还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
第四讲形容词和副词典型例题
1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点:1形容词的比较级和最高级;2在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义另外,考杳形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少
2.对于比较级的考查,淡化结构,注重深层语义“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的,而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的
3.在加强考查词义辨析的题目中,高考不但加强了对语义的考查而不仅仅是语法,随着新教材词汇量的增大,而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查应试同分瓶颈要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力
1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语
2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加・ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如hard—hardly.
3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序,形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析,要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识1加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度在理解上,不能留任何疑点2加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不寓义”做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择1判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,•般应用副词但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词短语可作伴随或结果状语2分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级3注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型本类考题解答锦囊形容词的考查注意以下几点
1.表示倍数的三个句型
①times,as+形容词原级+asThis tableis3times asbig asthat one.
②times the+性质名词+ofThis tableis3times the size ofthat one.
③times+形容词比较级+thanThis tableis twicebigger than that one.
2.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个.以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后如asmallwonderfulgilt常用的顺序为限定词these,those...+数量形容词three+描绘性形容词beautiful+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词large,long,high+新旧old+颜色red+国籍Chinese+材料Wood+用途writing+被修饰名词desk请大家试试opshacorn这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,以掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序opshacorn中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如horrible,lovely,nice等;sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如10ng,short,round,narrow等;a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new,young等;c代表c典型例题表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,alnminium等英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如anicelongnewblackBrishplasticpen.当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感如another threeEnglish books另外三本英语书all theselast fewdays最近的这些日子some beautifullittle redflowers一些美丽的小红花a highred brickwall一堵高高的红破墙a beautifulwhite Japanesemilitary jeep一辆漂亮,的白色的日本军用吉普车本类考题解答锦囊例典型例题Mary keptweiglhing herselfto see how muchshewas getting.A.heavier B.heavy C.the heavierD.the heaviest【解析】句意;玛丽不断地称自己的体重,看看体重增了多少此题容易误选B项,事实上much不能修饰•般形容词、副词的原级形式much作副词时,
①常与否定动词连用,
②与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用
③与,形容词的比较级和最高级连用选择B项时,考生在这一点上根本扰未加考虑,仅凭模模糊糊的语感就做出了选择注意,可以说how heavy,但是不可以说howmuchheavy.另外,本题的语境也决定了Mary想要知道的是自己体重的变化值纱我们可以另设一个情景Mary weighedherseif toseehowheavyshewas.玛丽称了一下,看自己的体重用多少【答案】A本类考题解答锦囊高考对副词的考查除了也考比较级外,还要注意副词的两种形式其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly.这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同,应加以注意常见的有close接近指距离--closely仔细地,密切地free免费一freely自由地,自如地deep深一deeply深刻地,深入地hard努力地一一bardly几乎不wide宽阔一Widely广泛地high高■highly高度地late晚、迟一lately近来near邻近--nearly几乎most最一mostly主要地;绝大多数地easy从容地一easily容易地说明有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同换言之,有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性常见的有early,straight,slOW,enough,fast,hard,lOng,nrm等例(典型例题hisanywonderthat hisfriend doesntlike watchingtelevisionmuch.A.no B.Such C.nearly D.hardly【解析】D,n为形容词,相当于notany或nota,故谊题不可选用,可用于hisnowonderthat...根据题意,该题应使用另外一个否定词,即否定副词hardly,相当于almostnot.【答案】DI高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题)Allen hadto calla taxibecause thebox wasto carryallthe wayhome.A.much too heavyB.too muchheavyC.heavy too muchD.too heavymuch【解析】根据句子结构,空白处应为一项形容词或形容词短评作表语根据句意和选择项,heavy应为中心词,much too,修饰形容词heavy,且置于其前而too much一般修饰动词和不可数名词tooheavymuch为一错误排列【答案】A.(典型例题)The greatsuccess ofthis programmebas beendue to thesupport givenby thelocal businessmen.A.ratherB.veryC.quicklyD.largely答案D指导选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度;选项B只能修饰形容词或副词,而不能修饰动词;选项C表示行动的敏捷;选项D表示•个大的范围或方面根据句子的意思,答案选D,意思是这个项目之所以取得成功,在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持
2.(典型例题)Id like to buya house-modern,comfortable,and ina quietneighborhood.A.in all.B.above allC.after allD.at all答案B指导选项A的意思是总计,共计;B的意思是首先,最重要的是;C的意思是毕竟,终究;D的意思是根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)根据句子的意思,答案选B.
4.(典型例题)The numberof peoplepresent atthe concertwas thanexpected.There,were manytickets left.A.much smallerB.much moreC.much largerD.many more答案A指导根据英语表示数字大小的习惯,排除选项B、D;根据下文manyticketsleft的意思,答案选A.
5.(典型例题)John Smith,a successfulbusinessman,has acar.A.large GermanwhiteB.large whiteGermanC.which largeGermanD.German largewhite答案B指导多个形容词作定语时的位置关系,请看形容词考题解答锦囊(总限观,大形龄,色国材,目的用途名词前)而large表大小,white表颜色,German表国籍答案选B.II题点经典类型题.(典型例题)students arerequired totake partin theboat race.A.Ten strongyoung ChineseB.Ten Chinesestrong youngC.Chinese tenyoung strongD.Young strongten Chinese【解析】多个形容词作定主的位置关系参看前面的考题解囊ten(数词,表限制),strong(描绘性形容词、感官),young(年龄),Chinese(国籍),由此,答案选A.【答案】A.(典型例题)Livinginahighlysociety,youdefinitelyhavetofillyourselfwith asmuch knowledgeas possible.A.attractiveB.favorableC.communicatedD.competitive答案D指导ahighlycompetitivesoviety表示“一个竞争十分激烈的社会”
1.(典型例题)My friendPaul wascheated whenhe paid$1,000for thatsecond-handcar;it wasnot worth.A.that allmuchB.all that muchC.thatmuch allD.muchall that答案B指导allthat这里为副词修饰形容词much,一起作worth的表语
2.(典型例题)1think yoursister isold enough to knowto spendall hermoneyonbeautiful dresses.A.other thanB.rather thanC.better thanD.more than答案C指导know better(thanthat/than todo sth.)明白事理而不至于….”,又如You oughtto knowbetter(thar)to trusther).你应当明白(她这个人不能相信)
3.(典型例题测)The SinaiPeninsula,which wasreturned toEgypt in1982Js.A.as three times largeas IsraelB.three timeslarge thanIsraelC.three timesIsraels sizeD.thesizeof Israelsthreetimes答案C指导这里考查比较结构的构成,应为量词词组+as+adj原级,或量词词组+adj.比较级+than或量词词组+the sideof...,故选D.
1.Judging bythe lookon hisface,he didntthink ofour plan.A.well B.good C.nice D.joy答案A指导thinkwellOf=thinkhightlyof赞扬、评价很高
2.—novel.Would youliketoread itA.An Australiannew interesting historicalB.A newinterestinghistoricalAustralianC.An interesting new AustalianhistoricalD.A historicalinterestingnewAustralian答案C指导考查形容词词序的知识
3.What hehas done is farfrom.A.satisfactoryB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy答案A指导besatisfactory令人满意befarfromsatisfactory远不能令人满意
4.-Is theflower beautiful-Yes.At leastits theone Iboughtyesterday.A.no betterthanB.no worsethanC.asbad asD.not betterthan答案B指导noworsethan不比……差意为不比我昨天买的差
5.—Has the design ofthe citysquare beendecided-No,its stillto suggestion.A.openB.welcomeC.readyD.acceptable答案A指导it指thedesignofthe citysquare依然开放接受各种建议
6.Of thetwo toysthe childchose.zA.the mostexpensive oneB.the lessexpensive oneC.a lessexpensive oneD.the mostexpensive ofthem答案B指导前文指在两个玩具中选择,所以是比较级the lessexpensive one,“那个较便宜的”选项C表示一个较便宜的,没有明确选择范围考场热身—Are youpleased withwhat hehas done—Not in the least.It couldntbe.A.so badB.much betterC.any worseD.the best答案C解析句意他的所作所为不可能再坏了(已经坏到极至了)
1.—Wait untilwe geta satisfactoryreply willyouz—I couldntagree.The ideasounds greatto me.A.muchB.worseC.moreD.at all答案C解析句意我非常同意
3.1d ratherread thanwatch television;the programsseem allthe time.A.to getworseB.to ha.ve gotworseC.that itis getting worseD.to begettingworse4,How arethese shoes答案D解析A项应是togetworseandworse;C项•的正确表达应是it seemsthatprogramsare gettingworse.
4.—Theyre tooloose.I need..A.one sizesmall B.one sizesmallerC.one smallersize D.one smallsize答案B解析句意我需要小一号的
5.Because ofthe snowhe drovejust280kilometres in5hours,so thespeed was56kph.A.basicB.wholeC.totalD.average答案D解析平均速度
6.Exercise is as anyother tolose unwantedweight.A.so usefula wayB.as auseful wayC.as usefula wayD.such auseful way答案C解析固定语序as/so+adj+an+名词
7.His lazinessat workmade himwith hisworkmates.A.distrusted B.dislikedC.unpopular D.unwelcome答案C解析bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎喜爱welcome的常见.说法sbiswelcometodos.th/to sth.被允许的;可随意使用的如Youarewelcometouseanythinghere.这儿的任何东西你尽管使用好了
8.-Peter,why didntyou go totheflower show-I thinkits somethingpleasant.A.far moreB.far lessC.toomuchD.much too答案B解析less用作副词时修饰形容词、副词或动词,意为“不如……,较少……工far意为“很,远远地”修饰形容词、副词短语及其比较级、最高级根据语境“你没有去看花展”可排除A和D两项toomuch多修饰不可数名词或独立使用
9.—How muchdo youlike yourcar—Iwould havepaid forit.A.Very.much;as twicemuchB.Very much;twice asmuchC.Wonderful itwice asmuchD.Wouderful;even more答案B解析回答Howmuch...like...”问句,需使用副词,故排除了Wonderful.“倍数词+asas...”意为“是……的几倍”注意区别Howdoyoulike...你认为……怎么样?10-The youngman isgood ata lotof thingsbut youcant sayhe is.-I agreewith you.Actually nooneis.A.wonderful B.splendidC.perfectD.complete答案C解析perfect意为“完美的,无缺点的wonderful意为“神奇的,惊奇的”splendid意为“壮丽的,华丽的二complete意为“完全的,彻底的”本类考题解答锦囊
1.分清形容词和副词,譬如某些以一ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词,eg.friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly,timely等
2.正确选则形容词和副词,注意二者不同的作用形容词修饰名词做作语;置于系动词后,作表词;还常作一些动词的宾补副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词,作状语
3.注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况譬加ill,content,afraid,aliVe,alorle,asleep,awake,worth等表语形容词,它们只作表语,不作前置定语,并有固定的副词来修饰它们例如well content,all/very muchalone,sound/fast asleep,wide awake,well worth等有些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以形容词-ly构成,但它们有不同的含义例如close/close—ly,.free/freely,high/highly,wide widely,deep/deeply,hard/hardly,most/mostly等
4.要分清不同类的“级”,以免混淆
5.区别修饰各“级”的副词I高考最新热门题.NMET20典型例题uld describemyself asshy andqmetly«【答案】quietly-quiet.and连接二个并列成分,as后接形容词
1.NMET20典型例题Their childrencannotgo tosch.ool becausethey hadnot enoughmoneyto sendtheir childrento there.答案划掉there前的to.there是副词作状语,前面不加仍.II题点经典类型题.典型例题Theylookfor animmediatelypleasurefromadangenous activity.【答案】immediately—immediato.immediate形容词作定语修饰pleasure.
1.典型例题You shouldntstand tooclosely tohim.答案closely-close.两者都是副词但意义不同close靠近,挨近,closely紧密地,紧紧地
2.典型例题检测Because herson Tomseemed terribleill.答案terrible-terribly.副词修饰形容词iu,病得很重
1.形容词lThe treeisashigh sayou.答案hish改为tall形容细而高的东西用形容词tall.2The oldman looksvery health.答案health改为healty.healthy,形容词作表语3China isa countrywJth manypopulation.答案many改为large.形容人口众多,用形容词large.4Big changeshave takenplace inour country.答案Big改为Great.形容变化大,用形容词great.5I havefinished fourarticles thisweek lonely.答案lonely改为alone,alone,单单,只lonely,孤独的,寂寞的6The saladtasted sowell thatthe girlreturned tothe saladbar formore.答案wdl改为good或lidouxwell用作形容词,意为“健康的”7After twoweeks carefultreatment,her motherwas goodenoughto gotowork.答案good改为well,well,形容词,表示“健康的”8Seeing thetrouble hecaused,he promisedto bemore carefullyin thefuture.答案carefully改为careful.形容词作表语9W.hen youlearn aforeign language,youll findit notdifficulty ifyou practisea lot.答案difficulty改为difficult.形容词作宾语补足语10Dont sleepwith thewindows opened.答案opened改为open,with+n.+dd/.构成with复合结构11Swimming isa muchbetter dailyexercise thanwalk.答案walk改为walking,swimming和walking进行比较12Farther explanationis unnecessary.答案Farther改为Further,further进一步的、更深的;farther更远的13We mustmake asfewer mistakesas possible.答案fewer改为few.asfew...as,在as..as结构中用形容词原级14We havefew timetogoover thetext.答案:few改为little,little修饰不可数名词15Mary ismuch tallthan anyother girlin theclass.答案tall改为taller.此处为比较结构16This morningI gotup verylately.答案lately改为late.latelyadv.近来,最后;lateadv.迟、晚1If youdont go,I wontgo,too.答案too改为either.too用于肯定句;either用于否定句2There arewild animalsdeeply inthe forest.答案:deeply改为deep.deeplyadv.用于抽象、比较意义“深深地”,如bedeeplymoved被深深感动;deepadv.用于具体的深度,包括时间和空间,Su Theydived deepinthesea.他们深潜海里talk deepinto thenight谈到深夜3A teachershould knowhis studentsvery much.答案much改为well,know sb.well很了解某人4He toldme thatnearly nothingthere wasworth lookinginto.答案nearly改为almost.almost和never,nO,more,nothing,nobody,nowhere,too,morethan等连用,而nearly不能5The fastyou run,the sooneryoull getthere.答案fast改为faster..themore…themore...句式6Even thoughhe isthe mostfastest runner;.he isnot goodathlete becausehelacks courage.答案most去掉themostfastest最高级形式重更7I cantfind thebook everywhere.答案everywhere改为anywhere,not...anywhere8The boyis verycleverer than the girl.答案very改为much,very不能修饰比较级9Airplanes canfly furtherand fasterthanthefastest bird.答案further改为farther.further更进一步;farther更远。