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题型一阅读理解词义猜测题督【专题导航】目录
一、考情概述1
二、命题特点1
三、选项特点2
四、链高考•探究2
五、考法解题能力提升7
六、精选考点题型专练
13、考情概述词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型,也是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的重要形式每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题一般不超过两道除了直接命题考查词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中，有时会有一些生僻的单词或短语，且文中没有附加注释，这时就需要考生根据上下文猜测词义，从而准确理解文章，这是对词义猜测的一种间接考查词义猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词组、句子的本义或延伸义以及代词的指代意义的能力要求猜测词义的词一般为动词、名词、形容词或代词等，这些词要么是生僻词,要么是考生比较熟悉的又有生僻义的词，有时还会要求考生猜测一句话的含义
二、命题特点.常考的角度1⑴熟词生义，即常用词在特殊语言环境中具有的特殊意义⑵专业化程度较高的词的含义幻灯片7⑶生僻词的含义代词所指代的含义
4.常见的设问形式2方法点拨在猜测熟词的生僻含义时,我们可以依据上下文语境、文章的逻辑关系等来判断正确答案Weve allknown people who run out of steam beforethey reachlifes halfwaymark.Im nottalking about thosewho failto getto thetop.We cantall getthere.Fm talkingabout peoplewho havestoppedlearning ongrowing becausethey have adopted thefixed attitudesand opinionsthat alltoo oftencomewith passingyears.♦••
52.What does the underlinedpart in Paragraph3probably meanA.End onesstruggle forliberty.B.Waste onesenergy takingrisks.C.Miss theopportunity tosucceed.D.Lose theinterest tocontinue learning.【解析】画线部分中的原本意为”用完;耗尽”,原本意为“蒸汽”此时runout ofsteam考生会发现，每个单词都认识,但连在一起就不知所云了此时可借助逻辑关系来猜测词义下文使用了”这种暗含转折的表达来解释这个短语的意“Im nottalkingabout...Tm talkingabout…思，根据后面的内容可推出,画线Tm talkingabout”peoplewhohave stoppedlearning ongrowing”部分表示“失去了继续学习的兴趣，故选D方法总结利用逻辑关系猜测词义.同义逻辑关系1等表示前后意思相同或者相近，我们可利用它们表also,as...as,similarly,and,or,just as,likewise示的同义逻辑关系推测生词意思如Like heryounger sisterwho isgregarious,Alice alsolikes to make friends.分析根据句中的“和匕可知,和她的妹妹一样喜欢交朋友，由此可推测Like”Iso”Alice gregarious与”喜欢交朋友”意思相近，意为”合群的谖交朋友的”.反义逻辑关系2等常用来表示前后in contrast,on thecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while,quite thereverse意思相反，我们可以根据它们表示的反义逻辑关系推断单词或短语的意思如Unlike the United States,where manydifferent nationalitiesmake upthe population,Japans populationisquite homogeneous.分析本句通过将美国和日本进行对比,美国的人口由多个民族组成，根据反义关系推测Unlike的意思应是由同类人组成的”homogeneous.因果逻辑关系3也可以借助因果关系来猜测词义英语中常用的表示因果关系的词或短语有since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,owing to,thanks to,on accountof,result in,result from,…等如as aresult,for thisreason,accordingly,so/such...thatTom isconsidered anautocratic administratorbecause hemakes decisionswithout seekingthe opinionsofothers.分析表明主从句是因果关系,从后面的原因”他不征求别人的意见就作出决定”可以推because测,的意思为”独裁的，专制的，autocratic考法猜测代词的指代意义3命题透视纵观近五年高考阅读理解中的代词指代题可以看出，高考中常考的是人称代词（）以及指示代词的指代对象,年新高考（山东）第题考查了指示代词I,it,them that2020I9that的指代,年全国第题考查了人称代词的指代2019II21I方法点拨文章中的代词等通常指代上文提到的人或事物,因此其指代含L it,that,them义也通常在其前的内容中寻找.有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得2出代词所指代的事物.一般来讲，代词指代题不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象，都需要借助上下文语境以及逻辑3关系来进行猜测The traffic signals alongFactoria Boulevardin Bellevue,Washington,generally dontflash the samelength of green twicein arow,especially atrush hour.At9:30am,the fullred/yellow/green signalcyclemight be140seconds.By9:33am,a burstof additionaltraffic mightpush itto145seconds.Less trafficat9:37am couldpush itdown to
135.Just likethe trafficitself,the timingof thesignals changes.That isby design.Bellevue,a fast-growing cityjust eastof Seattle,uses asystem that is gaining（十字路口）popularity aroundthe US:intersection signalsthat canadjust inreal time to trafficconditions.These lights,known as adaptive signals,have ledto significantdeclines inboth thetroubleand cost of travelsbetween workand home.
25.What doesthe underlined word thatin paragraph2refer toA.Increased lengthofgreenlights.B.The shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexible timingof trafficsignals.D.Smooth trafficflow on the road.【解析】根据第一段尾句并结Just likethe trafficitself,the timingof thesignals changes”合前文可知，华盛顿该地区的交通信号灯会根据交通情况灵活安排红绿灯时间,同时根据画线词后的“可知,这种灵活时间是专门设计的，故指的是灵活的交通信号灯时间安排by design”that故选C考法猜测句子含义4命题透视猜测句子含义题是近几年新出现的一种设问方式一般来讲，画线句中生词不占主导地位,但无法单独通过字面意思理解句子的隐含意义如浙江月第题猜测2019624在文中的含义全国第题猜测在文中的Money withno stringsattached”,2018HI32more is more”含义方法点拨针对猜测句子含义的试题，考生必须回归原文，将画线句的前后句，甚至前后段进行归纳总结，再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较，选出最为接近的选项解答此类试题的线索主要有两个:一是上下文语境，二是句子的字面含义（考古学）Archeology isntthe dustyscience whichwas ageneration ago.New technologiesthatonce seemedout ofsci-fi arenow locatingburied tracesof buildingsand revealingthe ruinsof cities...Now SarahParcak andher teamare aboutto takeon a new challengeas theyfocus GlobalXplorercitizen-science projecton India.•••In thefuture,she hopesother countrieswill contacther tolaunch their own satellite surveys.Thepossibilities arehuge.Parcak estimatesthat thereare at least12million potentialarchaeological sitesyetto bediscovered.That meansthe skyis thelimit for her project...
11.What doesthe underlinedsentence Thepossibilities arehuge meanA.Parcaks projectwill becomesuccessful.B.Few countrieswill startsatellite surveys.C.There willbe amazingdiscoveries inIndia.D.More archaeological sites willbe identified.【解析】根据画线句的前一句In thefuture,she hopesother countrieswill contacther tolaunch可知，将来希望其他国家会联系她发起他们自己的卫星调查;theirownsatellitesurveys”Parcak根据后——句Parcak estimatesthat thereare at least12million potentialarchaeologicalsitesyet to be可知,估计至少有万潜在的古迹遗址有待发现;再根据画线句本义”可能discovered”Parcak1200性很大可知，古迹遗址被发现的可能性是很大的,由此可以推断会有更多的考古遗址被确认故选D
六、精选考点题型专练Passage1语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文克服对“水”的恐惧分钟356★★6At eleven,I decided to learnto swim.There was a poolat theYMCA offeringexactly theopportunity.My mothercontinually warnedagainst it,and keptfresh inmy mindthe detailsof eachdrowningin theriver.But theYMCA poolwas safe.I hada childhoodfear of water.This startedwhen I was threeyears oldand myfather tookmeto thebeach.The hugewaves knockedme downand swept over me.The poolwas quiet.T wasafraid of going in all alone,so Isat onone sideof the pool towait forothers.Then camea bigboy.He yelled,Hi,howd youlike to be duckedHWiththat hepicked meup andthrewme into the deepend.I landedin asitting position,and swallowedwater.But Iwas not frightenedout ofmy wits-when myfeet hitthe bottom,I wouldmake a big jumpto comeout of the surface.Itseemed along waydown.I gatheredall mystrength whenI landedand madewhat Ithought wasa greatspringupwards.Then Iopened myeyes andsaw nothingbut water.I triedto yellbut nosound cameout.I wentdown,down,endlessly.When Icame toconsciousness,I foundmyself lyingon thebed in the hospital.I neverwent backto the pool.I avoidedwater wheneverI could.This misadventurestayed withmeas theyears rolledby.It deprivedme of the joyof boatingand swimming.Finally,I decidedto get aninstructor.Piece bypiece,he builta swimmer.Several monthslater,the instructorwas finished,but1was not.Sometimes the terror would return.This wenton untilJuly.I swamacross theLake Wentworth.Only oncedid theterror return.WhenI wasin themiddle of the lake,I putmy faceunder andsaw nothingbut bottomlesswater.I laughedandsaid,Well,Mr.Terror,what doyou thinkyou cando tomeI hadconquered myfear ofwater.l.The authorsoriginal fearofwaterwas caused by.A.his poorskill inswimmingB.his motherswarning of drowningC.an outingto thebeach withhis fatherD.an unpleasantmemory of thepool
2.Why was the authornot scaredto deathwhen he was throwninto thewaterA.He knewhow toswim in thepool.B.He feltthat theYMCA poolwas safe.C.He waswaiting forothers tosave him.D.He cameup with an ideaofgoingupwards.
3.By expressingbut Iwas notninParagraph5,the authorprobably means.A.he wasstill apoor swimmerB.he hadnot overcomethe fearyetC.he wasnot afraidofdrowningany moreD.hewasnot satisfiedwith theswimming trainingE.Which of the following is thebest titlefor the textA.Goodbye,Mr.TerrorB.Hello,Childhood FearC.A SwimmingAdventureD.My Passionfor Swimming【解析】三岁时”我随着父亲在海滩玩耍,曾被海浪撞倒过,自此‘我”对水产生了恐惧;十一岁学习游泳时，“我”被一个男孩扔进游泳池，这次经历让“我“自此避免水但“我”仍然想享受游泳的乐趣，于是“我”请了专业指导老师，指导结束后“我”仍然没有克服对水的恐惧后来在一次游泳中，“我”终于克服了对水的恐惧考查细节理解根据第二段，特别是该段前两句可知,作者对水的恐惧源于三岁的时候被父
1.C亲带到海滩，被海浪撞倒的经历，故项正确C考查细节理解根据第三段中的可知,
2.D ButIwasnotfrightened...to comeoutof the surface”作者并没有吓得要死，因为他认为一旦他的脚着池底，他能猛跃，跳出水面据此可知，作者并不害怕的原因是他想到了跳出水面的方法，故项正确D考查词义猜测根据画线句的下句可知，有时恐惧还会
3.B Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn”卷土重来;据此可以判断，画线句表示作者还没能克服恐惧，故项正确B考查最佳标题结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者克服对水的恐惧的过程，故项最
4.A A适合作本文的标题Passage2语篇类型|赢词数难度建议时间议论文东京奥运会推迟★★分钟20203557The decisionon Tuesdayby Japanand theInternational OlympicCommittee IOCto postponetheTokyo2020Olympic Gamesuntil nextsummer because of theCOVID-19pandemic musthave beenahard oneto make.一Although the Games have been canceled-three timesin all,in1916,1940and1944due tothetwo worldwars,in themodem Olympicshistory ofmore than120years,never beforehave anyGamesbeen postponedto adifferent year.Nonetheless,the decisionis theright one.If jtis not brought under control,the harmdone tohumansociety by the pandemic could be more serious and far-reaching thaneven thetwo worldwars.Given thenumber of countriesaffected andsocial andeconomic shockwaves thathavebeencausedby the rapidspreadof thevirus,postponing the Games isthe onlyright andsensible choicetomake.After all,nothing ismore importantthan peopleslives.Postponing the Games not only safeguardsthehealth of athletes,audiences andeveryone involvedin the Games,but alsoreduces potentialtransmissionof thevirus fromone placeto another.Even lookingat itfrom only a sportinglevel,thepandemic hasalready causedhuge disruptionsto athletes,training andthe qualificationprocess.It isundoubtedly abig blowfor Japan,which hasprepared meticulouslyfor thelargest sportseventin the world,including renovating and upgrading its infrastructure and sportsvenues,such asrebuildingTokyos Olympic Stadium at a costof$
1.45billion.Japan willsuffer ahuge loss,at leastin theshortterm.The internationalcommunity owesabigthank younto Japanfor allit hasdone for the Gamesdespitethe postponement.Thafs why theGames will stillbe calledthe Tokyo2020Olympic andParalympic Games despitetaking placein
2021.The Olympic flame willalso remainstored anddisplayedin Japan.More importantly,all membersin the Olympic family,guided by the Olympicspirit ofrespect andunderstanding,are morallybound tostand behindJapan togo throughthis mostdifficult momentin theGameshistory.
1.What doesthe wordit inParagraph3refer toA.The decision.B.The Games.C.The pandemic.D.The war.
2.What doesthe underlinedwordnmeticulouslyn inParagraph5probably meanA.Wisely.B.Recently.C.Easily.D.Precisely.
3.We knowfrom thepassage.A.theGamesshould beput offin timesof warsand disastersB.theGames will stillbe calledthe Tokyo2020Olympic andParalympicGamesfor JapanssacrificeC.postponing theGameswillhaveabad influenceon theathletesD.theOlympicfamily willhave tomake upfor theloss ofJapan
4.What canwe learnfrom thelast paragraphA.The Olympicfamily willsupport Japan.B.Japan willkeep theOlympicflameburning.C.Postponing theGameswillbring theworld hope.D.Tokyo willbecome thesymbol of theGames.【解析】日本为年东京奥运会做了精心的准备，但它却因新冠肺炎大流行病而被推迟到2020年，这对日本是一个巨大的打击但是，这是一个正确的决定,应得到支持2021考查代词指代根据第三段中的
1.C Ifit isnotbroughtundercontrol,the harmdone tohuman society可知,如果不被bythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar-reaching thaneven thetwo worldwars”控制，流行病对人类社会所造成的危害甚至比两次世界大战更严重，由此可知指代“流行Jit”病”，故项正确C考查词义猜测根据第五段中的
2.D includingrenovatingandupgradingitsinfrastructureandsports可知，日本对基础设venues,such asrebuilding TokyosOlympicStadiumatacostof$
1.45billion”施和体育馆进行翻新和升级，耗资亿美元重建东京的奥林匹克体育场由此可知，日本对
14.5这一体育赛事做了精心的准备项意为“明智地”;项意为“最近”;项意为”容易地”;A BC D项意为”精确地,认真地，一丝不苟地”，故选项D考查细节理解根据第六段前两句可知，国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切,这届
3.B奥运会尽管被推迟到年,但仍然被称为年东京奥运会和残奥会,由此可推知,因日本所20212020做的牺牲，这届奥运会仍会被称为年东京奥运会和残奥会故项正确2020B考查推理判断根据最后一段内容可知，所有奥林匹克大家庭成员在奥运会尊重和理解精
4.A神的指引下，在道义上，一定会支持日本度过奥运会历史上最困难的时刻由此可推知，奥林匹克大家庭会支持日本故项正确APassage3语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文何为“老”分钟262★★★7An agelessquestion:When issomeone oldWhat does“old”really meanthese daysThis isnta meaninglessquestion—not onlydoes thedefinition of oldhave anoutsized impacton howwe feel about ourselvesnot tomention howothersview us,it alsomatters topolicymakers determininghow toplan for aging populations.The UnitedNations historicallyhas definedolder personsas people60years oldor oversometimes
65.It doesntmatter whetheryou livein theUnited States,China orSenegal,even thoughlifeexpectancy isquite differentin eachof thosecountries.Everyone becomes old at
60.Researchers SergeiScherbov andWarren Sanderson,who studyaging,are suggestingoverturningthe one-size-fits-all definition of old”.Instead,they talk about prospective age”,which looksto thefuture.Everyone with the same prospective age has the same expected remaining years of life.Scherbov explainedthat youngand oldare relativeconcepts,and their common reference pointis lifeexpectancy.And thatold wouldvary betweennations makessense,especially betweenmore andlessdeveloped countries,with differencesin education,death rates,access tohealth careand lifeexpectancy.But whois oldalso varies-widely-between individuals.The point,says Scherbov,is thatpersonalage isdependent onour characteristics”——understanding abilities,disability,health historyandeven education levels.Those with more education tend not to smoke,exercise morefrequently,have一better diets and have regular checkupsand,therefore,live longer,meaning thebeginning of their oldagecomes later,says Scherbov.
1.What isthe firstparagraph mainly aboutA.How wefeelabout ourselves.B.The definitionof Holdn.C.The importanceof thedefinitionofold.D.The planfor agingpopulations.
2.What doesthe underlinedphrase prospectiveage1in paragraph3refer toaccording tothe textA.The expectedremaining yearsof oneslife.B.The beginningof onesold age.C.The differencesof ourcharacteristics”.D.The agewhen onebecomesold.
3.What similaritydoes Scherbovthink young”and noldnhaveA.Understanding abilities.B.Nations.C.Education.D.The referencepoint.
4.Which of the followinghelps oneto live longer according to ScherbovA.As muchexercise aspossible.B.Losing weight.C.Studying history.D.Improving theeducationlevel.【解析】“一个人什么时候变老是个永恒的问题本文就此介绍了相关的研究情况
1.C考查段落大意根据第一段第二句中的notonlydoesthedefinitionofold
9...for aging可知，本段主要讲的是对“老”的定义的重要性故选populations”C考查词义猜测根据第三段最后一句
2.A Everyonewith thesameprospectiveagehasthesame并结合语境可推知,即expectedremaining yearsof life”prospectiveagethe expectedremainingyears故选oflifeA
3.D考查细节理解根据第四段第一句中的theircommonreferencepointis lifeexpectancy1可知年轻“和“年老”的共同参照标准是预期寿命故选J Do考查推理判断根据最后一段最后一句中的
4.D Thosewith moreeducationtendnottosmoke,可exercise morefrequently,have betterdietsandhaveregularcheckups—and,therefore,livelonger”知，受教育更多的人活得更长，由此可推知，提高受教育水平有助于一个人活得更长故选DPassage4语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文能自学合作技能的机器人★★分钟3177（）Never play games witha botrobot—it willfind away tocheat ifit can.A teamfrom OpenAI,an artificialintelligence labin SanFrancisco,has developedartificially intelligentbots thattaughtthemselves tocooperate byplaying hide-and-seek.The botsalso learnedhow touse basictools tohelpwin.Bowen Bakerat OpenAIand his colleagues wantedto seeif the team-based dynamicsof theOpenAI Five couldbe usedto produceskills thatcould oneday beuseful tohumans.（模拟的）The researchersset theirbots looseinasimulated environmentfilled withfixed walls,movable boxesand ladders,and leftthem toplay teamgames ofhide-and-seek.The botseach hadtheirown viewof theworld andcouldnt communicatewith eachother directly.At first,the hiderssimply ranaway.But theysoon workedout that the quickest way tostop theseekerswas tofind objectsin the environment tohide themselvesfrom view.The seekerslearned thatthey could moveboxes aroundand usethem toclimb overwalls.The botsthen discoveredthat beingateam-player-passing objectsto eachother orcooperating ona hideout——wasthequickestwayto win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making useofproblems orfaults.Seekers foundthatif theypushed aladder towardsa wall,theycouldlaunch themselvesinto theair andspot hidersfromabove.Hiders foundthat theycould getrid of the laddersby pushingthem aside.It showsthat AIbots areable tofind solutionsthat humansmiss,says Baker.HMaybe theylleven be（跳跃）able tosolve problemsthat humansdont yetknow howto.However,it is a largeleap fromvirtualhide-and-seek toreal problem-solving.The main limitation is that it is insimulation/saysChelsea Finnat StanfordUniversity.l.Why didBowen and hiscolleaguesconduct the researchA.To teachbots toplaygames.B.To trainbots touse basictools.C.To findif botsmay cheatlike humans.lWhat doesthe underlinedword/phrase in paragraph...probably mean2What doesthe underlinedword...in paragraph...refer to3Which of the followingbest explainsn...underlined in paragraph...4Which of the followingcould replacethe underlinedphrase inparagraph....”？5Which of the followingis closestin meaningtothe underlinedword・・
三、选项特点.正确选项的特点1⑴相应词语的同义词语⑵对相应语句的解释、复述或概括.干扰项的特点2对原表达方式的不正确改写1信息不全2⑶半对半错曲解原意4这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达，给人似是而非的误导，考生要多加注意链高考-探究Passage1语篇类型:说明文主题:海狸鼠皮毛时装词数难度:★★★:324建议时间分钟7高考真题When youwere trying to figureout whatto buyfor the environmentalist onyour holidaylist,fur时装probably didntcross yourmind.But someecologists andfashion enthusiastsare tryingto bring海狸鼠.back the market forfur madefrom nutriaUnusualfashion showsin NewOrleans andBrooklyn haveshowcasednutria furmade intoclothes indifferent styles.nIt sounds crazy to talkabout guilt-free fur-unless youunderstand thatthe nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,nsays CreeMcCree,projectdirector ofRighteous Fur.Scientists inLouisiana wereso concernedthat theydecidedtopay hunters$5a tail.Someof thefur ends up in the fashion shows likethe onein Brooklynlast month.D.To seethe potentialof botscooperation.
3.Whafs thethird paragraphmainlyaboutA.The toolsof the research.B.The designof theresearch.C.The competitorsof thegame.D.The environmentof thegame.
3.What doesthe underlinedword Itin thelast paragraphrefer toA.Passing objects.B.Moving boxesaround.C.Making useof faults.D.Hiding themselvesfrom view.
4.What doesChelsea thinkof thefinding oftheresearchA.It canbridge agap in the AIresearch.B.It willnot beinfluenced bythe realworld.C.It willdefinitely helpthe realproblem-solving.D.It maynot berealized outofthevirtual world.本文主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜考查细节理解根据第二段可知的和他的同事们想看看
1.D QpenAIBowen BakerOpenAIFive的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能，故项正确D考查段落大意通读第三段可知,该段主要介绍了研究的设计:研究人员将机器人置于一个
1.B充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏;且彼此不能直接交流故项正确B考查词义猜测根据第五段第一句
3.C Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseof可知,但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应problems orfaults”的例子;结合尾段第一句可以判断，该句主语指代的是”机器人利用错误”,故项正确It C考查推理判断根据尾段尾句中所说的话
4.D Chelsea Finn Themainlimitationisthatit isin可知,认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的据此可simulation”Chelsea Finn以判断,认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生故项正确ChelseaFinnDPassage5语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文头像与性格间的关系分钟327★★★8When wemeet someonefor thefirst time,we usuallygetavague sense of what kind ofperson theyarebythe way theyshake hands,talk orwalk.In theage ofsocial networking,however,first impressionsaresometimes madeeven beforewe actuallymeet someonein person—that is,by lookingat their profilephoto.According toa recentstudy,these socialimages saya lotaboutourpersonality.In thestudy,a groupofresearchers fromthe Universityof Pennsylvaniain theUS usedsoftware toanalyze theprofile picturesof66,000users ofone USsocial platform.At thesame time,about434participants were asked tocompletea surveyabout their personality type.According tothe results,open peopleare morelikely topose inan unusualway anduse objectssuchas glassesor aguitar intheir profile photo becausethey enjoy new andexciting experiences.Meanwhile,neurotic people often holdback their negative emotions.They tryto avoidshowing theirface;instead,they usean imageof somethinglike apet,a carorabuilding.Thats becauseneurotic peopleare stronglyinfluenced bytheHstrong social norm against a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures
11.Apart fromthe objectsin profilepictures,the colorsused inthem alsogive ussome informationabout the photosowner.For example,extoaverts werefound tohave themost colorfulprofile images,asthey want to emphasizetheirpersonalityand showthemselves off.Daniel Preoiuc-Pietro fromthe Universityof Pennsylvaniawrote intheresearchpaper,HSocialmedia photosusually representan extensionof onesself,but theyalso allowa userto shapehis orherown personalityand idealizedview.So,when choosinga profile photo,maybe weshould askourselvesfirst whatkind of image wed like toconvey.After all,first impressionsalways last.l.Why doneurotic peopleoften avoidshowing theirface intheirprofile photoA.Because theyare fondof pets,cars andbuildings.B.Because theywanttoenjoynewexperiences.C.Because theydont wantto exposetheirnegativeimages.D.Because theyare notconfident about themselves.
2.What doesthe underlinedword inPara.4refer toA.Open people.B.Neurotic people.C.Negative people.D.Popular people.
3.What isthe writersattitude towardsthe choiceof a profilephotoA.Casual.B.Cautious.C.Worried.D.Unclear.
4.What doesthis textmainly talkaboutA.The relationshipbetween onesprofilephotoandhispersonality.B.Some adviceon howto choosea profilephoto.C.The differencebetween openpeople andneurotic people.D.The importanceofthefirst impression.研究发现,头像照片与性格之间有一定的关系性格外向者更倾向于在头像照片中摆不寻常的姿势,照片的颜色也最鲜艳，而神经质的人经常会抑制自己的负面情绪，避免展示脸考查细节理解根据题中的定位到文章第三段中的
1.C neurotic people neuroticpeopleoftenhold和back theirnegative emotionsThats becauseneuroticpeopleare stronglyinfluencedbythe strong由此可知，神经质的人避免socialnormagainsta verysadorangryappearanceinprofilepictures”展示他们的脸是因为他们不想暴露他们的负面形象，故项正确C考查词义猜测画线词所在句的后半部分说的是因为他们想强调自己的个性，展示自己,因
2.A此可推断画线词意为性格外向者”，故项正确A
3.B考查观点态度根据题干中的“the choiceof aprofilephoto”定位到文章最后一段中的HSo,when choosingaprofilephoto,maybe weshould askourselves firstwhatkindofimagewedliketo由此可推知作者对选择个人头像照片持谨慎的态度，convey.After all,first impressionsalways last”,故项正确B考查主旨大意通读全文可知，本文主要围绕一项研究展开,该研究探讨的是头像照片与性
4.A格之间的关系，故项正确APassage6语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间新闻报道中国努力研制新冠疫苗分钟253★★★8Inside thewhite,bacteria-free wallsof anew buildingon thesouthern outskirtsof Beijing,twoemployees wearingmasks andrubber glovesare busyinjecting aclear,colorless liquidinto rowsof smallbottles.The215,000square feetproduction plantwas builtin recentmonths specificallyfor producinga（疫苗）COVID-19vaccine developedby Chinesepharmaceutical companySinovac Biotech.CoronaVac,the vaccinecandidate fromSinovac,is part of Chinas push tobe atthe forefrontof（免疫接种）rolling out immunizations against the deadlynovel coronavirus.The Nasdaq-listed biotechcompanybegan developingits vaccinein lateJanuary.By June,China hadlargely containedthe epidemic,dealing withonlyasmall numberof outbreaks.Those newlyreported COVID-19cases inChina didntmeet the necessary conditionsfor a Phase3trial,so Sinovacreached anagreement withBrazil-which thenranked secondintheworld forcases ofinfection,withmore than
3.6million reportedcases.In cooperatingwith the Butantan Institutein SaoPaulo,a Phase3study waslaunched inlate Julyinvolving9,000volunteers,all healthprofessionals whohad workedwith COVID-19patients buthadntbeen infectedwiththevirus.The testsare ongoing,but DimasCovas,president oftheButantanInstitute,said Wednesdayprimarydata showedCoronaVac developedimmunity in97%ofthepeople vaccinatedafter twodoses-a levelhe saidwas fundamentalto breakthe chainof transmissionofthecoronavirus.
1.From whichofthefollowingisthetextprobably takenA.A biologytextbook.B.A newsreport.C.A bookreview.D.A travelbrochure.
2.What doesthe underlinedphrase rollingoutn inParagraph3meanA.Launching.B.Distributing.C.Guarding.D.Burning.
3.What isthenecessarycondition foraPhase3trialA.Chinas successfulcontainment ofthe epidemic.B.A sufficientnumberofinfected patients.C.All healthprofessionals andvolunteers.D.The Nasdaq-listed biotechcompany.
4.Which canbe asuitable titleforthetextA.The forefront:Chinaspush to developa coronavirusvaccine.B.Lockdown:Chinas successfulmove tocontain theoutbreaks.C.Infection:Brazils rankingsecond surprisestheworld.D.Immunity:Brazils effortsto breakthe chainof transmission.本文主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况考查文章出处通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况,据
1.B此可以判断，本文属于新闻报道，故项正确B考查词义猜测根据画线词组后面的并结合语境可知,
2.A againstthe deadlynovel coronavirus”此处表示推行防新型冠状病毒的免疫接种，故项正确A考查推理判断根据第四段内容可知，截至月,中国已基本控制住了新冠肺炎疫情，目前
3.B6正在处理少量的疫情爆发;中国新发现的新冠肺炎病例不符合三期试验的必要条件，因此科兴生物技术公司与巴西达成了协议，巴西的感染病例数量当时在世界上排名第二，报告的感染病例超过万据此可以推断，三期试验的必要条件是要有足够数量的感染者故项正确360B考查最佳标题通读全文可知，文章第三段中的
4.A CoronaVac,the vaccinecandidate fromSinovac,（免疫接种）is partof Chinaspushtobe atthe forefrontof rollingoutimmunizationsagainstthedeadly点出了文章的主题,全文围绕中国努力研制新冠疫苗展开故项适合作本文novel coronavirus”A的标题Nutria werebrought therefrom Argentinaby furfarmers andlet gointo thewild/The ecosystem（物种）down therecant handlethis non-native species.Its destroyingtheenvironment.IVs themorus,nsays MichaelMassimi,an expertin thisfield.The furtrade keptnutria in check fordecades,but whenthemarketfor nutriacollapsed inthe late1980s,the cat-sized animalsmultiplied likecrazy.Biologist EdmondMouton runsthe nutriacontrol programfor Louisiana.He saysits noteasy toconvincepeople thatnutria furis green,but hehas nodoubt aboutit.Hunters bringin morethan300,000nutria tailsa year,so partof Moutonsjob thesedays is tryingtopromote fur.Then theresRighteous Furand itsunusual fashions.Model PaigeMorgan says,nTo give peoplea guilt-free optionthat theycan wearwithout someonethrowing painton them—I thinkthats goingtobe a massive thing,atleasthere in New York.Designer JenniferAnderson admitsit tookher awhile tocome around tothe opinionthat usingnutria furforhercreations ismorally acceptable.She*stryingtocome upwithalabel toattach tonutria fashionsto showitiseco-friendly.
28.What isthe puiposeofthe fashion showsin NewOrleans andBrooklynA.To promoteguilt-free fur.B.To expandthefashionmarket.C.To introduceanewbrand D.To celebratea winterholiday.
29.Why arescientists concernedabout nutriaA.Nutria damagethe ecosystemseriously.B.Nutria arean endangeredspecies.C.Nutria hurtlocal cat-sized animals.D.Nutria areillegally hunted.
30.What doesthe underlinedword“collapsed inparagraph5probably meanA.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.
31.What canwe inferabout wearingfur inNew YorkaccordingtoMorganA.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.命题分析A素养解读本文介绍了海狸鼠破坏生态平衡，人们可以无负罪感地穿海狸鼠皮毛制成的衣服，不会对环境造成威胁，从而引导考生关注生态平衡,辩证地看问题，同时也引导考生培养环境保护意识和思辨能力这体现了学科核心素养中的思维品质和文化意识这两个方面A试题分析第题考查对较为生僻单词含义的猜测，考生要结合上下文语境猜测的含义30collapse庖丁解牛a词块积累（想法等）掠过心头，出现在脑海cross one*s mind控制，制止keep...incheck（）改变观点/看法（以接受）comearoundto sth.A难句突破句式分析:句中为省略了引导词的宾语从句,作形式主语,不定式短it tookher…acceptable thatit语为真正的主语滨语从句中又包含有引导的同位语从句（该从to comearound…acceptable that句解释说明其前的）opinion o句意:设计师詹妮弗安德森承认，她花了一段时间才转而接受了这个观点，即用海狸鼠毛皮制作・自己的作品在道德上是可以接受的解题思路考查推理判断根据第二段中的“
28.A UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleans andBrooklyn haveshowcasednutria furHHItsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free fur...every year”可知，时装秀的意图是推销让人穿着无罪恶感的毛皮衣服故选A考查细节理解根据第二段中的以及第
29.A thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”四段中的可知，因为海狸鼠破坏湿地进而破坏The ecosystem...Its destroyingtheenvironment”了环境,所以科学家对它们很担心故选A考查词义猜测根据画线词前的前的分句可知，海狸鼠的数量几十年来因为皮毛交易
30.D but而受到控制,前后分句所表示的意思相反，所以后的内容应该说的是海狸鼠数量不再受but but控,故推断出皮毛交易市场出了问题结合选项，再运用排除法可知，画线词和collapsed crashed”倒闭”的意思最接近，故选Do考查推理判断根据最后一段中的
31.B Togivepeoplea guilt-free option...amassivething,atleast可知，在纽约,穿毛皮衣服有风险故选here inNew York”BPassage2语篇类型:记叙文主题:志愿者工作的意义词数难度:★★:302建议时间分钟7高考真题（选择），You can use me asa last resort and if nobody elsevolunteers,then Iwill doit.”This（长曲棍was anactual replyfrom aparent afterI put out a request forvolunteers formy kids!lacrosse球）club.I guessthat theresprobably somedemanding workschedule,or socialanxiety aroundsteppingup tohelp foran unknownsport.She may just need a little persuading.So Itry againand tug at theheartstrings.I mentionthe singleparent withfour kidsrunning theshow and I talkabout thedadcoaching ateam thathis kidsarent evenon...At thispoint the unwilling parentspeaks up/Alright.Yes,Fil doit/Im secretlyrelieved becauseI knowtheres realpower insharing volunteerresponsibilitiesamong many.The unwillingparent organizesthe mealschedule,sends outemails,and collectsmoneyfor end-of-season gifts.Somewhere alongtheway,thesame parent endsup becoming an invaluablemember oftheteam.The coachis ableto focusonthekids whilethe otherparents arerelieved tobe offthe hookfor anotherseason.Handing outsliced orangesto bloodthirstykids canbe asexciting aswatching yourown kidscorea goal.Still,most ofus volunteersbreathe asigh ofrelief whenthe seasoncomes toa close.That reliefiscoupled witha deepunderstanding ofwhythesame peoplekeep comingback formore:Connecting to（社区）the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or servicesprovides areal joy.Volunteering just feels sogood.In thatsense,Im prettysure volunteeringismoreofaselfish actthan Idfreely liketo admit.However,if othersbenefit inthe process,andIget somereward too,does itreally matterwhere mymotivationlies
24.What canwe inferabouttheparent fromher replyinparagraph1A.She knowslittle aboutthe club.B.She isntgood atsports.C.She justdoesnt wantto volunteer.D.Shes unableto meether schedule.
25.What doesthe underlinedphrase ntugatthe heartstrings inparagraph2meanA.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal tofeelings.C.Promote gooddeeds.D.Provide advice.
26.What canwe learnabouttheparent fromparagraph3A.She getsinterested inlacrosse.B.She isproud ofher kids.C.Shell workfor anotherseason.D.She becomesa goodhelper.
27.Why doesthe authorlike doingvolunteer workA.It givesher asenseofduty.B.It makesher veryhappy.C.It enablesher towork hard.D.It bringsher materialrewards.命题分析A素养解读文章介绍了作者参与并鼓励他人参与志愿者工作的经历，论述了志愿者工作的独特意义，让考生感受国外的志愿者文化，加深对中西方文化差异的理解，同时引导考生培养积极的责任意识A试题分析第题考查对短语含义的猜测，该短语中和都是生词,可根据构词法25tug heartstringsheartstrings猜测出含义，再结合上下文语境猜测该短语的含义庖丁解牛a熟词生义常见义:教练本文义:训练，指导coach n.v.A词块积累提出要求putoutarequest采取行动（帮助某人或负责某事）;走上前去step up松了一口气breathe asigh ofreliefA难句突破句式分析:引导条件状语从句，从句中并列连词连接两个并列分句;主句是其后的一般疑问if and句,其中的是形式主语,是主语从句，作真正的主语it wheremy motivationlies句意:然而,如果别人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些奖励,那么我的动机是什么真的重要吗？解题思路考查推理判断根据第一段中的（选择），
24.C Youcanusemeasalastresortandifnobodyelse和第二段中的可推断，这位家长不想做志愿者工volunteers,then Iwill doit”theunwillingparent”作故选C考查词义猜测根据前一句以及后文作者在劝这位家
25.B Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading”长时所列举的其他家长做志愿者时奉献爱心的事例可知,的意思是诉诸情感，tugattheheartstrings即”用情感打动对方，故选B考查细节理解根据第三段第三句中的
26.D thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluable可知，这位家长最后成了一个好帮手故选memberoftheteam”D考查细节理解根据第四段中的（社区）
27.B Connectingtothecommunityas youfreelygiveyour可以看出,作者觉time,money,skills,or servicesprovides areal joy.Volunteering justfeels sogood”得做志愿者工作很快乐故选B
五、考法解题能力提升考法猜测生僻词或短语的含义1命题透视词义猜测题的重点就是对于生僻词汇及短语含义的理解，这也是高考中词义猜测题最常见的类型方法点拨若画线词完全是生词，考生能采用的方法主要有三种:一是依据构词法知识;二是靠文章显性或者隐性的逻辑关系、语法关系;三是利用上下文语境当然，在很多情况下，这三种方法可以共同使用，以确保答案正确I hadbeen educatedintherhythms ofthe mountain,rhythms inwhich changewas neverfundamental,only cyclical.The samesun appearedeach morning,sweptoverthe valleyand droppedbehindthe peak.The snowsthat fellinthewinter alwaysmelted inthe spring.Our liveswere acycle-the cycleoftheday,the cycleoftheseasons-circles oflasting changethat,when complete,meant（永生的）nothing hadchanged atall.I believedmy familywasapartofthis immortalpattern,and that（永恒的）.we were,in somesense,eternal Buteternity belongedonly tothe mountain.•••
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword cyclicalinthepassage meanA.Normal.B.Irregular.C.Circular.D.Traditional.【解析】根据构词法可知,是（周期，循环）的派生词,所以可以猜cyclical cycle测表cyclical示”周期的，循环的”再结合选项可知,、两项意思不符，可排除意为”规则的A DregularH,irregular是由regular加否定前缀ir-构成的，意为”不规则的”，意思与cyclical不符，可排除由（圆圈）变化而来，所以可猜测其含义为”环形的，圆形的“然后再将项代circular circleC入语境并结合文中Our liveswereacycle-the cycleoftheday,the cycleoftheseasons-circles of中的可知,该题选项lasting changecircles”C方法总结利用构词法猜测词义构词法是英语单词形成的重要途径，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思,准确度较高合成法、派生法和转化法是英语的三种构词法，根据这些可以准确猜测单词意思合成法
1.一般来讲,我们可以先识别合成词的组成部分，再通过组成部分的词义推断出合成词的词义但是有时合成词的词义不是各个组成部分意思的简单叠加，可能还需要借助语境猜测其具体含义,派生法2词根是英语单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义在词根前或后加上词缀（即前缀或后缀），可以改变原词的意义或词性掌握前缀和后缀的意义有助于理解词义如等前缀与等后缀可构成反义un-,im-,in-,dis-,il--less词，后缀等可改变词性-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness.转化法3把一种词性的词用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法如He insistedon stayingup to”中的常用作名词“护士”，在这里用作动词”护理，看护又如:”nurse thechild.nurse Dont中的常用作名词，意为云，此处用作动词，let yourpersonal feelingscloud yourjudgment.”cloud意为“把搞糊涂”（注:转化法可用于猜测熟词生义链接考法猜测熟词或短・・・・・・2语的生僻含义）Lighting matters,too.When Berlinrestaurant customersate indarkness,they couldnttellhow muchtheyd had:those givenextra-large sharesate morethan everyoneelse,but werenone thewiser——they didn*tfeelfuller,and theywere justas readyfor dessert.
58.The underlinedphrase Hnone the wiser”inparagraph3most probablyimplies thatthe customerswere.A.not awareof eatingmorethanusualB.not willingto sharefood withothersC.not consciousofthefood qualityD.not fondofthefood provided【解析】根据本段内容可知，在餐馆里，顾客在黑暗中吃东西时，判断不出自己吃了多少,那些被给予超大份量食物的人吃的比其他所有人都多,但是他们是“破折号后面none thewiser”,的内容对“进行了解释说明，即他们没有感觉到更饱，而且他们还准备着吃饭后nonethewiser”甜点;由此可知,他们没有意识到自己比平时吃得多，故选方法总结利用语法关系猜测Ao词义利用语法关系猜测词义是指利用语言表述中的下定义、同位关系、举例、定语从句等猜测词义.下定义:等后的内容往往是对前面内容的1refer to,is,thatis,tobedefined as,tobecalled,meaning注解性说明，相当于对前面的词汇下定义,可以帮助猜测词义如Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystem ormeans ofproviding freshair.It playsaveryimportant partin thefieldof engineering.分析:句中画线词是个生僻词,后面的内容是对该词的解释———is种提供新鲜空气的系统或工具所以不难猜出的意思，它在此表示“通风设备，ventilation.同位关系:常见的表示同位关系的方式有同位语从句或者用标点符号（包括破折号、逗号、冒2号或括号等）隔开如上述典例通过破折号解释说明前面的短语再如2分析:As amatter offact,only about80ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist intheU.S.A,today.an是画线词的同位语,解释了它的意思，即一种濒危野猫endangeredwildcat ocelots.举例:作者在解释比较难以理解的内容的时候，往往会举例阐述,这也能帮助我们准确把握文3章内容，进而猜测词义.定语从句:定语从句通过对前面的名词进行修饰限定，让我们大致明白这个名词的含义4考法猜测熟词或短语的生僻含义2命题透视高考近几年开始侧重于考查熟词生义，如年全国第题考查了课标词汇2020I26在具体语境中的生僻含义,这就要求考生掌握并灵活运用课标词汇currency。
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