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过去分词——作定语、宾补知识点1过去分词作定语.过去分词作定语时的意义1及物动词的过去分词作定语被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为动宾关系且表示动作已经完成,或通常只表示动宾关系表示Tom dranksome boiledwaterand hurriedto school.汤姆喝了一些臼开水,就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去只表示When hecame intopower,hedecided tobe aleader lovedbyeveryone.当他开始掌权时,他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖2不及物动词的过去分词作定语不及物动词没有被动语态,因此作定语时只表示动作的完成,不表示被动;且只作前置定语When Iwoke upnext morning,I foundthe groundwas coveredwith fallen只表示完成leaves.当我第二天早上醒来时,发现地上全是落叫工3形容词化的过去分词作定语:英语中某些表示感觉的动词,其过去分词形式表示“感到……的”,表示被修饰词所处的状态There was a frightenedhorsein thestreet.街上有一匹受惊的马The scaredboytold methe scaringnews in a scaredvoice.那个吓坏T的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个可怕的消息
1.过去分词作定语的位置1单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,但left只作后置定语The brokenvasehas beenthrown outside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了The booksleft arefor mystudents.剩下的书是给我的学生的特别提醒单个的过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等复合不定代词或ihose等指示代词时,要放在这些词的后面He isone ofthose invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一Is thereanything unfinished还有什么没有完成吗?2过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后,其作用相当于一个定语从句I borroweda bookwritten byMark Twainfrom thelibrary.转换为定语从句我从图书馆里借了一本马克吐温写的书・语法填空.天津高考单项填空改编Most collegesnow offerfirst-year studentsacourse speciallydesignto helpthem succeedacademically andpersonally.
1.全国I卷短文改错改编I likeeatingfly tomatoeswith eggs,and Ithought itmust beeasyto cook.【答案解析】
1.designcdo句意大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的课程来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功此处course与design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语该题中的specially放在了course的后面,巧妙地把过去分词designed与被修饰词course分开,没有那么直白地考查非谓语动词,需要考生对句意完全理解后才能正确解题
2.friedo分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,表示被炒过的西红柿,故用过去分词作定语
3.过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别All thebooks borrowedfrom ihelibrarymust bereturned bynext Saturday.所有从图书馆借的书都得在下星期六前归还语态意义时态意义过去分词被动已完成现在分词主动正在进行The manDlanting treesin frontof thebuilding isour teacher.在大楼前面植树的那个人是我们的老师真题链接语法填空
1.全国II卷语法填空改编When wegot acallsay shewas short-listed(入围),wethought itwasajoke.
2.(北京高考语法填空改编)EarthDay,(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingto raisepublic awarenessabout environmentalprotection.【答案解析】I.sayingo分析句子结构可知,call与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容
2.markedo句意地球日在4月22日(这一天)被庆祝,它是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动根据句意以及句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作定语;动词mark与Earth Day之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语知识点2过去分词作宾补
1.作宾语补足语时,构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间的关系
(1)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时,宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系1want theletter posted.我想把这封信寄出去
(2)少数不及物动词如g,fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作已完成因此,宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系She foundher necklacegoneon herway home.她在回家的路上发现项链不见了
(3)动词seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语,一般表示状态,而不表示被动意义When Icame in,I founda strangegirl seatedin thecomer.我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里
2.过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
(1)感官动词后的过去分词作宾补:在see,notice,watch,hear,feel,find等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系,表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动I heardthe Englishsong sungtwicein thenext room我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌(表示被动、已完成)Ed liketo seethe plancarried out.我想看到这个计划被实施下去(只表示被动)真题链接语法填空全国II卷语法填空改编Orange treesmake greatgifts andyou seethem manytimesdecoratewith redenvelopes andmessages ofgood fortune.【答案解析】decorated句意橘子树是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们上面装饰着红包和祝福好运的信息句中them指代Orange trees,与decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作宾补2使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补make,have,get,leave,keep等使役,致使动词后作宾补的过去分词弓宾语之间为动宾关系He triedto speakslowly tomake himselfunderstood.他试图慢慢地说话,以使别人明白他的意思The guestsleft mostsf thedishes untouchedbecausetheydidnt tastedelicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动,因为它们不可口真题链接语法填空
1.天津高考单项填空改编I needa newpassport soI willhave tohave myphotographtake.
2.重庆高考单项填空改编Michael pulup apicture ofYao Mingbeside thebed tokeephimselfremind ofhis owndreams.【答案解析】
1.takeno句意我需要一本新护照,因此我将不得不照相根据句意并分析句子结构可知,本空在句中作宾补,由于动词take与myphotograph之间为逻相上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词形式
2.remindedo句意迈克尔把姚明的画像贴在床边,目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想本题考查非谓语动词作宾补remind与himself之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填remindedo【专项训练】用括号内词的适当形式填空Mary couldiftmake herselfpayattention tobecauseher classmatesmade somuch noise.
1.We willmove onto Shangri-la,a placeof beautyand mystery,first describeinaclassicnovel byJames Hilton.
2.新课标全国1卷语法填空节选A studyof travelersconductby thewebsiteTripAdvisor namesYangshuo asone of the top10destinations in the world.
3.In somelanguages,100words makeup halfof allwordsuse indaily conversation.
4.Back fromhis two-year medicalservice inAfrica,Dr Leewas veryhappy tosee hismothertakegood careof athome.
5.When Igot intothe office,I foundMr Greenbury inhis work,without noticingmyarrival.
6.2021黑龙江哈尔滨三中检测At present,there arethousands ofpeople workaroundthe clockto fightagainst theflood.
7.At thesight ofthe snake,there appearedaterrify lookon herface.
8.2021广东惠州一中期M^Recently asurveycompare pricesofthesame goodsin twodifferentsupermarkets hascaused heateddebate amongcitizens.
9.In artcriticism,you mustimagine thatthe artisthas asecret messagehide withinthework.
10.Before shecame toEngland,she hadseldom hearda singleEnglish wordspeak.
11.Being overweightcan causedepression evenwhen nohealth problemexist,according toastudypublish bythe Universityof Exeter.
12.The producercomes regularlyto collectthe camerasreturnto ourshop forqualityproblem.
13.The witness目击者question bythe policejust nowgave verydifferent descriptionsofthe fight.
14.Mr Smithhadhis housebreakinto whilehewas awayonholiday.[参考答案]
1.paid
2.described
3.conducted
4.used
5.taken
6.buried
7.Working
8.terrified
9.comparing
10.hidden
11.spoken
12.published
13.returned
14.questioned
15.broken
二、用括号内词的适当形式完成下面短文Last Mondayour classwent onanorganize tripto aforest tostudy thewildlife.Weplanned tohave ourpicnic lunchinthe forest nextto afall tree,but theterrible smellgivenoffbythepollute riverbesideitmade usfeelsick.We searchedtheforestfor thepolluter污染源,andfoundanunknownfactory pourwastewaterintotheriver.Weallthoughtitwasa seriousproblem andone solutionsuggestby ourclass wasto advisethe governmenttoclose thefactory assoon aspossible.[参考答案]organized;fallen;polluted;pouring;suggested。