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高三英语复习与训练四——形容词和副词
4.形容词和副词
4.1形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语例如hOto2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类例如afraid害怕的(错Heis anillman.The manisill.)Sheis anafraid girl.(对The girlis afraid.)这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等3)形容词(作错定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词)之后例如someihingnice.(对)
4.2以-ly结尾的形容词1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly»仍为形容词改错(错)Shesanglovely.(错)He spoketomevery friendly.(对)Her singingwas lovely.(对)He spoketomein averyfriendly way.2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等例如TheTimes isaweekly paper.《时代周刊》为周刊TheTimes ispublished weekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期
4.3用形容词表示类别和整体1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如(hedead,theliving,(herich,thepoor,theblind,thehungry等例如:Thepoor arelosinghope.穷人行将失去希望2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的双数连用,如theBritish,theEnglish,theFrench♦theChinese等例如:TheEnglish havewonderful senseofhumor.英国人颇有幽默感
4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为限定词-数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质-类别-名词例如asmallroundtable/atallgraybuilding/adirtyoldbrownshirt/afamousGermanmedicalschool/anexpensiveJapanese sportscar典型例题1)Tony isgoing campingwith_____boys.A.littletwo otherB.two littleotherC.two otherlittleD.little othertwo答案C由叩艮定词-数词-描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质-名词”的顺序可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案2)One daythey crossedthebridge behindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.old stoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold3)——Howwas yourrecent visitto Qingdao——It was great.Wevisited somefriends»and spentthe______days attheseaside.A.few last sunny B.last fewsunny C.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunny last答案Bo本题考查多个形容词的排序问题一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词,如those+three+beautiful+large+square+old+brown+wood+table
4.5副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构
一、副词的位置1)在动词之前2)在be动词、助动词之后3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后注意a.大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡例如I Wecouldseevery clearlyastrange lightahead ofus.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光b.方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾例如Hespeaks Englishwell.他英语说得好
二、副词的排列顺序I)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接例如Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些,仔细一些3)多个不同副词排列程度+地点+方式+时间副词注意副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词改错:(错)Ivery likeEnglish.(对)IlikeEnglish very much.注意副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可例如Idontknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉There isenough foodfor everyone toeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃There isfoodenough foreveryonetoeat.
4.6兼有两种形式的副词1)close与closelyclose意思是“近;closely意思是“仔细地例如He issittingcloseto me.他就坐在我边上Walch himclosely.盯着他2)late与latelylate意思是“晚”lately意思是最近,例如You havecome toolate.你来得太晚了What haveyoubeen doinglately近来好吗?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是“深“,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”例如Hepushedthestickdeep intothemud.他把棍子深深插进泥里Even fatherwas deeplymoved bythefilm.老爸也被电影深深打动了4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much例如The planewasflying high.这架飞机飞得很高Ithink highlyof youropinion.你的看法很有道理5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地,”在许多地方”例如He openedthedoorwide.他把门开得大大的English iswidelyused in theworld.英语在|止界范围内广泛使用6)free与freelyfree的意思是“免费freely的意思是“无限制地例如You cancat freein myrestaurant wheneveryou like.无论什么时候,我这饭铺免费对你开放You mayspeak freely;say whatyou like.你可以畅所欲言,想说什么就说什么
4.7形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种I)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-esl来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esl talltaller tallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的nice nicernicest双音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结big biggerbiggest尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est”以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加busy busierbusiest-er,-cst少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est ciever/narrow cleverer/narrower cleverest/narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,mostimportant/easily来构成比较级和最高级moreimportant/more easilymostimportant/most easily2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good betterbestwell(健康的)bad worseworstill(有病的)old older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many moremostlittle lessleastfar farther/furlher farthest/furlhest
4.
8.as+形容词或副词原级+as1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as例如He cannotrun so/as fastas you.他没你跑得快2)当as...as中间有名词时采用以下格式as+形容词+a+单数名词/as+many/niuch+名词例如Thisis as good anexampleas theotheris.这个例子和另外一个一样好Ican carryas muchp叩eras you can.你能搬多少纸,我也能3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面例如Thisroom istwice as bigasthat one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍Yourroom isthesame sizeasmine.你的房间和我的一样大4)倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+the…+of例如Thisbridge isthree timesas longasthatone.这座桥的长度是那座的三倍Thisbridge isthree timesthelength ofthat one.Yourroom istwice aslarge asmine.你的房间是我的两倍大Yourroom istwice thesizeofmine.
4.9比较级形容词或副词+than0色如You aretaller thanI.你比我高They lightsin yourroom arebrighter thanthoseinmine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮注意1)要避免重复使用比较级(错)He ismorecleverer thanhisbrother.(对)He ismoreclever thanhis brother.(对)He iscleverthanhisbrother.2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中(错)Chinais largerthan anycountryin Asia.(对)Chinais largerthan anyothercountries inAsia.3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则The populationofShanghai islargerthan thatofBeijing.It iseasier to makea planthan to carry itout.4)要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用比较Whichis larger,Canada orAustraliaWhichisthelarger country,Canada orAustraliaSheistallerthan hertwo sisters.Sheis thetallerofthetwo sisters.
4.10可修饰比较级的词1)abit、a little,ralher,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreat deal,any,still,even等2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语3)以.上词(除byfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面典型例题1)——Areyou feeling——Yes»Im finenow.A.any wellB.any betterC.quitegood D.quitebetter答案B.any可修饰比较级,quile修饰原级,well的比较级为belter.2)Theexperiment waseasier thanwehad expected.A.moreB.much moreC.much D.moremuch答案C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案3)If therewere noexaminations,weshould have_____at school.A.thehappiest timeB.amore happiertimeC.muchhappiest timeD.a muchhappier lime答案Do
4.11many,old和far1)如果后接名词时,much more+不可数名词,many more+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式older/oldest和elder/eldestoelder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系例如My elderbrother isanengineer.我哥哥是个工程师Mary istheeldest ofthethreesisters.玛丽是三姐妹中最大的3)far有两种比较级,farther,further一般father表示距离,further表示进一步例如oIhave nothingfurther tosay.我没什么要说了
4.12the+最高级+比较范围1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用例如TheSahara isthebiggest desertintheworld.撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”例如It isamostimportant problem.=It isavery importantproblem.这是个很重要的问题注意使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内(错)Tomis thetallestofhis threebrothers.(对)Tomis thetallestofthethree brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级,byfar,far,much,mostly,almosto例如This hatisnearly/almostthebiggest.这帽子差不多是最大的(注意a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同This isthevery best.This ismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级例如Africa isthesecondlargest continent.非洲是第二大洲3)最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来例如Mikeisthe mostintelligentinhis class.马克是班上最聪明的Mikeismore intelligentthan any otherstudents inhis class.4)否定词语+比较级“,否定词语+so…as”结构也可以表示最高级含义例如Nothing issoeasy as(his.没比这更简单的了=Nothing iseasier thanthis.=This istheeasiest thing.
4.13和more有关的词组,1)themore...themore...越就越例如Theharder youwork,thegreater progressyoull make.越努力,进步越大2)moreB thanA=less AthanB与其说A不如说B,,例如Heis morelazythan slowathis work.=He islessslowthan lazyathis work.他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒3)nomore...than...与一样,不比多例如Theofficials couldsee nomorethantheEmperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多noless...than...与一样例如Heis noless diligent(hanyou.他和你一样勤勉4)morethan不只是,非常例如Sheis morethankind tous all,她对我们非常热心典型例题1)Theweather inChinais differentfrom.A.inAmerica B.onein AmericaC.AmericaD.that inAmerica答案D.本题意为中国的天气比美国热”比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除B和D中,B中的ne常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D2)After thenewtechnique was introduced,(hefactory produced____tractors in1988as theyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas答案C.此句意为”这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍”表示倍数用“倍数+as+形容词原形+as+比较对象”的句型所以此句答案为Co
4.14形容词和副词练习
1.Themodern machineproved inheart surgery.a.high valuableb.highly valuablec.valuable highd.valuable highly
2.Mr.Johnson andhis daughterdonot alwaysunderstand eachother.a.older b.theoldest c.eldest d.theeldest
3.They thoughtthat thetruthwould befinallydiscovered.a.little b.not c.small d.bit
4.They hardlybelievethat theapartmentwhich coststhem$4,000is.a.so smallb.such littlec.so littled.suchsmall
5.If aclaim iskept,it ismorelikely obe recognized.a.liveb.lived c.alive d.living
6.On hiswayto schoolhemet,so hesenthimto hospital.a.veryill manb.much sickman c.serious illmand.verysick man
7.Shewas operatedamonth agobut nowshewas.a.verygood b.very wellc.healthy d.good conditioned
8.What Iwoulddois togo.a.really quietlysomewhere b.somewhere quietlyreallyc.really quietsomewhere d.somewhere reallyquiet
9.Thechairman askedto writetheirquestionsonapiece ofpaper andsendthem tothefront.a.thepresent membersb.themembers presentlyc.themembers presentd.thepresently members
10.Theprice wasvery reasonable;Iwould gladlyhave paidheasked.a.three timesmuch as b.three timesas many asc.as threetimes muchas d.three timesas much as
11.Thetrousers are,but Tomdoesnot careabit.a.too alittlesmallb.alittle toosmallc.atoo littlesmalld.asmalltoo little
12.Shewore adressto thepartythat wasfar moreattractivethan.a.othergirls b.that ofothergirlsc.theothergirls d.those ofothergirls
13.hecan playtennisbetter thanin heclass.a.any boysb.anyother boyc.any boyd.any other
14.Kasia istakingher touroftheshopsin searchof bargains.a.daily b.day c.day timed.night
15.thechild expresseshis interestin anactivity,thestrongerit willbecome.a.Themore frequentb.Thefrequenter c.Themore frequentlyd.the frequentlier
16.Wed betterwait,Peter andToni willcomevery soon.a.alittlelonger b.more longerc.long d.as longer
17.although themedicinetastes,itseems tohelp mycondition.a.bad b.badly c.loo muchbad d.too badly
18.When shegother firstmonthsalary,Diana boughtherself dress.a.acotton,blue...expensive b.an expensive...blue,cottonc.ablue,expensive...cotton d.acotton,expensive...blue
19.The doctorshave triedto savethelifeofthewounded soldier.a.everything possiblehumanlyb.humanlyeverything possiblec.everything humanlypossible d.humanlypossibleeverything
20.1was worriedverymuchbecause rilmissmy flightifthe busarrives.a.lately b.latec.latter d.morelater
21.Thenoiseoutsidewas hisspeech washardly audible.a.too irritatingthat b.so irritatingso c.so irritatingthatd.soirritating enoughthat
22.Theharderthe shrubisto grow,.a.themorehigher priceit b.thehigher priceitisc.thehigherthe priceisd.thehigher istheprice
23.Thephotographs ofMars takenbysatelliteare takenfrom theearth.a.clearest thanthoseb.clearerthanhatc.muchclear thanthosed.much clearerthan hose
24.anywhere intheUnitedStates costsless thanadollarwhen youdial ityourself.a.Three-minutecall b.A three-minutes callc.Athree-minutecall d.Athree-minutes-call
25.Wcarrived ProfessorBaker hadalready calledthe roll.a.so latelythatb.as latethat c.solaterthat d.so latethat
26.Il isthat Iwouldliketo gotothebeach.a.so niceweatherb.such niceweatherc.so niceaweather d.suchanice weather
27.Herlittle carisnt toseat morethan twopeople comfortably.a.big enoughb.enough bigc.sobig enoughd.bigas enough
28.Hisscore ontheexamwas toqualifyhimfor agraduateprogram.a.too goodb.well enoughc.as highas d.good enough
29.Theplaneis scheduledtoarrive becauseof badweather.a.lately b.latec.laterd.latest
30.There arcthat Icantfinishthem.a.so longassignmentsb.such longassignmentsc.long assignmentsd.so verylong assignments
31.Bats findtheir waybysqueaking andguiding themselvesbyechoes.a.veryfast b.very fastly c.much fasterd.most fastly
32.Yourapplication willbeconsidered yourfileis completed.a.as quicklyas b.as soonas c.as fastas d.as earlyas
33.Thisdress isprettier,but itcoststhat one.a.twicemore thanb.twice as muchas c.as muchtwiceas d.twice somuchas
34.Anewshopping centeronthenorth sidewillhave.a.fivehundred morethan shopsb.as morethan fivehundred shopsc.fivehundred shopsmorehan d.morethan fivehundredshops
35.Themore youstudyduring thesemester,you haveto studytheweek beforeexams.a.theless b.thelesser c.lessd.the little
36.To answeraccurately ismoreimportant than.a.aquick finishb.tofinish quicklyc.finishing quicklyd.you finishquickly
37.Whena bodyenterstheearths atmosphere,it travels.a.in arapidmanner b.fastlyc.withgreat speedd.very rapidly
38.Thesalary ofataxidriveris muchhigher.a.in comparisonwith thesalaiyof ateacherb.than ateacherc.thanthat ofateacher d.tocompare asateacher
39.Frost occursinvalleys andonlowgrounds onadjacenthills.a.morefrequently as b.as frequently thanc.morefrequently thand.frequentlythan
40.Shecan speakin frontofMack,but shecanteat inhis restaurant.a.free,free b.free,freely c.freely,free d.freely,freely
41.You willhaveto practicetimes beforeyoucan doit.a.maymoreb.more severalc.moreoften d.more many
42.Ihavebeen goingtoShanghai thanIused to.a.lesserb.less c.fewerd.less often
43.Tuitionat Americanuniversity runsonethousand dollarsa semester.a.so highas b.as hightoc.as highasd.as higherthan
44.1enjoy theconcertlast night;they playedbeautiful music.a.such b.such ac.so d.so a
45.Several day,Isaw themanagain onthestreet.a.lateb.later c.latterd.last
46.Whenelectricity wasfirst invented,peoplerefused tobelievesuch athing.a.impossibleb.possiblyc.possibled.impossibly
47.Thereason whyso manypeople sitbeforethe televisiontonight isthat therewillbea show.a.livingb.livec.alive d.lived
48.Whenthethree boysmet oneanother,they foundtheylooked verymuch.Then theyknew theyweretriplet.a.likeb.alikec.likelyd.liked
49.Thedoctorassured thepatient thattherewas withher,but shecouldnothelp worrying.a.seriously wrongnothing b.nothing seriouswrongc.nothingseriously wrongd.serious nothingwrong
50.If youliveinWuhan onedayand inShenyangthenext,you thechangein temperature.a.are certainlytofeel b.certainly feelc.are tofeelcertainly d.are certainto feel
51.As asafetyprecaution,all driverscarry onlyenough moneytomakechange for.a.abill often-dollarb.a ten-dollars billc.aten-dollar billd.a tens-dollarbill
52.WhenIspent holidaysEurope,Ibought vases.a.wo lovelybig old German b.two lovelyoldbig Germanc.two Germanbig oldlovelyd.lovely bigtwooldGerman
53.Everyone willagreethat foodin thesouthisas goodasinthecountry.a.otherregion b.anyotherregion c.thatof anyregion d.that ofanyotherregion
54.Stars aresofaraway thattheyare spotsoflight whenseen fromheearth.a.nothingmore asb.anything morethanc.morethan d.nothing morethan
55.Whatdeeply impressedhis wasthat magnificent.a.cight-ccntury-old b.cight-ccnturics c.old-cight-ccnturics d.cight-ccnturys-old
56.focus onculturaldifferences betweenChineseand Westernsocieties.a.Thebelow textanddialogues b.Belowtheext anddialoguesc.Thetextand dialoguesbelow d.Textand dialoguesthebelow
57.Peoplewillbe abletofly fromone planetto anotherin.a.littlenasty arrow-shaped tubesb.nasty littlearrow-shaped tubesc.arrow-shaped littlenastytubes d.arrow-shaped littlenastytubes
58.Beginning inthelate19thcentury,therisein theproductivityofEngland wasjustless thanGermany andhe U.S.a.year...slightly b.yearly...slight c.yearly...slightly d.year...slightly
59.In Spain,officials estimatethat75percent ofthecurrentviolent crimeisdrug related.a.muchas b.asmuchasc.asmanyasd.asgreat
60.You shouldspendin thestudyofthevarious sensesand usesofthe commonwords.a.muchtimeas youcan b.as timemuchas youcanc.timeas manyas youcand.asmuchtimeas youcan
61.ProfessorChen askedus towriteessay onindividualdifferencesin secondlanguagelearning.a.anomore thantwo-thousand-word b.aless two-thousand-wordsc.aless thantwo-thousands-words d.anomoretwo thanthousand word
62.Hervoice is.a.loud b.aloud c.loudly d.loudness
63.That somanyadvances havebeen madeinis themostvalid argumentfbr retainingtheresearch unit.a.such shorttimeb.so ashorttimec.such ashort timed.such shortatime
64.curriculum includesall experienceswhich thestudentsmay havewilhintheenvironment oftheschool.a.Broad speakingb.Speaking broadlyc.Broadly speakingd.Broadly
65.Sincetaxifare inthecity mayruntwenty dollars,Isuggest thatyou takeabus.a.as highasb.as expensiveasc.so highthat d.so expensiveas
66.If negotiationsforthe newtradeagreements take,critical foodshortages willdevelopin severalcountries.a.too muchlongerb.muchtoo longc.thelongest d.thelonger
67.1fhe hadfollowedthedirections carefullyintaking themedicine,hewould havefelt bettera.muchquicker b.morequick c.much quicklyd.morequickly
68.Sincehe spenthischildhood inFrance,Jack isableto conversein French.a.rather goodb.quitebetter c.fairly mored.rather well
69.Of thewocars thatthe Smithshave,thePlymouth is,without anyquestion,.a.thecheapest torunb.thecheaper torun c.cheaperd.more cheaper7O.Withthree inchesof rainfallinginasix-month period,thefarmers founditnecessaryo irrigatethelanda.less thanb.littlethanc.fewerthan d.less fewthan
71.On asmallmarble tableinthecenter ofherboudoirstands vase.a.alittleexquisiteantique brownChineseporcelainb.anexquisitelittleantique brownChineseporcelainc.anantiquelittleexquisite brownChineseporcelaind.aChineseantique littleexpensivebrownporcelain
72.“When isTomgoing toleave”“He isgoing toleavethis week.”a.sometimes b.sometimec.sometimed.somewhat
73.Thelibrarian insiststhatDana takebooksfrom librarybefore shereturns thedictionarysheborrowedlastmonth.a.nob.manyc.not manyd.nomore
74.Thefacilities oftheolderhospital arethenew hospital.a.as goodorbetter thanb.as goodas orbetterasc.as goodas orbetterthan d.asgoodas orbetterthan thoseof
75.1ron hasrelatively feweconomicaluses.a.Chemical pureb.Chemically purec.Purechemical d.Purely chemical
76.1walked8miles today.Inever guessedthat Icould walkfar.a.muchb.that c.such d.as
77.Thcy toourproposal.a.have notstillrespondedb.have notrespondedstillc.have stillnotresponded d.stillhave notresponded
78.Truehibernation takesplace onlyamong animals.a.whoseblood iswarm b.blood wormc.warm-blooded d.they havewarm blood
79.Heworks.a.loneb.lonely c.alone d.lonesome
80.Aroad goesfrom ourcollegeto thecenter.a.straight...straight b.straightly...straightly c.straight...straightly d.straightly...straight
22.7形容词、副词练习答案1B19C37D55A73D2C20B38C56C74D3A21C39C57B75B4A22C40C58C76B5C23D41A59B77D6D24C42D60D78C7B25D43C61A79C8D26B44A62A80A9C27A45B63C811D28D46C64C8211B29B47B65A8312D30B48B66B8413B31A49C67D8514A32B50D68D8615C33B51C69C8716A34D52A70A8817A35A53D71B8918C36B54D72C90。