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年控江中学高二上期中2022—・Grammar andVocabularySection A
1.It isbelieved thatskipping ropefor5minutes can be agreat drainour energy.A.in B.on C.at D.across
2.During thevacation,many parentstake on the rolesof driveras theydrive theirchildren fromone lessontoA.another B.other C.the othersD.others
3.his lastalbum was,there are as yetno plansfbr anyfollow-ups.A.Successful asB.Although successfulC.Despite successD.Regardless ofsuccess
4.my keysin mybag thanthey slippedout ofmy handand fellto theground.A.I hadscarcely foundB.No soonerhad I foundC.Hardly hadI foundD.In notime hadIfound
5.The numberof prisonersserving lifesentences in the regionover thelast decade.A.are fallingB.have fallenC.has fallenD.is falling
6.you wantme tofire you,I suggestyou stopwearing sportsclothes atoffice.A.If B.Since C.Unless D.Until
7.Leading politiciansin theU.S.have sentletters to the AmericanAcademy ofArts andSciences urgingthat itactions thatcouldbe taken by stateand localgovernments anduniversities nationalexcellencein humanities and socialscientific education”.A.to identify;maintaining B.identifies;to maintainC.identify;to maintainD.will identify;maintaining
8.As can be seenby thelakeside,between thetwo hillsa tallmedieval castlemagnificencecannot beneglected.A.lies;whose B.lie;which C.lies;of whichD.lie;upon which
9.The worseningliving conditionson theCarteret Islandsfinally resultedin wecalled therelocation of allthe islanders,from arosethe problemof losingtheir traditionsand celebrations.A.which;what B.which;which C.what;that D.what;which
10.Look at the terriblesituation Iam in!If onlyI youradvice.A.follow B.had followedC.would followD.have followedC.There isno need to choosebread due to itsingredients.D.Bread mustbe freeof bacteriafbr thesake ofour health.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill ineach blankwith aproper sentencegiven in the box.Each sentencecan be used onlyonce.Note that there aretwo moresentences than you need.Many ofus havealready lostthe“race againstthe machines^^-we justdont knowit yet.That is the conclusionofnew researchby theOrganization forEconomic Co-operation andDevelopment.Unlike moststudies into the impactof automation,this onedoes notrely oninformed guessworkabout whatmachineswill beable todo in20years time.67They areliteracy,numeracy andproblem-solving withcomputers-and compares ourperformance againstthe abilitiesof machines.The resultsare sobering,but ratherthan areason todespair,In thesurvey agroup ofcomputer scientistswas giventhe sametest and asked whichquestions computerscouldanswer,using technologythat existsbut has not necessarilybeen rolledout yetin theworkplace.The conclusionAlmosta thirdof workersuse thesecognitive skillsdaily in their jobsand yettheir competencylevels havealready beenmatchedby computers.About44per centare stillbetter thanthe machines.The remaining25per centhave jobsthat do not usetheseskills everyday.There aretwo caveats.First,the OECDonly askedcomputer scientistshow wellthey thoughtmachines coulddo.
68.Second,just becausetechnology existsdoes notmean itwill bedeployed quicklyin theworkplace.It dependson howeasilyit can be madeoperational,how muchit costsrelative to the valueit creates,and whethercompanies havetheappetite toinvest.69•Stuart Elliott,the author,concludes thatin10to20years,only workerswith verystrong literacyand numeracyskillswill becomfortably moreproficient thancomputers.At theminute,only aboutone in10working-age adultsinOECD countries are ofthis standard.It istrue that the educationsystems inmost countrieshave beenraising theirgame:younger peopletend tohave betterskillsthan olderpeople theUK beingone notable,and worrying,exception.But evenif youtake the most skilledgenerationin themost skilledcountry-young peoplein Finland-two-thirds stilldonotmeet thesetop levelsof literacyandnumeracy.
70.The riskslo workersIrom eversmarter computers are clear,but theopportunities willlie inmaximizing thevalue oftheir human skills.For somepeople,such astalented chefs,the battleis alreadywon.Others mightneedtoharness thecomputersto leveragetheirhumantalents.A.And yet,the implicationof the study arehard todismiss.B.on manyof thesefronts,computersarebehind humans,if they are in the raceat all.C.Technology doesnot necessarymean doomto allbut thehighest skilled.D.Instead ittakes threebasic andcomparesourperformance againstthe abilitiesof machines.E.Apart fromastonishing improvementin education,it lookslike onlya minorityof peoplecan winthis race.F.The resultwould bemore alarmingif machinewere actuallyput to the test.H.Summary Writing
71.Directions:Read the following threepassages.Summarize themain ideaand themain pointsof the passage innomore than60words.Use yourown wordsas faras possible.
91.The Problemof PackagingAlarge source of rubbishis packagingmaterial.It oftenmakes upmore than30percent of the total.To understandwhythis istrue,think of the packagingcommonly usedfor a simple product,such as toothpaste.The packagingincludesnot onlythe tubefor thetoothpaste,but alsothe boxfor thetube.This boxis putinto aplastic wrapper.Then,the boxesaretransported in a cardboardcontainer.Most packagingmaterial endsup in a landfillafter it is thrownaway.Though necessary,landfills takeup valuablespace,often stink,and canleak harmfulsubstances into the soil.Landfills notincluded,the productionof packagingmaterialitself is a majorsourceof air and water pollution.People are now trying to solvethe problemscaused bypackaging materials.In1991,Germany tookthe leadbyrequiring companiesto recyclethe packagingused fbr their goods.To dothis,the companiesset uprecycling binsin every一neighborhood.Consumers nowseparate theirrubbish intothree categoriesmetal,plastic andpaper cartons.They thenputit intothe appropriatebin.The rubbishsorted,it istransported torecycling companyfbr processing.The programmeworked wellat first.However,the amount of rubbishhas begunto increaseagain.One reasonfbr thisisthat manyconsumers nolonger reducewaste because they thinkthe problemis solved.It seemsthat toproperly dealwiththe problemof rubbish,everyone mustremain alertand dotheir part.□・TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentencesinto English,using thewords givenin thebrackets.市民可以访问这个应用,参与回收玻璃瓶()(汉译英)
72.access人们没有因为人手短缺而中途放弃这个项目,博得了大家的尊敬()(汉译英)
73.command青少年对上网如此上瘾,以至于政府不得不对青少年使用网络施行禁令()(汉译英)
74.So中美文化有鲜明的差异,只要你努力适应新环境,就一定能够做出明智的决定()(汉译英)
75.contrastSection BDirections:After readingthepassagebelow,fill in the blanksto makethe passagescoherent andgrammatically correct.For theblanks with a given word,fill neach blankwith theproper formof thegivenword;fbrtheother blanks,use onewordthat best fits each blank.Green effortsproduce promisingresults alongupper reachesof Yangtze River(海鸥)()Every lateautumn,groups ofblack-headed gullsarrive“as11schedule“in Luzhoucity on the(上游)()upper reachesof the Yangtze River.12circle overthe water,the oceanicbirds alwaysattract a crowd ofbindwatchers.Besides Luzhou,the migratorybirds arealso frequentvisitors toSichuans Deyang,Neijiang andother cities]3theTuojiang Riverflows.Local enthusiastshave allset upbird-watching andbird-love associations.The black-headed gull,a rarebird species14white feathersand redbeak andclaws,is regardedas the“barometer”(风向标)(流域).of theecological environmentin watershedsThe spottingof theseblack-headed birdsreflects thepromisingresults producedby Sichuansgreen effortsin recent years.Among Sichuansmany watersystems the Tuojiang Rivershares avital position,15because it is an(支流)essential tributaryof theYangtzeRiver,but alsoduetothe fact16the25,500square kilometersit flowsthroughcover themost concentrated,densely populatedand economicallypowerful areasin theprovince.Since the1990s,the continuousacceleration ofindustrialization andurbanization exertedhuge environmental()burdens onthe TuojiangRiver,making itonce]7polluted riverin Sichuan.()Consequently,a campaignto treatwater pollutionlaunch in
2018.After yearsof efforts,the water(河□)quality of theTuojiangRiver flowingintotheestuary of theYangtzeRiver hasnow reachedits bestlevel in20years.Chengdu,the provincialcapital,has embracedmore blueskies inrecentyears]9the promotionofairpollutionprevention andcontrol work.According tothe ChengduMountain ViewData Reportreleased annuallyby a large groupof photographyenthusiasts,the numberof days20people wereable tosee snowmountains fromdowntown Chengduincreasedfrom50days in2017to63days in
2021.口.Vocabulary()ADirections:Fill ineach blankwith aproper wordchosen from the box.Each wordcan onlybe usedonce.Note thatthere isoneword morethan youneed.A.replace B.seeking C.employ D.investing E.specifically F.inevitableG.negatively H.alternative I.artificial J.product K.regulationsAnimal TestingFoodand DrugsAdministration FDAis responsiblefbr ensuringthat cosmeticsare safeand properlylabeled.Although FDAhas never21required theuse of animals intesting cosmeticsfor safety,animal testing is oftenused toestablishproduct safetyby manufacturers22to launchnew products.In somecases,after consideringpotential alternatives,companies maystill determinethat animal testingisnecessaryto ensurethe safetyofan23or ingredient.FDA alsosupports andsticks tothe applicablelaws,24and policiesgoverning animal testing.Moreover,in allcases whereanimal testingis used,FDA advocatesthatresearch andtesting shouldget themaximum amountof usefulscientific informationfrom theminimum use of animals,人道主义and25themosthumane methodsavailable within the limitsof scientificcapability.Animal testingseems26inthecurrent cosmeticindustry,but manypeople believethat priortotheuse ofanimals,有效的consideration shouldbe giventotheuse ofscientifically valid27methods towhole-animaltesting.Actually,inthe late1990,FDA joinedwith otherthirteen federalagencies in finding possibleways to28animals intests.FDA hasbeensupporting thedevelopment anduseofalternatives towhole-animaltestingand thus has been29considerable amountsof moneyinto researchon animalsubstitutes.Besides Americanscientists scientistsin othercountriesaremaking effortsswell.Scottish Universityarenowtryingto createthe worldsfirst30human liverfbr drugtesting soastodramatically cutthe numberof liveanimals usedand getlife-saving medicinesintotheclinic faster.BDirections:Fill ineach blankwithaproper wordchosen from the box.Each wordcan onlybeusedonce.Note thatthere isoneword morethan youneed.A.overflown B.mishandling C.protective D.criticism E.subjects F.overwhelmedG.passing H.conflict I.constant J.committed K.reactionThe queen,the mediaand changingtimesOne of the biggestchallenges ofcovering Elizabethslife andreign haslong involvedbalancing admirationfbr her(君主制).sense ofpublic dutywith theactions ofsome of her childrenand changingattitudes towardthe monarchyOfcourse,inthewake of the deathof sucha figure,the impulseis allthe morecompelling toonly beingpraise.Butmedia generallyfound waysto singher praiseswhile notignoring3]ofherfamily.And itwas oftendone throughgood,sound,basic journalism.CNN correspondentScott McLeaninterviewed ayoung womanstanding outsideWindsor Castleandaskedfbr her32when shefirst heardthe queenwas undermedical supervision.“I thinkit ispretty sadJ thewoman said.You wouldntwant thatto happento yourown familymember.But Im notlike the biggest fanof thequeen orthe monarchyin general.So,Imnotthat upsetor33by it.The womancited Britishcolonialhistory“and theaccusations ofsexual misconductby PrinceAndrew asher reasons.The interviewwas lessthan aminute andquickly lostinatidal waveof praiseand intervieweessaying howprofoundlysad they were atthe34of someonethey notonly deeplyadmired butcame tothink ofas anisland oftraditionand stabilityin anera ofdisruption and
35.But thatvoice neededto bepart ofthecoverage evenif itwas onlyone minuteamong hundredsfilled withpraise.Online articlesand on-air analysisat NPR,Daily Mail,Politico and MSNBC alsoincluded criticismofthequeen fbrher36of PrincessDianas deathand37treatment ofAndrew.Katty Kay,a BBCStudios correspondentandMSNBCcontributor,explained whyshe thoughther channeland othersaroundthe worldstopped whatthey were doing andwent torolling coverageof Elizabethsdeath Thursday.“She was the38presence inan ever-changing world,and thatsirreplaceable.Kay toldanchorNicolle Wallace.When she39herself atthe ageof21to herpeople aroundthe world,she meantit and shefollowed throughon that.She wonthe trustofher40andshekept thetrust for70years.And ina worldthat haschanged asrapidlyas ourshas...that isa remarkablefeat/9•Reading ComprehensionsSectionADirections:For eachblank inthefollowingpassage,there arefour wordsor phrasesmarked A,B,Cand D.Fill ineachblankwith theword orphrase thatbestfitsthe context.Celebrity hasbecome one ofthemost importantrepresentatives ofpopular culture.Fans usedto becrazy aboutaspecific film,but nowthe public41to baseits consumptionontheinterest ofcelebrity attachedto anygiven product.Besides,fashion magazineshave almost42the practiceof puttingmodels onthe coverbecause theydont sellnearly aswellas famous
43.As aresult,celebrities haverealized theirunbelievablypowerful marketpotential,moving fromadvertising fbrothers productsto44their own.Celebrity clothinglines arenta45new phenomenon,but inthe pasttheyweretypically aimedattheordinaiyconsumers,and46a fewTV actresses.Today theyrestarted byfirst-class starswhose productsenjoy equalfame withsomeworld top
47.The mostsuccessful start-ups havebeen thoseby celebritieswith48personal style.As celebritiesbecome moreand moreexperienced atthe market,they expand their productionscalerapidly,49almost allthe productsof dailylife.However,fbr everysuccess story,there9sarelated50tale ofa celebritywho overvaluedhis consumerappeal.Nomatter howfamous theproducts5]is,if itfails toimpress consumerswith itsown qualities,it beginsto resembleanexercise inself^promotional marketing.And oncethe52attention diesdown,consumer interestmight fade,loyaltyreturning totried-and-true labels.Today,celebrities faceeven moresevere embarrassment.The pop-cultural circlemight bebigger thanever,but itsrateof turnoverhas speededup aswell.Each misstepthreatens to53a celebritysshelflife,andthesame newspaperormagazine thatonce broughthim famehasnoproblem pickinghim topieces whenthe opportunityappears.54,the(自我的)egos potentialfbr expansionis limitless.Having alreadyachieved greatwealthand publicrecognition,many celebritiessee fashionasthenext frontierto beconquered.As thesaying goes,success andfailurealways gohand inhand.Their successas55might lasta lifetime,but fashion-like celebrity-has alwaysbeenshort-lived.
41.A.tends B.returns C.aims D.means
42.A.abandoned B.delayed C.established D.assumed
43.A.films B.faces C.issues D.stories
44.A.inventing B.composing C.exploring D.developing
45.A.dramatically B.completely C.steadily D.normally
46.A.takenbyB.set forC.limited toD.listed on
47.A.brands B.trends C.sales D.editions
48.A.common B.specific C.potential D.artificial
49.A.promoting B.extending C.engaging D.covering
50.A.disappointing B.warning C.greeting D.amazing
51.A.origin B.organization C.release D.intention
52.A.continuous B.crazy C.initial D.sincere
53.A.strike B.isolate C.promote D.reduce
54.A.Still B.Thus C.Moreover D.Indeed
55.A.stars B.models C.designers D.advertisersSection BDirections:Read thefollowing twopassage.Each passageis followedby severalquestions orunfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Choose theonethat fitsbest accordingtotheinformation giveninthepassage youhave justread.()ALife inthe ClearTransparent animals letlight pass through theirbodies thesame waylight passesthrough awindow.These animalstypicallylive between the surfaceoftheocean anda depthof about3,300feet---as faras mostlight canreach.Most ofthemare extremelydelicate andcanbedamaged byasimpletouch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientistin biology,says,“These animalslivethrough theirlife alone.They nevertouch anythingunless theyreeating it,or unlesssomething iseating them.^^And theyareasclear asglass.How doesan animalbecome see-through Its trickierthanyoumight think.The objectsaround youare visiblebecause theyinteract withlight.Light typicallytravels ina straightline.But some(散射)materials slowand scatter light,bouncing itaway fromits originalpath.Others absorb light,stopping itdead initstracks.Both scatteringand absorptionmake anobject lookdifferent fromother objectsaround it,so you can seeit easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorbor scatterlight,at leastnot verymuch.Light canpassthroughit withoutbendingor stopping.That meansatransparentobjectdoesntlook verydifferent fromthe surroundingair orwater.Youdont seeit yousee thethings behindit.To become transparent,an animalneeds tokeep itsbody fromabsorbing orscattering light.Living materialscan stop(色素)light becausethey containpigments thatabsorb specificcolors oflight.But atransparent animaldoesnt havepigments,so itstissues wontabsorblight.According toJohnsen,avoiding absorptionis actuallyeasy.The realchallenge ispreventinglight fromscattering.Animals arebuilt ofmany differentmaterials---skin,fat,and more---and light moves througheach ata differentspeed.Every timelightmovesinto amaterial witha newspeed,it bendsand scatters.Transparentanimalsuse differenttricks tofightscattering.Some animalsare simplyveiy smallor extremelyflat.Without muchtissue toscatterlight,itiseasier tobe(果冻状的)see-through.Others buildalarge,clear massof non-living jelly-like materialand spreadthemselves overit.Larger transparent animals havethebiggestchallenge,becausetheyhave tomake allthe differenttissues intheirbodies slowdown lightexactly asmuch aswater does.They needto lookuniform.But howthey9redoingitisstillunknown.One thingis clear:for theselarger animals,staying transparentis anactive process.When theydie,they turnanon-transparent milkywhite.
56.According toParagraph1,transparentanimals.A.stay ingroups B.canbeeasily damagedC.appear onlyin deepocean D.are beautifulcreatures
57.The underlinedword“dead”in Paragraph3means.A.silently B.graduallyC.regularly D.completely
58.One wayfbr ananimal tobecometransparentis to.A.change thedirection oflight travelB.gather materialstoscatter lightC.avoid theabsorption oflight D.grow biggerto stoplight
59.The lastparagraph tellsus thatlarger transparentanimals.A.move moreslowly indeep waterB.stay see-through evenafter deathCproduce moretissues fbrtheir survivalD.take effectiveaction toreduce lightspreading()BScience fictionpaints afuture whererobots playan importantpart ineveryday life.A technologyfirm istryingto(立make thatfuture areality todaywith anaffordable robotcalled Artibo.Artibo issmall.Its brain,or AIblock,isacube方体)that fitsin yourhand.That blockconnects toa motorblock andtwo siliconwheels.Assembled,its aboutfour inchestall.Artibo ismuch morethan justa robot that youprogram tomove around.Artibos designerswant itto providecompanionshipand bea resourcefor learningcoding.With itscamera,microphone andconnection toa cloud-based AI,it(对讲机)can respondto voicecommands orfunction like a walkie-talkie.It talkslike achatbot andcan tellbedtime stories.It caneven helpyou learnother languages!Artibo isntquite readyfor storesyet,though.Its partofacrowdfunding project.Crowdfunding isa programwhereyou puta requestonline toacrowdof people.Supporters canthen paylarge orsmall amountsto helpyou finisha project.Artibo willfirst beavailable topeople whohave paidto helpbring itinto production.Using computercode to program yourown toys is nothingnew.LEGO firstreleased arobot kitin
1998.Since then,programmable robotshave becomeoneofthe best-selling unitsintheLEGO productline.Programming robotsmightsound comparableto rocketscience,but anyonecan programone usingnothing morethan atablet ora smartphoneandcode blocks.Code blocksallow you toprogramsimple orcomplex commandsby assemblingvisual blocksof codeonthecanvas(画布)ofa computerscreen.Just dragand dropa varietyof codeblocks froma programmingmenu,link themtogether,and watchhow yourrobot responds.In Artiboscase codingdoesnt stopthere.Unlike othersimilar programmabletoys,Artibo willalso allowyoutowrite yourown code.So asyour familiaritywith codingincreases,you wontlose interestinArtibo.
60.According tothepassage,the purposeof developingArtibo is.A helping people learnanything theywant andproviding companionshipB.providing arobotthatcan move,accompany andhelp peoplelearn codingC.chatting withpeople,telling bedtimestories andsupplying languagesD.helpingpeopleraise moneyon lineand creatingprogrammable robots
61.What canbe concludedfromthepassageA.Programming robotsis notreally complicated.B.Programming robotsis advancedlikearocket.C.Programming robotscanbeused insmartphones.D.Programming robotsused intoysisnot newat all.
62.The passageimplies that.A.People canprogram variousorders evenwithout codeblocks.B.Anyone cancontrol Artibofreely unlikeother programmingtoys.C.The morefamiliar yourewith coding,the moreyouUl likeArtibo.D.Artibo ispopular inthe worldespecially amongyoung people.()CFor manyhealth-conscious people,bread isa littleslice ofhelLShelves ofmultigrain loaves-or friendspassing(酵母面包)(手工艺性的)around sourdoughstarters andattaching theword tothe ancientcombination of(酵母),yeast flourandwater—have ledconsumers tobelieve wholegrain breadis healthierthan industrial white bread.That trendhas madefor alot ofexpensive sandwiches.Fortunately,a newstudy by researchers atthe WeizmannInstitute ofScience ishere tocut throughthe confusion.Inthe study,published inCell Metabolism,researchers randomized20participants toconsume eitherprocessed white breador artisanalwhole wheatsourdough inorder tocompare theeffects ofeach onthe body.Before the study started,all participantsconsumed thesame amountof whiteand nonwhite bread forseveral days.Then eachgroup ate,on average,at least100grams of bread-three tofour slices-per dayfbr oneweek.After atwo-weekbreak,the groupsswitched typesfbr anotherbread-laden week.The totalamountofcalories theparticipants consumedremainedconstant the duration ofthe study.The researcherswere surprisedby whatthey found.There wereno clinicallysignificant differencesbetween theeffectsof thesetwo typesofbreadon whateverwe measured/9said computationalbiologist EranSegal,senior authorof thestudyinastatement.Those measuredincluded glucoselevels uponwaking,fat andcholesterol levels,the amountsofessential mineralsinthebloodstream andseveral indicatorsof tissuedamage.Segal andcolleagues examined20variablesand foundnot onenotable differencebetweenthewhite bread eaters andthe artisanal breadeaters.The keyfinding:Itwasnt thatboth breadshad noeffect onthe body.Rather,they bothdid equaldamage.As itturns out,half theparticipantshad ahigher glycemic response toindustrialwhitebread,and halfhad thehigher responseto artisanalsourdough bread.The researchersalso foundthat whichbread wasbest foryoucanbe predictedbased onthe bacteriapresent inyour一一(血糖)body.They foundthatthe“profile“the varietyof bacterialspecies correlatedwith theglycemicresponsetoeach bread.The smallsize ofthestudymeans theresults shouldbe consideredpreliminary.The researchershope tostudythese predictorsmore carefullyas apotential wayto improvenutritional recommendationssays biologistAvraham Levy,another studyco-author.In short,thestudyprovides vitalevidence thatwe needto stopjudging eachother inthe supermarketbread aisle.
63.Why doesthe authoruse fortunately“atthebeginning ofthe secondparagraphA.The studyis conductedbyresearchersspecializing infood andnutrition.B.The studycan deepenpeoples understandingoftheadvantages ofyeast.C.The studyhas madegreat breakthroughsinfindingwhat mattersin bread.D Thestudy showsyou needntspend somuch moneyon wholegrainbread.
64.What canbe concludedfromthestudy mentionedinthepassageA.Both whitebread andnonwhitebreadmay doharm toour health.B.People respondsimilarly towhitebreadbut differentlyto nonwhitebread.C.White breadand wholegrainbread produceno immediateeffect onthe body.D.White breadeaters andartisanalbreadeaters reportdifferent bodyresponses.
65.The findingsneed moreresearch becauseof.A.the theorytheyarebased onB.the numberof participantsC.the methodoftheexperiments D.thedurationofthestudy
66.Which ofthefollowingistheauthor mostlikely toagree withA.Its betterto stickto ancientways ofmaking bread.B.Supermarkets shouldlabel thebread thatmay doharm.。