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人教版高中英语必修一知识点+语法总结(全面)-CAL-FENGHAL-YICAI-Company One1高一主要语法点必修一直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态)必修三情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四主谓一致;非谓语动词;构词法(V・ing)人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit OneFriendship
一、重点短语
1.go through经历,经受gel through通过;完成;接通电话
2.set down记下,放下
3.a series of一系列
4.on purpose有目的的
5.in orderto为了
6.at dusk傍晚,黄昏时刻
7.face toface面对面
8.fall inlove爱上
9.join in参力口(某个活动);take partin参加(活动)join加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)
10.calm down冷静下来
11.suffer from遭受
12.be/get tiredof…对…感到厌倦
13.be concernedabout关心
14.get on/along wellwith与…相处融洽
15.be goodat/do wellin擅长于...
16.find it+adj.to do sth.发现做某事是…
17.no longer/not...any longer不再...
18.too much太多(后接不可数n.)much too太…(后接adj.)
19.not...until直到…才
20.it,s nopleasure doing sth做…并不开心
21.make sb.sth.使某人成为…make sb.do sth.使某人做某事
二、语法一•直接引语和间接引语概念直接引语直接引述别人的原话一般前后要加引号间接引语用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号例Mr.Black said,Im busy.^^Mr.Black said that he was busy.变化规则(-)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化
一、人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思彳列
1.He said,461like itvery much.^^—He saidthat heliked itvery much.
2.He said to me,Ive leftmy book in yourroom.—He toldme that he hadleft hisbookinmy room.
二、时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时例I dontwant to set down a seriesof factsin a diary,“said Anne.—Annc saidthat shedidnt wanttosetdownaseriesoffocts inadiary.The boysaid,Tm using a kniffe.”—The boysaidthathewasusingaknife.▲注意如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:He said,Light travels much faster than sound.,,He saidthat lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语this thatthesethosenow thenagobefore/earliertoday thatdayyesterday theday beforetomorrowthe next/following daytheday aftertomorrow Intwo daystimecome goheretherethe daybefore yesterdaytwo daysbefore/earlier-祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not例The hostesssaid tous,Please sitdown.,,一The hostessasked usto sitdown.He said,Dont make so much noise,boys.^^—He toldthe boysnot tomakesomuchnoise.三疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号一般疑问句如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句例“Do youthink adiary canbecome yourfriend^^the writersays.—The writerasks usif wethink adiary canbecome ourfriend.2)特殊疑问句如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句例“What doyou want”heasked me.t Heasked mewhat IwantedUnit twoEnglish aroundthe world
一、重点短语
1.be differentfrom与...不同be thesame as与...一样
2.one another相互,彼止匕(=each other)
3.official language官方语言
4.at theend of在…结束时
5.because of因为(后接名词或名词性短语)because因为(后接句子)
6.native speakers说母语的人
7.be basedon根据,依据
8.at present目前;当今
9.especially特别,尤其specially专门地
10.make useof利用...make thebest of充分利用...
11.a largenumber of大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)the numberof…的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)
12.in fact=actually=as amatter offact事实上
13.believe itor not信不信由你
14.there isno suchthing as...没有这样的事…
15.be expectedto…被期待做某事
16.play apart/role in...在…起作用
17.make listsof…列清单
18.included包括(前面接包括的对象)Including包括(后接包括的对象)
19.command sb.to dosth.命令某人去做某事command+that从句(从句用should+V原)
20.request sb.to dosth.要求某人做某事request+that从句(从句用should+V原)
二、语法…•英语中的命令()语气和请求()语气command request命令语气•.表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级例
1.Look atthe example”,the teachersaidtous.
2.Open thewindow!请求语气表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌例
1.“Would youlike tosee myShe asked.
2.Would youplease openthe windowUnit3Travel journal
一、重点短语
1.travel--泛指旅行journey—指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage—.指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip—.常指短时间短距离的旅行tour—.指周游,巡回旅游,
2.prefer to更加喜欢,宁愿prefer Ato B比起B,更喜欢Aprefer doingto doing比起做…,宁愿做...prefer to do ratherthan do与其做...,不如…
3.flow through流过,流经
4.ever since自从
5.persuade sb.to dosth.说服某人做某事
6.be fondof喜欢
7.insist ondoing坚持做某事insist+that从句(用should+V原)
8.care about关心
9.change ones mind改变想法
10.altitude高度attitude态度,看法
11.make uponesmindto do下定决心做某事=decide to do=make adecision todo
12.give in让步,屈服give up放弃
13.be surprisedto…对...感到惊奇to onessurprise令某人惊讶的是…
14.at last=finally=in theend最终
15.stop todo停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事
16.as usual像往常一样
17.so...that如此…以至于…So+adj+a/an+n.+that Such+a/an+adj.+n.+that
18.be familiarwith对…熟悉(人作主语)be familiarto为…所熟悉(物作主语)
二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有come/go/leave/arrive/travel/take/stay/do等.例
1.Tm coming.我就来
2.what areyou doingnext Sunday你下个星期天做什么
2.1hear thatyou aretravelling alongMekong River.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行
4.Where areyou stayingat night你们晚上待在哪里Unit fourEarthquakes
一、重点短语
1.right away立刻,马上(=at once=in notime)
2.asleep睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep入睡)sleep K;睡眠sleepy犯困的
3.it seemsthat/as if...看来好像…;似乎
4.in ruins成为废墟
5.the numberof…的数量(谓语动词用单数)anumberof大量(谓语动词用复数)
6.rescue workers营救人员Come toones rescue营救某人
7.be trapped被困
8.how long多长时间how often多久,指平率how soon还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)
9.hundreds ofthousands of成千上万的
10.dig out挖出一泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”IL shake例
1.She feltthe earthshaking underhim.
2.She wasshaken withanger.-指较强烈的震动,如地震quake--例J:The buildingquaked onits foundation一指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖Tremble例Suddenly Isaw herlips begin to trembleand tearsbegintoflow downher cheeks.多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦Shiver—例A suddengust ofcold windmade meshiver.
12.rise rose一risen--vi,上升;升起,无被动语态;give riseto引起Raise raised一raised——vt,举起;筹集;养育Arisearose-arisen-—vt,出现常指问题或现象
13.injure-常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例He wasinjured ina caraccident.泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的harm--例
1.He was afraid thathis furywould harmthe child.
2.His businesswas harmedfor somereason.既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害hurt--例
1.She hurther legwhen shefell.
3.He felthurt atyour word.—般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤wound—例The bulletwounded himin thearm.
14.be preparedfbr...=make preparationsfor...为..•做准备
15.
15.in oneshonor向…表示敬意;为纪念Be/feel honoredtodo…做…感到很荣幸
16.make/give/deliver aspeech发言opening speech开幕词
17.give/provide shelterto…向・・・提供庇护所seek shelterfrom…躲避
18.happen to+n./pron.遭遇,发生happen todosth.偶然;碰巧happen--指偶然发生take place-—指事先计划好的事情发生
二、语法一•定语从句概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词that,which,who宾格为whom,所有格为whose;或者关系副词where,when,why等关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用.关系代词的用法1that关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语例1A planeis amachine thatcan fly.指物,作主语2The noodlesthat Icooked weredelicious.指物,作宾语3Who isthe manthat isreading abook overthere指人,作主语4The girlthat wesaw yesterdaywas Jimssister,指人,作宾语关系代词的用法
2.which关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语例1They plantedsome treeswhich didntneed muchwater.作主语2The fishwhich webought thismorning werenot fresh.作宾语关系代词的用法
3.who,whom关系代词Who,whom只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例1The foreignerwho helpedus yesterdayis fromUS A.作主语2The personto whomyou justtalked tois Mr.Li.作宾语、关系代词在的用法
4.whose关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语例1This isthe scientistwhose nameis knownall overthe world.指人,作主语2The roomwhose windowfaces southis mine.指物,作主语3He haswritten abook whosename Ivefbrgottcn.指物,作宾语关系副词的用法
5.when关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语彳列1Til neverforget thetime when=during whichwe workedon thefarm.2Do youremember theafternoon when=on whichwe firstmet threeyears ago关系副词在定语从句中的用法
6.where关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语例1This isthe placewhere=at/in whichwe firstmet.2The hotelwhere=in whichwe stayedwasnt veryclean.关系副词在定语从句中的用法
7.why关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语例
1.I didntget apay rise,but thiswasnt thereason why=for whichI left.
2.The reasonwhy二for whichhe haslate wasthathemissed thetrain.Unit5Nelson Mandela-a modernhero
一、重点词汇
1.selfish自私的selfless无私的
2.devote oneselfto...致力于;献身于
3.fight against对抗,反对fight for为…而战
4.principle原则principal校长;主要的
5.offer guidanceto…给…提供指导
6.out ofwork失业
7.join加入(组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员)join in参加(活动)take partin参加(活动)
8.as+adj+as onecan尽可能...=as+adj.+as possible
9.asamatter offact事实上(=in fact)
10.blow up爆炸,炸掉
11.set up建立;set about着手,开始做(set aboutdoingsth.)set off出发,动身;set out开始,出发(set outtodosth.)
12.be sentencedto被判…
13.be equalto与…相等;胜任
14.be proudof为…感到自豪
15.give out分发(give off散发出(气味))
16.die for为…而死die of死于(自身原因,如疾病)die from死于(外在原因,如车祸)
17.realize onesdream of...实现..的梦想
18.only位于句首时,要主谓倒装例Only thendid wedecide toanswer violencewith violence.Only inthis way,can weprotect theenvironment better.二.语法一•定语从句详见第四单元。