构:am/is/are+doi ng否认形式:am/is/ar e+not+do ing.一般疑问句把be动词放于句首
四、过去进行时概念:表达过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作时间状语at thisti me ye ste rday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等基本结构was/were+doi ng否认形式:was/we re+not+d oin g.一般疑问句把was或were放于句首
五、现在完毕时概念:过去发生或已经完毕的动作对现在导致的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,连续到现在的动作或状态时间状语:recently,I ately,sin c e...for...,int hepast fewyears,etc.基本结构have/has+done否认形式:have/has H-not+d one.一般疑问句have或has
六、过去完毕时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完毕的行为,即“过去的过去”时间状语:be fore,b ythe endof lasty ea rt erm,mo nth...,etc.基本结构:had+do n e.否认形式:h ad+not+done.一般疑问句had放于句首
七、一般将来时概念:表达将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事时间状语:to morrow,nextdayweek,m o nth,year...,soon,inafew minutes,by...,t heday af tert omorrow,etc.基本结构:®am/is/are/goin g to+do;©will/shall+do.否认形式®was/we re+no t;
②在行为动词前加d idrft,同时还原行为动词一般疑问句
①be放于句首;
②wil1/sha11提到句首
八、过去将来时概念立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中时间状语the ne xtdaym orning,y ear...,t hefo1lowing monthwee k...,etc.基本结构
①wa s/were/going t o+do;@wou1d/sho uId+do.否认形式®was/were/not+go ingto+do;2wo uI d/should+no t+do.一般疑问句
①was或were放于旬首;
②w ou1d/should提到句首II.几种常见时态的互相转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式
一、一般过去时与现在完毕时的转换在现在完毕时中,延续性动词能与表达一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能但是,可用别的表达方式:
①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中;
②瞬间动词可改成与之相相应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;
③瞬间动词用于“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中,表达“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;
④瞬间动词用于“Some timeha spassed si nee+一般过去时”的句型中请看A.He jo inedthe League two ye ars ago.B.He hasbeeninthe Leaguef ortw oyears.C.It istwo yearss incehe jo inedthe League.D.Two yearsh aspa ssed si nc ehejoined theLeagu e.(含义她现在还活着)Mrs.Darb yIivedinKen tucky forseven yea rs.(含义达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州)Mrs.D arby hasli ved in Kentuckyforseven years.(含义现在还住在肯塔基州,有也许指刚拜别)注意用过去时表达现在,表达委婉语气1)动词want,hope,wond er,th ink,intend等D id youwant anything elseIwondered ifyoucou1dhe1p me.2)情态动词cou1d,would.Coul dyou1end me yourbik e
3.used to/b eUS ed touse dto+do:过去经常表达过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在Mother us ed not to beso for getfu
1.S cart used totake awa1k.(过去经常散步)beus edto4-doing:对已感到习惯,或“习惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词Heis usedto av egetariandiet.Scarf isusedto takingawalk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题----Yo ur phonenu mberaga in I_qui te cat ch it.--I t*s
69568442.A.d idntB.cou1dn*tC.dont D.cant
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中,at加上名词表达“处在某种状态,如atwork在工作,at school上学、上课等此短语可与进行时态转换请看Pete ris atwor k,but Mi keis atpl ay.Peter isw ork ing,but Mikeis p1aying.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go,come,lea ve,s tart,arriv e等动词常与表达将来的时间状语连用表达将要发生的动作如Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看Th etrain isleaving soon.Th etrain will1e avesoo n.
四、“be805910+动词原形”与311511a1l+动词原形”结构的转换Mb egoingto+动词原形”、表达打算、计划要做的事;将来时w ills hall+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词sh al1在口语中,所有人称都可以用will请看are goingtovisit the GreatWall答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时
4.一般将来时shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替w iII在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称whi chp aragraph shaIII re adfirst.W川yoube athomeat se venthis evening1b egoin gto+不定式,表达将来a.主语的意图,即将做某事What areyou goingtodotomorr owb.计划,安排要发生的事The playisgoing tobepr odu cednext monthc.有迹象要发生的事oLo ok atthe dark clouds,there isgoing to be as torm.2be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事We a re todi scuss thereport nextSa tu rday.3beab outto+不定式,意为立即做某事He isa bout to1eav efor Bei jing.注意beab outto不能与to morrow,next week等表达明确将来时的时间状语连用
4.be goingto/will用于条件句时,be goingto表将来will表意愿If youare goingto makea jou rney,yo udbetter getrea dyfor itassoon aspos sib1e.N ow ifyouwiII takeoff your clothes,wew川fi tthe newclot hes onyouin frontof themirr or.
5.be to和be goingtobe to表达客观安排或受人指示而做某事be goingto表达主观的打算或计划I amtopl ayfootb alltom orrow af ternoon.(客观安排)Im goingtoplayfootball tomorrow afternoon(.主观安排)
7.一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,a rrive,leave,start,be gin,return的一般现在时表将来这重要用来表达在时间上已拟定或安排好的事情The train leavesats ixtomorr ow morning.When doesthe busstar11star sinten minutes.2)倒装句,表达动作正在进行,如He re comes the bus.=The bus is coming.T hereg oesthe be1I.=Th ebe1I isringing.3)在时间或条件句中When Billcomes(不是will come),a skhimtowait forme.r1I writetoyouasso onas Iarr i ve th ere.4)在动词hope,take careth at,make surethat等后I hop e theyhave anice time nextwee k.Make sure thatthewind owsarec1osed beforeyou leavetheroom.
11.用于现在完毕时的句型1lt isthe firs t/seco ndtime….th at…结构中的从句部分,用现在完毕时11is thefirst time thatI have visi tedtheci ty.I twas theth irdtime th a11heb oyhad bee n la te.2This i sth e…that…结构,th at从句要用现在完毕时.This isthebest filmthat Tveever seen.这是我看过的最佳的电影This isthefirst time thatIve heardhimsi ng.这是我第一次听他唱歌典型例题--Do you knowour to wnat all-No,th is isthefirsttime Ihere.A.was B.havebeenC.came D.amcoming答案B.This isthefirsttime后面所加从句应为现在完毕时,故选B1-H aveyoub een to ourtown bef ore---No,its thefirst timeI here.A.e v en,comeB.even,have comeC.eve r,comeD.eve r,have come答案D.e ver意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为n ever,此两词常用于完毕时This isthelar gest fish I have everseen.It is/was thefir sttime+that-claus e的句型中,从句要用完毕时注意非延续性动词的否认形式可以与表达延续时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的(错)1have receivedhis letter fora month.(对)1havent received hisI e11erforaI mostamo nth.
12.比较si nce和forS in ce用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度I have livedher efor more than twenty ye a rs.I havelive dhere sineeI was b orn..My aunt hasworked inaclinic si nee
1949.Some newoilfields have been opened up sinee
1976.I haveknown XiaoLi sin ceshewasalittle gir I.My brother hasbeen inthe Youth Leagueto rtwoyea rs.I havenot heard fr ommy un clefora longtime.注意:并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完毕时I worked here formorethan twen ty yea rs.(我现在已不在这里工作)Ihaveworkedher efor manyyear s.(现在我仍在这里工作)小窍门当现在完毕时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完毕时中的误使1)(对)Tom hasstudi ed Russianfor thr ee years.=Tom begantostud yRu ssianth reey earsago,andi sstiII study ingit now.2)(错)H arry hasg otmar riedfors ixyears.=Har ry began toget marriedsi x yearsago,a ndis stil1g etting marri ednow.显然,第二句不对,它应改为Ha rrygot marriedsixyea rs ago.或Har ryhas beenmarriedtor sixyears.
13.sinee的四种用法)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、口期、钟点、1980,1ast month,half pastsix)I havebeen heresince
1989.1)sin ce+一段时间+agoI havebeenheresincefivemonthsago.2)since+从句Gr eatchanges have taken placesince you1eft.Cons idera bletime haselap sedsin cewe havebeenhere.3)It is+一段时间+since从句It istwoyears since Ibe cameapos tg raduat es tudent.被动语态的几种类型1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如He sawher inthe shopyesterday.She wasse eninthes hopyeste rday.2)主语有两个宾语的被动语态Li Lei gavemeach emi s try book.I wasg ivenachem istrybook by Li Lei.A chemistry bookwas givento me byLi Lei.3)积极句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“t此类动词为感官动词feel,hear,hel p,list ento,1ook at,make,ob serve,se e,no tice,wat chT heteac hermade megooutofthecla ssr oom.-Iwasmade togooutofthe class room(by the teacher).We sawhim playfootba11ontheplayg round.-He wasse entop layfootb alion theplayground.若宾语补足语是带to的不定式,那么被动语态仍保存to:Mot her toldmeno ttobelateI wastold nottobe1ateby mother.5)情态动词+be+过去分词,构成被动语态Coalcanbeused toprodu cee1ectr ic ityforag ricultu rea ndindustry.6)表达“据说“或“相信”的词组beli eve,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,su pp ose,t hink,u nderstandvItissaidthat...据说It isreporte d that...据报道It isbeli evedthat...大家相信11ishopedthat...大家希望11is we1I knownthat...众所周知Itisthought that…大家认为。