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定语从句
一、概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”定语从句一般放在先行词的后面
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词有Who,that,whom,whose,等;在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系副词有等;在从句which where,when,why中作状语
三、关系代词的用法所作成分先行词人;先行词物主语;Who,that Which,that宾语;Who,that.whom Which,that定语;whose whose总结.当先行词是人时关系代词和既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语1who that时可以省略;.其中只作宾语;.当先行词是物时关系代词和既可以作主2whom3which that语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;既可以指人,也可以指物;既可以指
4.whose that人,也可以指物Eg(作主语)
01.Do youknow the girl who/that oftencomes here(作宾语)O
2.The girlwho/that/whom Ispoke tois my daughter.(作主语)O
3.The buildingwhich/that standsnear thetrain stationis asupermarket.(作宾语)O
4.The bookwhich/that youbought forme is very interesting.既可以指人,也可以指物;在从句中作定语,形式为名词”表所属关系,即O
5.whose“whose+谁的、、、、、、Do youknow thesinger whosename isWang fengIlive in a housewhose windowsface south.
四、介词引导的定语从句+which/whom()当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用(指物);(指人)作从句1which/that who/that/whom中介词的宾语,关系代词可以省略
01.Dad is a personI caneasily talkto.
02.1s this the playyou weretalking aboutjust now()当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用(指人)或(指物),且2Whom which关系代词不能省略The manwith whomyou talkedjust nowis myneighbor.I can t findthe penwith which I waswriting.
五、只能用关系代词不能用的几种情况that which当先彳亍词是等代词时a.everything/nothing,something/anything,all/none few/little,much/some/有没有你们不需要的东西Is thereanything thatyou dont need当先行词被等修饰时b.every/no,some/any,few/little,all/much.我想看周星驰演的所有电影I wantto watchall themovies thatwere actedby ZhouXingchi当先行词被等修饰时c.the only,the very,the same,the lastjust.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书This is the onlybook that I canfind当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时d.He was the firstperson thatpassed theexam.This is the mostbeautiful placethatIhave beento.当先行词既有人又有物时e.I canremember wellthe personsand somepictures thatI sawin theroom.当主句的主语是疑问词或时,为避免重复,只能用f.who which thatWho is the girlthat iscrying Whichis thehotel thatyou likebest主句是结构,修饰主语的定语从句用g.there bethatThere isa bookon thedesk thatbelongs toTom.
六、只用不用的情况whichthat引导非限制性定语从句,则不能1which thatHehad failedin themaths exam,which madehis fathervery angry.在介词提前的定语从句中,只用不用2which thatThis is theplace in which LuXun used to live.先行词本身是时,只能用that whichoWhats that which flashedin thesky just now
七、关系副词的用法所作成分先行词;关系副词时间状语时间名词;When地点状语地点名词;where原因状语原因名词;why关系副词所代替的先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,关系副词在句中作状语关系副词相当于“介词结构where,when,why+which”Eg1指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语例如where.那个是我爸爸曾经居住的房子Ol.That isthe housewhere=in whichmy fatherusedtolive.去年我
02.Last yearmy parentswent to the farmwhere=on whichthey worked30years agoagain父母又去了那个他们年前劳动过的农场
3003.My fatherwas bornin theplace where=in whichWorld WarII brokeout.2指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语例如when这是他到达的时间Ol.This was the timewhen=at whichhe arrived,
02.1still remember the daywhen=on which I first came to Beijing.
03.My fatherwas bornin theyear when=in whichWorld WarII brokeout.3指原因,其先行词表示原因,在从句中作原因状语例如why这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?Olds thisthe reasonWhy=for whichhe refusedour offerO
2.There areseveral reasonswhy=for whichthe boys should be punished.
03.Tom couldnt givethe teacherthe reasonwhy=for whichhe waslate forschool.(温馨提示不能用作关系副词,不用来引导定语从句修饰表示方式的的定语从how way句用也可用或省略错〉in which,that EgThis isthe wayhow I did it.v This isthe way in which/that<正〉)Ididit.
八、介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词,形容词的习惯搭配来决定Ol.This isthe bookon which I spent8dollars.O
2.This isthe bookfor whichI spent8dollars根据与先行词搭配的具
03.Physics isthe subjectin ourschool in which everystudent isinterested.体含义而定I still remember the day on whichIfirstcame toBeijing.I still rememberthe days during whichIlived there.根据所表达的意思来确I llnever forgetthe timeduringwhichI spentmy childhoodin thecountry.定The colorlessgas withoutwhich wecantlive iscalled oxygen.
九、关系代词与关系副词的选用根据定语从句中所缺少的成分作状语用关系副词;作主语、宾语、定语等用关系代词.
十、定语从句的分类()限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用“逗号”与主句隔开用“逗号”与主句隔1开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或疑似表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思译法上译成先行词的定语“、、、的”通常译成主句的并列句Eg(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
01.People whotake physicalexercise livelonger..若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)
02.His daughter,who isin Bostonnowjs cominghome next week()关系词那点事
2.无论如何,关系词都不可省略;
01.指代整个主句时,用02which;Eg:China won the championship,whichi madaus thrilledto death!和双下岗,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句;O
3.that why.其他的,和限制性定语从句一样;
04.可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,可以作主语,也可以做宾语05as(常见的搭配;这是常有的事;正如报道的那样正as isoften thecase as is reportedas isexpected如所预料的;众所周知;正如俗语所说;正如以上as weall knowasthesaying goesasissaid above所述)()请区别以下的句子哪些是限制性定语从句,哪些是非限制性定语从句
3.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的01He askedme aquestion which was aboutmy studyat school问题.这是我的摩托车,它是我叔叔送的O
2.This is my motorbike,whichwassent to me bymy uncle()这就是他提到的那本书O
3.This isthe bookwhich/that herefers to.这部小说很感人,我已经读了三遍了
04.This novel,whichIhave readthree times,isverytouchingo
05.Beijing,which isthe capitalof China,has avery longhistory.O
6.Yesterday Imet LiPing,who seemedto bevery busy.
07.Charles Smith,who wasmy formerteacher,retires lastyear.()非限制性定语从句练习
41.When Iwas13my onlypurpose wasto become the staron ourfootball teams,That meantbeatingout MillerKing,was the best playerat ourschool.
2.The bookson thedesk,covers areshiny,are prizesfor us.
3.The numberof smokers,is reported,has droppedby17percent injust oneyear.
4.Until now,we haveraised50,000pounds for the poorchildren,is quiteunexpected.
1.1borrowed thebook SherlockHolmes fromthe librarylast week,my classmatesrecommended tome.关系代词练习
(一)tom couldnt stopthinking about theboymade hima foolin frontof thewholeclass.The earthistheplanet provideus witheverything weneed,fresh air,clean waterand soon,It sour dutyto protectit.-What areyou doing.Tim-I amlistening to the songLong Livemakes mefeel excited.A kindof sharedbike iscalled bluegogois gettingmore andmore popularin Chengdu.Please tellme somethingabout YangLiwei.-He isa greatastronaut of all theChinese areProud.-Who wonthe firstprize inEnglish speechcontest-The prizewent tothegirlspeech wasthe mostnatural andfluent.When Tomgot tothe island,the firstthing hedid wasto lookfor somefood.The PalaceMuseum isthe bestplace Ive evervisited.
9.This isthe bestbook Ihave beenlooking forall thisyear.
10.The onlylanguage iseasy to learn isthe mothertongue.关系副词练习
(二)Yesterday LiMing wenttothevillage hisfamily livedten yearsago.Opposite isSt.Paul sChurch,you canhear somelovely music.I am looking forward tothe day mydaughter can read this book andknow myfeelings for her.We willput offthe picnicin thepark untilnextweek,the weathermay bebetter.One day,mentally exhausted,!wrote downall thereasons thisproblem couldnotbe solved.As thesmallest childof hisfamily,Alex isalways longingfor thetime heshouldbe ableto beindependent.关系词练习
(三)
1.This isthe bagmy motherbought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this
2.The manlives nextto usismyEnglish teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./
3.The girlyou sawin thestreet isMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as
4.Is thisthe factory a lot of students visited yesterdayA.the oneB.which C.who D.whom
5.Is thisfactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterdayA.the oneB.that C.which D./
6.The onlylanguage iseasy tolearn isthe mothertongue.A.which B.that C./D.it
7.The girlhanded everythingshe hadpicked upin thestreet tothe police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all
8.cleans theblackboard shouldbe praised.A.That B.Who C.The onewho D.The studentswho
9.Please showmethebook youbought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this
10.Thisisthebestbook Ihave beenlooking forall thisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./
11.The manwas herejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./D.he
12.The boyhas twolovely dogs.A.who livenext doorB.which livesnext doorC.whom livesnext doorD.that livesnext door
13.He isthe mostcareful boyI know.A.what B.which C.as D./
14.Have youvisited thehouse thefamous scientistwas bornA.where B.in that C.that D.which
19.The factoryMr.Li usedto workwas closedlast week.A.when B.where C.that D.which
20.Do youstillremembertheday we firstmetA.that B.when C.what D.on that
21.The firsttime Isaw PremierZhou wasin
1958.A.when B.where C.which D.that
22.October1,1949isthedayweII never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which
23.October1,1949wastheday thePeople sRepublic ofChina wasfounded.A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich
24.Is thisthe shopsells childrens clothingA.which B.where C.inwhich D.what
25.Is thismuseum theyvisited lastmonthA.that B.which C.where D.the one
1..1stillrememberthe sitting-room mymother andI usedto sitin theevening.A.what B.which C.that D.where
27.Did youtell yourmother allyou hadseen onthewayhomeA.what B.why C.that D.which
28.It sone of the mostimportant meetingsthis years.A.that hasbeen heldB.which hasbeen heldC.that havebeen heldD.which haveheld
29.T IIneverforgetthedayI joinedthe League.A.onwhich B.which C.inwhich D.at which
30.She showedher newwatch tomy wife,was keptin abox.A.who B.which C.that D.it
31.Thisisthe newtype ofplane partsare madeof plastics.A.that B.what C.which D.whose定语从句(年)2015(安徽卷•)
1.2015•28Some expertsthink readingisthefundamental skillupon schooleducationdepends.A.it B.that C.whose D.which(•北京卷•)
2.201524Opposite isSt.PauT sChurch,you canhear somelovely music.A.whichB.thatC.when D.where(•福建卷•)
3.201534China Todayattracts aworldwide readership,shows thatmore andmorepeople allover theworld wanttolearnabout China.A.who B.whom C.that D.which(•江苏卷•)
4.201521The numberof smokers,is reportedhas droppedby17percent injust onezyear.A.it B.which C.what D.as(•浙江卷•)
5.201519Creating anatmosphere employeesfeel partof ateam isa bigchallenge.A.as B.whose which D.atwhich(天津卷•)
6.2015•15The bossof thecompany istrying tocreate aneasy atmospherehisemployees enjoytheir work.A.where B.which C.when D.who(•湖南卷)
7.2015*29lt isa trulydelightful place,looks thesame asit musthave done100yearsago withits windingstreets andpretty cottages.A.as B.where C.that D.which(陕西卷•)
8.2015•15As thesmallest childof hisfamily,Alex isalways longingforthetime heshouldbeableto beindependent.A.which B.where C.whom D.when(四〃卷•)
9.2015•I3The booksonthedesk,covers areshiny,are prizesfor us.A.which B.what C.whose D.that
10.(2015•重庆卷・14)He wrotemany childrenJs books,nearly halfof werepublished inthe1990s.A.whom B.which C.them D.that定语从句()2014(•重庆卷)
1.2014*9We llreach thesales targetsinamonth weset atthe beginningof theyear.A.which B.where C.when D.what(福建卷•)
2.2014•31Students shouldinvolve themselvesin communityactivities theycan gainexperiencefor growth.A.who B.when C.whichD.where(》胡南卷•)
3.2014•311amlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookand knowmyfeelingsforher.A.as B.why C.when D.where(浙江卷•)
4.2014•51didn tbecome aserious climberuntil thefifth grade,I wentup torescuea kitethat wasstuck inthe branchesofatree.A.when B.where C.whichD.why(•江西卷•)
5.
201428.Among themany dangerssailors haveto face,probably thegreatest ofall isfog.A.which B.what C.where D.when(•江西卷)
6.2014*
35.It wasthe middleofthenight myfather wokeme upand toldmetowatchthe footballgame.A.that B.as C.whichD.when(•江苏卷•)
7.201422The bookhas helpedme greatlyin mydaily communication.especially atworka goodimpression isa must.A.which B.when C.as D.where(陕西卷•)
8.2014•13Please sendus allthe informationyou haveaboutthecandidate fortheposition.A.that B.which C.as D.what(四川卷•)
9.2014•T4Until now,we haveraised50,000pounds forthe poorchildren,is quiteunexpected.A.that B.which C.who D.it(•北京卷)
10.2014*261borrowed thebook SherlockHolmes fromthe librarylast week,myclassmates recommendedtome.A.who B.which C.when D.where(天津卷•)
11.2014•12English isa languageshared byseveral diversecultures,uses itdifferently.A.all ofwhich B.each ofwhichC.all ofthem D.each ofthem(安徽卷•)
12.2014•22The exactyear
2008.Angela andher familyspent togetherin ChinawasA.when B.where C.why D.which(山东卷•)profits fromhome marketsare decliningmay seek
13.2014•10A companyopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whose C.who D.why。