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第五讲动词和动词短语典型例题动词是英语语言中的第一大词,是组成句子的“骨架”,所以高考测试将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查最近几年英语高考对动词及动词短语的考查主要集中在以下几个方面
1.动词的理解及动词特有的句型结构
2.动词的延续性和非延续性
3.词义辨析
4.动词短语的搭配能够在真实的语言环境中恰当使用意义相近的动词和动词词组或固定搭配中的动词应试高分瓶颈
1.英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不易掌握平日.学习中,既要增加阅读量,在实际运用中领悟动词的意义和用法又要集中时间和精力学习一些难掌握的词(组)特别是一些最常用的基础词汇,如Set,have,make,take等和一些难辨的同义词(组),更要集中突破
2.解题时,首先要研读题干,找出信息词,理顺句意,再作最佳选择
3.既要注重同义词(组)间的语法差异,又要注意它们之间的意义差异,如share和spare等本类考题解答锦囊
1.高考对动词和动词短语的考查,往往以词义辨•析和动词短谣摆配为主词语辨析,尤其是动词及动词短语的辨析是高考试题中难度较大的题,这些动词及动词短语有些是同义词,有些是近义词,是同义词的意义、含义和使场合不完全相同,是近义词的词义肯定有差别所以我们必须了解它们之间的细微差别及放在句子中的差别,以适应原度越来越大的高考对词语辨析要求越来越高的一个表现是把词语辨析、语法测试、构词法知识和日常交际用语融合在一起高考题目灵活多变的特点在这一部分体现得相当明显因此,学习词语不能只靠死记硬背,而要提高在具体语境中的分辨和灵活运用的能力
2.在学习过程中,要把结构类似、用法相同或相近的短语放在一起比较,可以帮助记忆,加深理解
①ask for,look for,search for,prepare for,long for,hope for,wish for:©tree...Irom,keep...from,prevent,..from,stop...from,save...from,;protect...from...(^distinguish...from,tell...from,separate...from,differ...from;©supply...with,pro.vide...with,fi
11...with,feed...with;
⑤warn...of,remind...ofjmforlm...of,convince...of;©cure...of,rid...of,rob...of,relieve...of.
3.不要受汉语表达习惯的束缚,英语和汉语作为不同的两种语言,不可能存在精确的对应,关系一方面要多做一些词义辨析的练习,另一方面在平常的阅读中要深入理解词语的各种结构特点和语意寓言特征I高考最新热门题.(典型例题You cantake anythingfrom theshelf andread,but pleasethebooks whenyouve finishedwith them.A.put OnB.put downC.put backD.put Off【解析】句意你可以从书架上随便拿书去读,但是读完以后请把书放回原处这四个短语动词分别具有以下用法put on穿上(衣服),打.开(电器)开关,长胖或增加若干体重,演出(戏剧)等;put down将(飞机)着陆,(公共汽车)让某人下车,羞辱或怠慢某人,把事物储藏起来,把某物写下来,使用力量或权威禁止、压制或废止某事物putoff(车船)停住让某人下去推迟或取消会议或与某人的约会,使某人不高兴,关掉某电器put back把某物放回原处,把(钟表指针)倒拨,使某物延期或推迟等显然,只有putback把某物放回原处”,才能使题干句语意通达【答案】C
2.(典型例J题ospitalstaffburstintocheersafterdoctorscompleteda20-houroperation tohave one-yearoldtwinsatthehead.A.isolatedB.separatedC.dividedD.removed答案B指导isolate意义”孤立,隔离”,separate意为“分离,分开”,强调把原本分开的东西隔开divide强调把整体分成部分remove则表示“移开,移走,去除”根据题干是给一岁大的连体双胞胎做分离手术,故应选择B为正确答案
3.(典型例题)It wasnot aserious illness,and shesoon it.A.got overB.got onwithC.got aroundD.got outof答案A指导getovertoreturntoonesusualstateOfhealth从疾病中恢复过来getonwith有很多意思,其中常见的意思是“……进展,与……相处:geta round逃避,回避getout出版,发表,生产,逃走
4.(典型例题)Theysee youas somethingofa worrier;problems whichdont existandcrossing bridgeslong beforeyou come to them.A.settlingB.discoveringC.seeingD.designing答案C指导根据后面的dontexist可排除选项A、B,因为既然不存在,也就谈不上解决或发现;选项C意思是“设想、想象”,强调主观空想;D的意思是“计划、设计、策划等”,强调周密的思考,具有很强的科学性句意他们把你看作一个令人烦躁的人,因为你老是想到一些根本不存在的问题,并操之过急显然对习语~crossbridgeslongbeforeyoucometothem”的正确理解彳艮重要
5.(典型例题--How abouteight oclockoutside thecinema-That mefine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits答案D指导that指发话人的提议(meetingat)eightclockoutsidethecinema八点钟在电影院处(见面)答话人表示在意思这个提议正好适合我四个动词的意义和用法差异如下
①.fit指某物在大小、外形上适合某人或某物
②meet指某物能够满足某需求、要求或条件
③satisfy指某人或某物足以让人感到满足或高兴
④Stilt指某示情况对某人来说是可接受的或方便的,而且常常用very well或fine(=verywell)修饰来加强程度综合以上信息可以断定,最佳选项应是D项II题点经典类型题.(典型例题).Her talentand experienceher tot.he respectof hercolleagues.A.permittedB.qualifiedC.deservedD.entitled【解析】permit”允许,后加
①名/代/动名词;
②宾语+todosthqualify”(使)具有资格,给(人)某种权利”,其搭配是qualifysb.for/as sth;deserve”应受(奖励等),值得”,后直接加宾语;entitle”给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利”,其常用搭配是entitle sb.to sth.句意她的才智和经验使得她得到了同事的尊敬【答案】D.(典型例题断)When yourewrite theparagraph,I adviseyou to thelast sentenceas itis rathermisleading.A pointoutB.make outC.leave outD.put out答案C指导leaveout省去,删去……因为容易引起误解,重写这一段时我建议把最后一句删去”
1.(典型例题测)The moreone isthe English-speaking environment,the betterhe orshewill learnthe language.A.exposed to,B.filled inC.caught onD.kept up答案A指导exposedto使接触,be案ledin被填人
2.(典型例题)A studenthis familylots ofmoney foreducation.A.spendsB.costsC.takesD.pays答案B指导动词后面接双宾语,故用cost.受for的影响易错选D.
3.(典型例题航)Under goodtreatment,Linda isbeginning toand willsoon recover.A.pick upB,pick outC.turn upD.show up答案A指导pick UP在此表示“改善,好转”之意
1.1didnttheseriousness ofthe countrysproblems untilIwent theremyself.A.realize;trueB.recognize;realC.realize;realD.recognize;true答案A指导前项所缺的词,应意为“意识到”;后项所缺的词,应意为“真正的严重性”,true意为“真正的”,“与事实一致的”
2.Lets notdrink allthe ricewine now.We cansome forlater,use.A.haveB.stayC.keepD.remain答案C指导作“保留解时,stay后跟形容词,表状态的持续remain为不及物动词;而keep为及物动词故选C
3.Everyone knowsAmericans asYankswhichYankees usedduringthe CivilWar forthe northernstates forthe.US.A.is shortfor B.meansC.stands asD.shows答案A指导isshortfor是的简称
4.1f youredriving there,!wonder ifyou cangive mea.A.handB.seatC.driveD.lift答案D指导:givemealift捎我一程
5.We mustfigure outhow tosolve the problem assoon aspossible.So wehaventzgot muchtime.A.arrive atthe spotB.have anideaC.get to the pointD.cometoan end答案C指导get tothe point言归正传
6.The workersagreed tothe strikeif theirdemand wasimmediatelysatisfied.A.call forB.call outC.call upD.call off答案D指导call/取消,停止考场热身—Id like to go tothemovie withyou,Dad.—Sorry,my son,but onlythe grown—ups areinto thecinema.A.requiredB.intendedC.admittedD.supposed答案C指导beadmitted into固定搭配,“允许进入;若用in tend就和介词for搭配
1.-How cantheproblembe solved--Well,we mustit.tothepresidents ownjudgment.A.dependB.leaveC.suggestD.realize答案B指导leave…toonesownjudgement是固定词组,“交给某人自己决定
2.While hewas inhis collegedays heused tolong hair.A.dressB.wearC.remainD.growB指导“蓄头发”只用wear,其它几个词可以和衣物搭配,但不能指留头发
3.—Where doesMr Greencome from—Im notsure,but hisEnglish Australia.A.suggestsB.soundsC.advisesD.shows答案A指导suggest在此为“说明、表明”后直接接宾语;sounds后应为澳大利亚人
4.His answerus bysurprise.A.caughtB.puzzledC.shockedD.took答案D指导takesbbysurprise”是固定词组,“让某人吃惊,使惊讶二
6.1t looksas ifthey aregoing tous alot ofmoney forthe concerthall.A.demandB.costC.chargeD.ask答案C指导demand意思不符;cost的主语应是物;若用ask,需和for搭配,ask sb.for sth.
7.-All thelights havegone outin ourclassroom buildhl—Yes.Perhaps theyhave electricity.A.cut throughB.cut downC.cut offD.cut up答案C指导Cutoff”切断水、电等的供应」由上文灯全熄了可以判断他们可能停止供电了
8.When theycame in,Mr Harrislike ababy.Nohe wouldliketowakehim froma gooddream.He neeresL.A.fell asleepB.was soundasleepC.got asleepD.went tosleep答案B指导“他们进来时,Mr Harris正在熟睡”在此应为表状态的词,而fall asleep和gotosleep都表动作“入睡”,“去睡觉”
9.The boss30dollars frommy salarywithout goodreason.A.brought downB.kept backC.cut offD.held up答案B指导keep back扣留”;bring down使……的价钱降下来”;out off“切断;holdu旷阻碍二
10.-How muchwill itmy fatherand meto goChicagoIts$120in all.A.pay forB.take,asC.spendD.cost for答案D指导hcostssb.somemoneyforsb.to dosth.意为“某人做某事花费了一些钱”还可以说sth costssb.some money.。