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Unit1Science andScientistsReading andThinking阅读文本解构Task1框架宏观建构整体理解Skim thepassage andfill in the blanks.JOHN SNOWDEFEATS“KING CHOLERAIt was a
1.deadly disease.People didntknow its
2.cause.About choleraHe
4.marked theFindinga valuableexact places oncluethemap.The wayof findingFindingthe
5.water pumpevidencewas to blameHe was ableHe didto announce withcertainty------further1that
6.polluted waterresearch.carried thegerms.Millions ofpeople diedevery timethere wasan
3.outbreak.Water companiesbegan tosell
7.clean water.The measuresCholerawas
8.contralledand resultTask2文本微观剖析细节探究Choose the best answer.l.What did John Snowdesire to do asa young doctorA.To bea world-famous doctor.B.To attend to Queen Victoria.C.To prevent or treat cholera.D.To createa newtheory.
2.Which of the followingdidJohn Snow thinkwas the most importantto defeata diseaseA.Finding itscause.B.Finding itscure.lsuspect sb./sth.to be…怀疑/猜想某人/某物是suspect sb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做过某事suspect that...怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
(2)suspicious力.可疑的;令人怀疑的•be suspiciousof/about sth.又寸......怀疑[完成句子]
①He suspectedthat thechild waslying.他认为这个孩子在说谎
②[《双城记》]I thinkI willinform theTribunal that I suspectyou ofspying forEngland.我想我得告知陪审团,就说我怀疑你是英国的间谍
③Two officerson patrolbecame suspiciousof twomen ina car.两位巡警对一辆小汽车内的两名男子起了疑心[熟词生义]
④Some of the proof they producedwas highlysuspect.他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠(adj.不可靠的)
②Its parentsand studentsthat shouldtake theblame fortheir lackof self-independence.是父母和学生应对他们学生缺乏独立性承担责任
③应用文之建议信When gettingalong withothers,instead ofblaming others,we shouldcommunicatemore andput ourselvesin othersplace.当和其他人相处时,我们应该多交流、换位思考,而不是指责其他人
②[2023•全国乙卷]It canbring anew interestand focusinto peopleslives andhelp tomake thelinkbetween homeand nature.它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系
①应用文之建议信Try tostudy ina positiveway,as thiswill decreasepressure,makingstudying aneasy job.尝试着以积极的方式学习,因为这会减少压力,使学习变得轻松
②The numberof newstudents inthis schooldecreased from2,100to1,600this year.今年,这所学校的新生人数从2100人减少到1600人
③Bill wasrewarded withan increasein hispayment forhis laboriousefforts.比尔因付出了他的辛勤努力而得到了更多的报酬
①The healthsecurity systemsof manycountries areundergoing considerabletransformatioiitransform.[完成句子]
②[2023•全国乙卷]The Chinesecoach transformedDouglas intoone ofthebestgymnasts in the world,helping herskyrocket from an averagemember ofthe nationalteam to the topofthesport.这位中国教练将道格拉斯变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的普通成员一跃成为这项运动的顶峰
③He seemsto transformfromaboy toa manovernight,becoming talland strong,handsome andgraceful.他仿佛一夜之间由男孩变成了男子汉,变得高大强健,英俊洒脱
9.thanks to幸亏,由于教材原句P3Fortunately,we nowknow how to preventcholera,thanks to the workof John Snow.幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的努力我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱・【词块必记】thanks to常作状语,位置可前可后because of常作状语due to常作状语和表语,作状语时一般不放在句首owing to常作状语和表语on accountof常作状语,位置可前可后asa result of常作状语[完成句子]
①(读后续写之主题升华)Thanks toJohiVs braveryand calmness,the tworescuedchildren werefinally reunitedwith theirfamily happily.多亏了约翰的勇敢和冷静,被救的两个孩子最终高兴地与家人团聚了
②[2022•全国乙卷]A doctortells mepeople wholive thelongest aredancers andcyclists.Maybe itisbecause ofthe combinationof freshair,smooth movementand exercise.一个医生告诉我,寿命最长的人是舞者和骑自行车的人也许这是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合
③[2022•新高考I卷]Short writingsmissed asa result of anexcused absencewill beaccepted.由于请假而没提交的短文可以被接受
10.(教材原句P2)Cholera used to beone ofthe mostfeared diseasesintheworld,until aBritishdoctor,John Snow,showed howit couldbe overcome.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一・[句式解构]本句是一个复合句句中until引导时间状语从句若主句的谓语动词是延续性的,那么主句需用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的,则主句常用否定式构成not…until…结构[名师点津]not until的特殊句式⑴倒装结构部分倒装:“Not until+时间从句或短语+助动词+主句主语+谓语动词二2强调结构:It is/was not until+时间从句或短语+that+主句部分[完成句子]
①[2023•浙江1月高考]I wasstanding by the carwhen ahummingbird flewto thecenter ofour groupandbegan hovering.She turnedfrom personto personuntil shecame tome.我正立占在】气车旁边,这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们队伍的中心,开始盘旋它从一个人转向另一个人,直到它来找我
②It wasnotuntilthat momentthatIrealized howmuch asmall gesturehad affectedhim.直至U那一刻,我才意识到一个小小的举动对他的影响有多大
③读后必实写之主题升华Not untilI experiencedthe accidentwas Iaware thatbad fortunemight bethedoor waitingto beopened.直到我经历了这场事故,我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门
①[2022•全国甲卷]The disagreementwas sosharp thatneither henor I knew how to settleit.分歧如此尖锐,以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它
②They saidit was so beautifula daythat theywould rememberit forever.他们说这是如此美好的一天,以至于他们将永远记住这一天
③(读后续写之心理描写)So nervouswas hethat hefelt histongue tiedand palmssweating.他是如此紧张,以至于他感觉自己舌头打结,手心出汗
①(应用文之申请信)Actually,I reallyhope tohave myEnglish improvedand makesome friendsin thecamp.事实上,我真希望提高我的英语,并在营地结交一些朋友
②[2022•全国乙卷]It comesafter morethan halfof softdrinks soldin shopshave hadtheir sugarlevelscut bymanufacturers sothey canavoid payingthe tax.此前,商店销售的软饮料中有超过一半被制造商降低了含糖量以避免纳税
③He wasvery funnyand hadus lauqhiniall the way.他非常滑稽,一路上逗得我们笑个不停
④Our mathteacher hadus handia ourhomework ontime every day.我们的数学老师让我们每天按时交作业C.Finding itsresult.D.Finding itsharm.
3.What wasthe keyto helpfbr John Snows discoveryA.The government.B.The womanwho hadmoved away from Broad Street.C.The watercompany.D.The mapmade byhimself.
4.Which housenumber hasmany deathsA.38Broad Street.B.21Broad Street.C.8Cambridge Street.D.9Cambridge Street.
5.Why isSnow consideredthe fatherof modernepidemiologyA.Because hechanged theway tostudy diseases.
6.Because heknew how to preventand treat cholera.C.Because hemade choleradisappear intheworld.D.Because heannounced the pump water carried cholera germs.答案:1〜
5.CADAATask3语篇总结归纳主题深化In theearly19th century,l.when anoutbreak ofcholera hitEurope,John Snowbecame
2.frustratedfrustrate because no one knew howto prevent or treatcholera.3,But he never lost hisdesire todestroy choleraonce andfor all.Snow subscribedto thetheory thatcholera
4.was causedcausebyan
5.infectioiiinfect fromgerms in food or water.Snow beganby
6.markingmark on a map theexact placeswhere allthose whodied hadlived.As
7.aresult,John Snow was ableto announcethat thepumpwater
8.carriedcarry choleragerms.
9.Accordinglyaccording,he hadthe handleofthepump
10.removedremove sothatit could notbe used.Through thisintervention,the diseasewas stoppedin itstracks.教材课文解读JOHN SNOWDEFEATS“KING CHOLERA
①”Cholera usedto be2oneofthemostfeared diseasesintheworld,until aBritish doctor,JohnSnow,showed howitcouldbe overcome.This illnesscauses severe diarrhoea,dehydration
④,and evendeath.In theearly19th century,when anoutbreak ofcholera hitEurope,millions ofpeople diedfrom thedisease.❶^Z1^\Z^K^XZ\Z1\/\Z\y*»^^»^\ZVZ\ZXZ\Z^XZV^^^\/\1^\/yZX1\ZyZS/XZyZWZ\ZZV^Z\Z\ZZX^\Z\ZZ\ZZyZ\Z\Z^XZ\ZX^\ZW/XZZXZZW\/*ZWZ^X/ZVZX^\Z1/^^Z\/1XZ\Z\✓XZ\ZZXZZ✓^\ZyXZ\Z\✓KZSZV\^\Z\Z\Z//\Z\/^X^\«^\Z/y\Z\ZX/^Z\ZNZ\ZV^k/\ZWXZV^ZW\ZWZ^K/ZZ\Z\Z\/SZ\ZWW/N^\Z»howtopreventortreatcholera.In time,he roseto becomea famousdoctor,and evenattended toZ^ZWVZWVZZWZ1SZ✓SZ1SZ^^^ZW/WXVZVZWZV/V»^ZWV/^*WZW1ZWZW*1ZW*1ZW*1Z/✓ZWW%1Zll%Z,/QueenVictoriawhen shegave birth.However,heneverlosthisdesire todestroy choleraonce andforall®.是复合句句中because引导原因状语从句;howtopreventortreatcholera为“疑问词+to do”结构作宾❶语In general,doctors inthose dayshad twocontradictory theoriesto explainhow choleraspread.One theorywas thatbad aircaused the disease.The otherwas thatcholera wascaused byan infectionfromgerms⑪infoodorwater.Snow subscribedto⑫the second theory.It wascorrect,but hestillneeded proof®.Consequently®,when anoutbreak ofcholera hitLondon in1854,Snow began toinvestigate.❷He discoveredthat intwo particularstreets thecholera outbreakwassosevere thatmorethan500people diedin tendays.He wasdetermined to⑮Endout why.是复合句句中第一个that引导宾语从句;so…that在句中引导结果状语从句❷©Snow beganby markinsonamaptheexactplaceswhere allthose whodied hadlived.There weremultiple⑯deaths nearthe water pump®in Broad Street especiallyhouse numbers16,37,38,and
40.However,some households®such as20and21Broad Street,and8and9Cambridge Streethadhad nodeaths.These peopleworked inthe pubat7Cambridge Street.They hadbeen givenfree beer,and sohad notdrunk the water from thepump.Snow suspected®that thewater pumpwas toblame⑳.What ismore,in anotherpart ofLondon,a womanand herdaughter haddied ofcholera aftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.❹It seemedthat thewoman likedthewaterfrom thepump somuch thatshe had itdelivered toher houseeveryday.As aresultofthis evidence,JohnSnowwas ableto announcethat thepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandle㉑ofthepumpremovedsothat itcouldnotbe used.Through thisintervention㉒,thediseasewas stoppedin itstracks.是复合句where和who均在句中引导定语从句❸©seemed后面的that弓I导表语从句;so…that弓I导结果状语从句;had itdelivered是“have+宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语”结构The truthwas thatthewaterfrom theBroadStreetpump hadbeen infectedby waste.Moreover,Snowwaslater ableto showa link®between othercases ofcholera andthe differentwater companiesinLondon.Some companiessold waterfromtheRiver Thamesthat waspolluted byraw
③waste.❺Thepeople whodrank thiswater weremuch morelikely to®get cholerathan thosewhp drankDjire®_prbpilgd water./\1/K/SZ\Z\ySZ\^/1Z\Z\Z\ZKZKySZ^ZZ\»Z\ZXZ\Z*^^Z\^^*\ZKZZ»Z^S/\Z\Z\Z\/\ZKZ\^Z\ZKZ\Zw»KZ\Z^^/\ZK/Z\ySZ\/^/*w*KZ\Z»1/\Z\y\lZZ\X\y^/\ZX1Z是复合句than引导比较状语;两个who引导的是定语从句,分别修饰The people和those much是副词,❺o修饰比较级more likelyThroughSnows tirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosell cleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaround theworld sawasubstantial decrease㉗.However,cholera isstill aproblem.Each year,millionsof peoplearound theworld getcholera andmany diefrom it.Fortunately,we nowknow howto preventcholera,thanks tothe workof JohnSnow.Moreover,in hisuse ofmaps andstatistics®,Snow transformed㉚thewayscientists studydiseases.For thisreason,Snow isconsideredthe fatherof modemepidemiology®.
①cholera九霍乱
②usedto do/be过去常常
③severe”/.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的severediarrhoea严重腹泻©dehydration儿脱水
⑤hit(二strike)以侵袭,袭击
⑥frustrated〃力・.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
⑦attendto处理;致力于;照料
⑧once andfor all最终地彻底地
⑨contradictory M・相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的©infection几感染传染infect艮使感染;传染⑪germ几微生物;细菌;病菌⑫subscribe to同意;赞同⑬proof儿证据;证明;检验©consequently因此;所以⑮be determinedtodosth.决心做某事determined〃力.坚决的,有决心的・determine直决定;确定;下定决心・⑯multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的⑰water pump水泵©household n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人⑲suspect以历.怀疑;疑有;不信任〃.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象⑳blame”把……归咎于……;责隆指责机责备寸旨责be toblame应负责任handle〃把手;拉手柄以处理;搬动操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)㉑©intervention〃介入;出面;干涉•link比联系;纽带.把……连接起来;相关联raw必,未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的㉓㉔♦be likelytodo很可能(=it islikelythat...)㉕pure力.干净的;纯的;纯粹的㉖•©substantial.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的decrease vt.应.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低几减少;降低;减少量substantialdecrease大幅减少thanks to幸亏;由于㉘statistic九[pl.]统计数字;统计资料;统计学㉙transform使改观;使改变形态切.改变;转变㉚epidemiology几流行病学㉛课文译文约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”・在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一它可导致・严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡十九世纪初,霍乱暴发,肆虐欧洲,数百万人丧命由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰斯诺医生很沮丧后来,他成了一位名医,甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王然而,他・始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望关于霍乱的蔓延方式,当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法一种看法是空气污染引发,另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱斯诺赞同第二种看法这一看法是正确的,但他仍需要证据因此,在1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时,斯诺便开始调查他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡他决心查明原因斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅),但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作,酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒,因此他们没有喝水泵抽上来的水斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首此外,在伦敦的另一个区域,一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来有了这个证据,约翰・斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了这一举措遏制了疾病的蔓延事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱经过斯诺的不懈努力,饮用水公司开始出售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低然而,霍乱仍是一个问题每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱,其中许多人因此丧生幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的努力,我们现在知・道了如何预防霍乱此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式因此,斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父核心考点精讲LfrustratedM/.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的(教材原句P2)As ayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame frustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventor treatcholera.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱年轻的约翰斯诺医生很沮丧[导图理词]・[语法填空]
①By theway,we oftenfeel frustratedfrustrate,which hasa verybad effecton ourstudy.[完成句子]
②Despite this,I didntfind mylengthened holidayfrustrating andborine.尽管这样,我并不认为延长的假期令人沮丧和枯燥乏味
③[2022•新高考II卷]I bitback myfrustration.Iknewthe coachmeant well-he thoughthe wasdoingthe rightthing.我收回了我的沮丧情绪我知道教练本意是好的——他认为他做的是对的
①She subscribestoanenvironmental actiongroup regularly.[完成句子]
②(应用文之人际关系)All ofus subscribetotheview thata goodparent-child relationshipis basedonmutual understandingand respect.我们所有人都赞成这个观点,好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的
③Thanks forsubscribing toand commentingoo ourofficial channel.感谢你订阅和评论我们的官方频道
3.proof〃证据;证明;检验•(教材原句P2)Itwascorrect,but hestill neededproof.【词块必记】1there isno proofthat有(无)证据表明2prove试证明prove sth.to sb.向某人证实/证明……prove tosb.that(向某人)证实/证明prove...to be证明是・・・・・・・・・・・・[语法填空]这一看法是正确的,但他仍需要证据
①[2023•全国甲卷]Carson provesprove thata simpleliterary formthat hasbeen passeddown throughtheages canstill beemployed todayto drawattention toimportant truths.[完成句子]
②There isno proofthat humanbeings willget infectedbythegerm.【词汇复现】没有证据表明人类会被这种细菌感染
③It hasalso provento bea powerfullearning toolfor studentswith learningdisabilities.对于有学习障碍的学生而言,它也被证明是一个强大的学习工具
4.suspect试阮怀疑凝有;不信任〃.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象(教材原句P2)Snow suspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首【词块必记】。