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宾语从句(Th㊀Object Clause)学习宾语从句要抓住三要素连接词、语序和时态
一、宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语|heard that he wouldcome herelater on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语He saidnothing aboutwho brokethe windowlast night.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语
二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if代词who,whose,what,which副词等when,where,how,why一)、连词that(that常可省略),whether,ifHe told me(that hewould)go to the collegethe nextyeor他告诉我他明年上大学.我不知道是否还会有公交车.I dont know ifthere will be abus anymore.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.Nobody knewwhether hecould passthe exam.1that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟从句做宾语的动词有thatsay,think,insist wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit deny,expect explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,等propose,declare,reportThe boybelieves that he willtravel throughspace toother planets.注意宾语从句的否定转移•当主句谓语动词是等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句think,believe,suppose,expect表示I don*t thinkit isright forhim totreat youlike that.•主句的谓语动词是等,并且主句的主语是第一think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.我认为那个人不是所杀的,是不是?I dont believe thatman iskilled byJimjs heJimI expectour Englishteacher will be backthis weekend,wont she/heWe supposeyou havefinished theproject,havent you•如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We findthat henever listensto theteacher carefully,does he我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?•当主句的主语是第
二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致Your sistersupposes sheneeds nohelp,doesnt sheYouthought theycould havecompleted theproject,didnt youThey dontbelieveshes anengineer,do theyShe doesnt expectthat weare comingso soon,does she练习题
(1)I don,t thinkhe isright,A.isnt he B.is he C.do ID.don*tl
(2).He believessheis right,A.doesnt heB.does heC.is sheD.isn5t she
(3).1thought thathe dislikedplaying football,A.didnt heB.did heC.did ID.didnt I
(4).I findimportant that we practiceEnglish everyday.A.it B.this C.that D.what
(5).You cantimagine whenthey receivedthe nicegift.A.how they were excitedB.how excitedthey wereC.how excitedwere theyD.theywerehow excited•在以下情况中不能省略that、当句中的动词后接多于两个由引导的宾语从句时,第一个可省,但后面的不可省1that that thatI believethatyouhave doneyour bestand thatthings will get better.、当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时,一般不可省2that thatJustthen Inoticed,for thefirst time,that ourmaster waswearing his fine greencoat andhis blacksilkcap.、当从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省3thatthatI cant tellhim thathis motherdied.、当作形式宾语时4it例句She madeit clearthat shehad nothingto dowith him.许多带复合宾语的句子,引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用作形式宾语that it、当宾语从句前置时5That ourteam willwin,I believe.、当作等动词的宾语时;6thot learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold
2、由whetherjf引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用或引导,意为“是否”如if whether我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿I dont knowif/whether he still lives here aftersomany years.•但在下列情况下只能用不能用whether,if
①在具有选择意义,又有或时,尤其是直接与连用时,往往用也可以使用or or not or not whetherif...ornot如让我知道他是Let me know whether/if he will comeor not.=Let me know whetheror nothewill come否能来I dont know whether/if he does any washing or not.=I dont know whetherornothedoesanywashing.我不知道他洗不洗衣服我不知道我们是去还是留I wonderwhether westay orwhether wego.
②在介词之后用如whether我关心的是他是否喜欢英语Im interestedin whether he likesEnglish.Were thinkingabout whetherwe canfinish thework ontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作
③在不定式前用如whether他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人He hasntdecided whetherto visitthe oldman.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去He hasntdecided whethertogo bybus orby train.
④置于句首时,不能换用如whether if这是否真的我说不上来Whether thisis trueornot,I cantsay.
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用如whether她是否能来还是个问题Whether shewillcomeornotis stillo question.
⑥若用会引起歧义时,则用如if whether可理解为:Please letmeknowif youlike thebook.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我If youlike thebook,please letmeknow.•只能用不能用引导的宾语从句if whether
①引导条件状语从句,意为“如果if The students will go on a picnicif it is sunny.
②引导否定概念的宾语从句时if He asked if I didntcome toschool yesterday.
③引导状语从句即使和好象时even ifas ifHe talksas if he hasknown allabout it.
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是see,say,telL ask,answer,know,decide,show,find outimagine,suggest,doubt wonder,等discover understand,inform,advise
①连接代词在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语who,whom,whose,which,whot,连接代词一般指疑问,但除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.whot,whateverDo you know whohas wonRed Alertgame你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么?The bookwill showyou what the best CEOs shouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.你决定好是买诺基亚还Have youdetermined whicheveryou shouldbuy,Motorola or Nokia cellphone是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
②连接副词有在句中担任状语的成分when,where,why,how,他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.He didnttell mewhen we should meetagain.Could youplease tell me howyou usethe newpanel你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knowswhere thesenew partscan bebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题1I dont knowor not.A.whether he is athome B.if heis athome C.thatheis athome D.whether ishe athome2Thisdepends on the weatherisfine.A.which B.whether C.if D.that3The teacherasked thenew studentclass he was in.A.which B.where C.if D.that川4I dont know Mr.Green wcome to see us.Hell helpus withour English.A.why B.when C.how D.where5…Be careful!Dont breakthe bottles.Do youhear Isaid David—Yes,MumA.what B.that C.why D.if6--Do youknow MrBlacks addressis---He maylive atNO.18orNo.19of BridgeStreet.Tm not sure of.A.where,which B.where,what C.what,which D.what where7There isnot muchdifference betweenthe two.I reallydont know.A.whatshould I choose B.which I should chooseC.which shouldIchooseD.what Ishould choose
三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句主语+谓语+……/句式根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种连接词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语常见的连接词有等如I who,what,which你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?Could youtell mewho knowsthe answer,please这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?连接词+The small children dontknowwhat is in their stockings.2名词+谓语连接词在从句中作主语的定语常见的连接词有等whose,what,which,how many,how much如他问我们班上谁的书法最好He askedwhose handwritingwas the best inour class.老师问我们房间里有多少人连接词+The teacheraskedus howmanypeople therewere inthe room.3主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语常见的连接词有whom,what,which,howmany,how在句中不充当任何成分等如:much,when,why,how,where,if/whether他还没决定是否去无锡旅行He hasntdecided ifhell goonatrip toWuxi.你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?连接词+名词+Could youtell me what Ishould dowith themoney4主语+谓语连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语常见的连接词有what,which,how many,how much,how等如你知道他在哪个班吗?Do youknow whichclass heisin她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔练习题She askedme ifI knewwhose penit was.1Did youfind outA.she was looking forwhose childB.whose childwas she looking forC.whose childshe is looking for D.whose childshe waslooking for2Are youinterested inA.how did hedoit B.he did it howC.how hedid itD.he how didit3I dontknow.Can youtell meA.how the two players are oldB.how oldare the two playersC.the two players arehow oldD.how oldthe twoplayers are4—What didthe scientistsay--He saidhe wonderedif intospace byspaceship oneday.A.he hodto flyB.hecould flyC.can hefly D.could hefly5Excuse me,sir.Could youtell meA.Where thebank nearestB.where isthe nearest bankC.where the nearestbank is D.thenearestbankiswhere6She askedTom withhis car
四、宾语从句A.what the matter was B.what the matter is C.what wasthematterD.what isthematter的时态时态•主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态例句The headmasterhopes everythinggoes well.•主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式例句She wassorry that she hadntfinished herwork ontime.•当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态例句练习题J The teacher toldhis classthat lighttravels fosterthan sound.1Its7:
30.Icantbelieve youcooking dinneryet,Sally.A.havent startedB.didn,tC.don*t startD.hadnt started2The teachertold usyesterday that December25Christmas Day.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be3The teachersaid that the earthround thesun.A.goes B.go C.went D.will go4Wed liketo tellyou thatyou theexam.A.have passedB.had passedC.pass D.will pass5Could youtell meTuYes.They to the library.”A.where orethe twins,have beenB.where werethe twins,have beenC.where thetwins are,have goneD,where thetwins were,havegone6Our fathersaid thathe anew computernext week.A.will buyB.havebought C.would buyD.buys7I hearthathe toBeijingyesterday.A.goes B.will goC.went D.have gone注意运用虚拟语气的情况・在表示建议、;要求、、决定;命令、、suggest adviseproposedemond desirerequest decideorder command;坚决主张;require insist等动词后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气should+v.Eg suggested thatyoushouldstudy hard.He ordered that we should goout atonce.•虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示㈣愿,命令如1祝你幸福May yoube happy.祝愿你玩得痛快May youhave agood time.祝愿我们的友情天长地久May thefriendship betweenus lastlong.祝愿你旅途愉快!Have agood journey!你出去!You goout!虚拟语气用在宾语从句中动词等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟2wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求如我希望她能站在我一边I wishshe would be onmy side.我希望我能帮助他I wishI couldhelp him.He insistedthat allofusshould bethere ontime byany means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿动词后面的从句中,可以省略如demand,suggest order,insist proposeshould”老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了The teachersuggestedthat weshouldclean theblackboard afterclass.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣He orderedthat thestudents washthe clothesevery weekby themselves.服3虚拟语气用在主语从句中:在句型It isimportant necessary,strange,natural that....41»that面的从句中的谓语动词用动词原形,如should+我们有必要出去散散步Its necessarythat weshould havea walknow,她这样做是很自然的Its naturalthatsheshould doso.重要的是我们要照顾好病人Its importantthatweshould takegood careof thepatient.虚拟语气用在状语从句中虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中在表示与事实相4反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来、与现在事实相反的动词过去式动词原形A If I weyou,he,they+..ifIhe,she were...l weshould+Hez动词原形you,they would+、与过去事实相反的+过去分词过去分词B Iflwe,you,he,they+hod lweshould+hove++过去分词He you,they would+have如果我是你,我就买了它If Iwere you,Ishouldbuy it.如果我有时间,我会学习法语的IfIhad time,I wouldstudy French.如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的If sheknew English,she wouldnot askme forhelp.Ifyou hadgot如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的up earlier,you couldhave caughtthe train.如果明天天气好,我就去买东西If itwere finetomorrow,I would go shopping.明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了,在表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气•简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同或相近的试题下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法方法一当主句谓语动词是等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构例如Li Minghopes hewillbe back very soon.—Li Minghopes tobebackverysoon.We decidedthatwewould helphim.—We decidedto helphim.方法二当主句谓语动词是等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语know,learn,remember,forget,tell从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构例如一She hasforgotten howshe canopen the window.She hasforgotten how to openthewindow.注当主句谓语动词是等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可tell,Qsk,show,teoch简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构例如方法三Could youtell mehow Icon get tothe station-Could youtell mehowtogettothestation当主句的谓语动词是命令,需要等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名order require词代词+不定式”结构例如The headmasterorderedthatweshouldstart at once.—The headmasterordered usto startatonce.方法四某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词短语等其他形式简化例如He insistedthatheshould gowith us.—He insistedon goingwith us.The poorboy doesntknow whenand where hewasborn.—The poorboy doesntknow the time andtheplace ofhis birth.方法五某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语形式作宾语补足语”结构例如+V-ingLiu Pingfound that there wasa wallet lying on the ground.—Liu Pingfound awalletlyingontheground.方法六动词后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式短语来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化例如seem除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句It seemedthattheboys weregoing towin.—The boysseemed towin.式的转化例如I found that it was difficultto learnEnglish well.—I foundit difficultto learnEnglish well.Soon wefoundthatthe groundwas coveredwith thick snow.—Soon wefound theground coveredwiththicksnow.宾语从句练习They foundthatthe box wasvery heavy.—They foundtheboxvery heavy.11The girlsasked ifthey somefood anddrink withthem.A.can takeB.would takeC.takes D.will take2Catherine saidthatshe toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergone C.has neverbeenD.had neverbeen3Thestudentswant to know whethertheydictation today.A.had B.has C.will haveD.are4She askedLinda ifgo andget some.A.could sheB.she couldC.she canD.she may5Linda saidthe moonround theearth.宾语从句练习A.travelled B.has travelledC.travells D.had travelled2甘1Can youtell meyou wereborn,Be yA.who B.what C.when D.that21dontknow they havepassed theexam.A.what B.if C.when D.where31hardly understand.he hastold me.A.that B.what C.which D.who4She didnt know backsoon.A.whetherhewould beB.if wouldhebeC.hewill be51dontknowhestillliveshereafter somany years.A.whether Bwhere C.what D.when6Do youknowtheylistened toyesterday eveningA.what Bwhen C why Dhow7Heaskedme toldme the accident.A whomB whichC whoD whose宾语从句练习
31.Theydontknow theirparents are.A that B whatCwhyD which
2.Please tell mewhatlast year.A.where doesyour sisterwork Bwhere did your sisterworkC whereyour sisterworks Dwhere yoursisterworked
3.She askedme ifI knew.A.whose penis itB.whose penitwas C.whose penitisD.whose penwasit
4.You mustremember.A.whatyourmothersaid B.what didyour mothersayC.your mothersaidwhat D.what hasyour mothersaid5Did youknowA.who hewaslookingafter B.who was helookingforC.who heis lookingforD.whoheislookingafter6Could youtell meA.when willthey leave BeijingB.when would they leave Beijing宾语从句练习C.when theywill leaveBeijingD.when didtheyleaveBeijing
41.1dontknowhe willcome tomorrow.he comes,Ill tellyou.A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If
2.1dontknowthe dayafter tomorrow.A.when does he comeB.howwillhecome C.ifhe comesD.whether hellcome
3.Could youtell methe radiowithout anyhelpA.howdidhe mendB.what didhe mendC.how hemended D.what hemended
4.1want to know.什「A.whom isshe lookingeB.whom sheis lookingC.whom isshe lookingD.whom sheislookingafter
5.Doyouknowwhere nowA.he livesB.doeshelive C.he livedD.didhelive
6.Do youknow whattime.2A.the train leave•
7.1dontknowB.does thetrain leaveC.will thetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves Canyoutell me,pleaseA.how thetwoplayersore oldB.how oldare thetwo playersC.thetwoplayersarehow old
8.D.how oldthetwoplayers areThesmallchildrendont knowA.what istheir stockingsin B.what isin theirstockingsC.where istheirstockingsin
9.1D.what intheir stockingscantunderstand.B.what Christmas does meanA.what doesChristmas meanD.what Christmasmeans宾C.what meanChristmasdoes语从句练习5
一、用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句
1.What isher nameI dontknow
2.Where doesDoctor LiuLive Do youknow
3.What didhe loseattherailway stationWould youtellme
4.Why isthe cinemaclosed Iwonder
5.When didtheaccidenthappen Pleasego andfind out
6.What foreignlanguage canyou speakI wanttoknow
7.Whose boxis itonthefloor Im notsure
8.How muchdidyoupay for the dictionaryPlease tellme
9.She isa teacher.I hear
10.Does heraunt livein ParisImnotsure
11.Is Mrs.Lee inthe classroomI asked
12.Who willcometojoin usDo youknow
13.My sonis havinga cold,she said川
14.W itrain againtomorrow Idontknow
二、选择题
15.oyouknow howmuch hotwaterA.Mumis neededB.doesMumneed C.Mum needsD.did Mumneed、2Can youtell meA.whereheis B.where isheC.heiswhere D.what ishe、3I didntknow howto LondonA.wouldtheygo B.aretheygoing C.they would go D.they aregoing、4I wanttoknowhow long.、A.has hebeen backB.hashecomeback C.he hasbeenback D.hehoscomeback5Do youknow、A.whatthenewsare B.what isthe newsC.what the news isD.what arethenews6Hesaidhe wouldhelpme withmy mathsifhefree.A.was B.willbeC.wouldbeD.is7^He willwrite toyou assoon ashe toShanghai.A.gets B.is gettingC.willgetD.shall get、8Father musicwhen heyoungA.liked...was B.liked...isC.likes...was D.likes...is、9I likedsports I was young.、A.so muchasB.so muchthat C.very muchwhen D.very muchbecause10mother gothome,I wastidyingmyroom.A.After B.When C.As soonas D.Before、11Theteacherdidntbeginherclass thestudents stoppedtalking.A.until B.because C.after D.when、12If ittomorrow,well gototheGreat wall.A.doesntrain B.wont rainC.not rainsD.isnt rain、13Could youtellmewe getto theplaneA.how B.whether C.where D.what、14When theygot tothe cinema,the filmfortheten minutes.A.had beenon B.has begunC.began D.had begun、15Theteachersays shewillleavea messageontheheadmasters desk.A.if B.who C.that D.what、16Lucy looksstronger Lily.A.than B.asC.then D.not as17^I knownothing aboutit he toldme.A.because B.since C.until D.after、18You mustmake yournew houseclean andsafe youmove in.A.because B.when C.before D.until、19Iwastired Icouldntwalkon.A.so...thatB.too...to C.very...thatD.very...to20I thoughthe tosee hismother ifhetime.川A.will go...has B.willgo...w haveC.wouldgo...would haveD.wouldgo...had
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空、1I wontreturn thebook tothe librarybecause Inotfinish readingit.、2As soonashesaw me,hetospeak tome.stop、3I hopehecome backin aweek.、4Itrain hardwhen Igot tothe factorythis morning.、5The oldman toldthe childrennotwalk inthe ricefields.、6He toldme hehelpherwith hermaths thenext evening.、7She saidtheyknow eachother forquite sometime.、8If itnotrain tomorrow,wevisit thePoples Museum.、9Johnwrite somethingwhen Igotoseehim.10^Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravel muchfaster thansound.、11When Igot tothe cinema,the filmbegin、12Mike askedme ifweask anyquestions thenext class.13^Will youcome andstaywith usfora whilewhen youfinishdoing yourhomework、14Comrade Wangdidntknowif therebeon Englishevening thatday.、15Please tellme ifshecome againnext time.。