还剩7页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
•Grammai andusageStep1:General iiitioductionThe grammaritem in this unitfocuses onellipsis.You willlearn whento use ellipsis andhow touseit correctly.You areexpected toapply whatyou havelearnt topractical useby finishingthetwo exercisesinthissection.Step2:Explanation andpractice
1.Read theinstructions onpage
24.We useellip siswhen wedo notwant torepeat wordsorphrases thatare obvious.
2.Read Part
1.We cansee inwhat situationsellipsis isused.Ellipsis is often used inimperative sentences,in shortresponses,in infinitivephrases andin informalEnglish.Ellipsis isalso usedafter hence,some prepositionsor than.Pay attentionto theseventhpoint,in whichellipsis isused whentwo clauseswith thesame patternand thesame verbareusedina sentence.For reference以+名词”开头的结构,是表示结果意义的连接副词,前面的句“Hence hencehence子表示原因,后面则省略了类似的动词它是倒装句例如hence comeHence comes因此,有这本实验说明书this instructionof theexperiment.
3.Now,please turnto Part
2.We cansee thatin somespecial styles,words areleft outjustto savespace andtime.We oftenuseellipsiswhen it comes tosigns andlabels,newspaperheadlines,instructions,postcards,diaries andnotes.
4.Read PartA onpage25and answerthe followingquestions:How didthe singerfeel taking part in Turandotl He/She feltgreat to be cast.It hadalways been one of his/her strongestdesires.Where didthe singerget theinformation thatsingers wereneeded forTvirandotlFrom aposter put up bythe productioncompanys PersonnelDepartment.Why didthesinger thinkit wasdifficult to try outHe/She hada sorethroat.
5.Circle thewords youcould crossand readagain andyou willfind that the languagewouldbe moreconcise.AnswersAJane:How didyou feeltakingpart in TurandotSinger:It was a realprivilege forme to be cast.It hadalwaysbeenone ofmy strongestdesiresto have a partinTurandot.Jane:How wereyou hiredfor thejobSinger:Well,Im amusical performer,but therewasashort periodwhen I was notworking,and wasjust collectingunemployment benefits.One day,I sawaposter that the productioncompanys PersonnelDepartment hadputupsayingthey werelooking forsingers.I appliedfor thejob,and theysent mean川invitation to try outfor apartin the choruJane:Was itdifficult totry outSinger:Yes,it wasdifficult.They askedme tosing atune,and at the timeI hada sorethroat,so Iwas afraidI wouldntget thejob.The pressuremade metremble abit.Jane:What didyou likebest aboutparticipating inTurandotlSinger:The bestpart wesvisiting Beijingbecause theperformance wasstaged in theForbidden City.It wasmy firstvisit to Beijing.Jane:Would youlike tovisit Beijing again」Singer:Yes,I would like tovisit Beingagain.Jane:Well,its beenfun talkingto you.I thankyou for your timv.Singer:Youre welcome.
6.Read theinstructions inPart Band thenfinish it.AnswersB1b2c3a4d5e1Bob James,the popstar diesof drugabusing.2This isthe doorto thestage.3The performancelast nightwas notas goodas usual.4Please handlethis withcare.5Turandot isreally awonderful performance,and thesetting isfantastic too.For reference省略句是英语的一种习惯用法按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句这种语elliptical sentences,法现象称为“省略”其特点是虽然省去句子语法ellipsis orleaving wordsout构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法,而且也是一种简便至极,“虽无胜有”的修辞手段如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了,就可以产生误解或歧义省略在英语运用中,尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在,因为它可以避免重复,突出关键词语,能做到言简意赅,并使上下文紧密连接在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略,有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略
一、词法上的省略名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
1.如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略如1这些是约翰的书,那些是These areJohn*books andthose areMary*s books.玛丽的书名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时,这些名词也常常省2略如在诊所at thedoctors在格林先生家at MrGreensto myuncle!s到我叔叔家atthebarber!s在理发店冠词的省略
2.为了避免重复1电闪雷鸣前省略了定冠词The lightningflashed andthunder crashed.thunderthe在等短语中,有时为了使语气紧凑定冠2the nextday morning,week,year…词常可以省略如the Wewent tothe farmto helpthe farmerswith theharvest thenext第二天,我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼day.在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略如3她在班上唱歌唱得最好She singsbest inthe class.在某些独立主格结构中如4Our teachercame in,book inhand.=Our teachercame in,with abook inhis hand.我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了在引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的单数名词提前时,不定冠词要省5as略如虽然他还是一个孩子,却懂得很多Child as he is,he knowsa lot.介词的省略
3.后常跟短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形1both of式接复数名词时,介词可以省略,但接代词宾格时,不能省略如:f of这两部电影都很有趣Both ofthe filmswere interesting.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对She invitedboth of us toher birthday party.在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词可以省略如2forThese shoesare wornout.They havelasted for a longtime.这双鞋穿破了,已经穿了很长一段时间了被动结构中,如果没有必要强调动作的执行者,则可以省略介词短语如3by这封信是昨天寄出去的The letterwas postedby meyesterday.和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词,如4consider...as...,prevent/stop...等中的from doing...,have trouble/difficulty...in doing...,spend...in/on doing...介词可以省略如树能阻止泥土被冲走Trees canprevent theearth frombeing washedaway.你能阻止他下河洗澡吗?Can youstop himfrom goingswimming inthe river回答这个问题我有点困难I havesome difficultyin answeringthe question.
4.动词不定式中的省略有些动词,如等后作宾补1believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove的结构中的可以省略如to be+n./adj.to be我认为他懒I considerhim to be lazy.His motherfound him to be a cleverboy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子感官动词等以及使役动词后作2see,hear,feel,watch,notice let,make,have宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号要省略,但变为被动结构时,必须保留to to如:.他们强迫这个男孩早睡They madethe boygo to bed early这个男孩被迫早睡The boywas madeto go to bedearly.注后作宾补的动词不定式中的可以省略也可以保留help to在之后的动词不定式——般不3can not but,can notchoose but,can nothelp but带;之前有实义动词的某个形式时,也不带否则要to butdo do,does,did,done to,带如to我们现在除了等没有别的事可做We havenothing todo nowbut wait.我不能不钦佩他的勇敢I cannotbutadmire hiscourage.除了接受这个事实他别无选择He hasno choicebut toaccept thefact.在并列结构中为了避免重复如4我真不知道该怎么想,怎么说才好Pm reallypuzzled whatto thinkor say.但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个不能省略如t我来不是责备你,而是赞美你I came not toscold butto praiseyou.在引导的特殊问句中后跟省略的动词不定式如5why,why not to为什么大谈这个事呢?Why talkso muchabout it为什么不再试一试呢?Why nottry itagain主语部分有实意动词的任何形式,后是不定式做的表语解释的6do is/was do内容,通常省略to.The onlything youhave todo isto pressthe button.动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的7动词如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为了避免重复,句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号如t如果他们想去,他们就可以去They maygo ifthey wishto go..直到我告诉你去,你才可以去Dont gotill Itell youto在一些动词afford,agree,expect,forget,mean,pretend,remember,want,refuse,等后跟动词不定式作宾语,不定式中的可以承前hope,wish,would likelove,try to后省略如一你愿和我一起去看电影吗?Will yougo tothe cinemawith me一我愿意Well,Id liketo gowith you.I woulddo itfor you,but I dont knowhow todo itforyou.我想为你做这事,但我又不知如何做在某些形容词,如等后承前省略动词原形,只afraid,glad,willing,happy,eager保留不定式符号如t一你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗?Will youjoin usinthegame一当然,我愿意Sure,Ill beglad tojoin youinthegame.有些动词,如tell,ask,allow,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时,不定式承wish,wouldlike,forbid前省略动词原形,保留动词不定式符号如to He didn*tcome,though wehad invited尽管我们邀请他来,他却没来himto come.注承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词或则要保留或如have be,be have一你是老师吗?Are youa teacher一不,我以前是No,but Iused tobeateacher.
二、句法中的省略在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中,可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分,也可以省略多个句子成分简单句中的省略
1.感叹句中常省略主语和谓语如1多热的天啊!多妙啊!What ahot dayit is!How wonderful!在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分如2一你抽烟吗?一不,谢谢了Will youHave asmoke No.Thanks.还有别的要说吗?Is thereAnything elseto say并列句中的省略
2.如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的那部1分如John must have beenplaying footballand Marymusthavebeen doingher约翰一定在踢球,而玛丽一定在做作业homework.主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则二者都可以省略如2His suggestions made Johnhappy,but hissuggestionsmadeMary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴,却使玛丽很生气主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语如3Old McDonaldgave upsmoking fora while,but hesoon returnedto hisold ways.老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟,可很快又抽上了在并列复合句中,如果从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语4that等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时、这个从句通常可以省略这些相同的部that分如Jack willsing atthe party,but I know Johnwont singattheparty.杰克将在晚会上唱歌,但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌复合句中的省略
3.名词性从句中的省略1作宾语的从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则从句可以省略谓1what what语,甚至主语如有Someone hasused mybike,but I dont knowwho hasused it.人用了我的自行车,但我不知道是谁He has gone,but noone knowswhere hehasgone.他走了,但没人知道他去哪儿了有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分如2对不起,让你久等了Im SorryTve keptyou waitingso long.在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,从3句谓语动词中的助动词可以省略如should Itsimportant thatwe shouldspeak tothe我们对老人说话要有礼貌,这很重要old politely.定语从句中的省略2在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词常可以省1that,which,who whom略如我见到的那个人名叫史密斯The manwho/whom Isaw iscalled Smith.Where isthe bookwhich Ibought thismorning今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿?关系副词以及在2when,where,why that the timeday,morning,afternoon,等evening,night,week,month,year when,the placedesk,table,room,spot,house,town,等结构中引导限制性定语从句时,country,school where,the reasonwhy,the waythat在非正式场合下,可以省略关系副词如when,where,why,thatI shallnever forgetthe daywhen wefirst met.我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天The reasonwhy hecame soearly ishis ownaffair.他来这么早是他自己的事The waythat youanswered thequestions wasadmirable.你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩状语从句中的省略3当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,或状语从句中的主语是并且又含有it,be动词时,常可以省略从句中的主语和动词be在等引导的时间状语从句中如:1as,before,till,once,when,while我——边看杂志,——边等While Iwas waiting,Iwasreading somemagazines.在等引导的让步状语从句中如2though,although,Though theywere tired,they wenton working.虽然他们累了,但他们仍继续工作在等引导的条件状语从句中如3if,unless=if…notYou shouldntcome tohis partyunless youwere invited.除非你被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的宴会在引导的让步状语从句中如:4as,as if,as though他按照被告知的那样去做了Hedidashehad beentold.He pausedas ifhe wasexpecting herto speak.他停下来,好像是在期待她说话在引导的比较状语从句中如5as so…as...,than我知道你能比他做得更好Iknowyou can do betterthan hecando.这辆小车不及那辆跑得快This cardoesn*t runas fastas thatone does.
三、替代性省略在一些交际用语中的某些动词,如等后常think,suppose,expect,believe,guess常和等连用,以替代上文出现的内容如so,not一Do yousuppose he is going to attendthe meeting你认启他会来参加这个会议吗?一我认为不会I supposenot.高考链接A.not toB.nottodo C.not doit D.do notto
92.Its afine day.Lets gofishing,A.wont weB.will weC.dont weD.shall we
3.Be sure to writeto us,A.will youB.arent youC.can youD.mustnt you
4.How aboutthe twoofusa walkdown thegardenA.to takeB.take C.taking D.tobetaking
1.The boywanted toride hisbicycle inthe street,but hismother toldhim
5.—1usually gothere bytrain.一Why notby boatforachangeA.totry going B.trying togo C.totryand goD.trygoing
6.—Alice,why didntyoucome yesterday—1_,but Ihad anunexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was goingto D.did一
7.Could Iborrow yourdictionary一Yes,of courseyou.A.might B.will C.can D.should
8.—Dont forgetto cometo mybirthdaypartytomorrow.A.I dontB.I wontKeys:1-5C.I cantD.I haventADACD6-8CCBStep3:ConsolidationL Multiplechoice
1.for yourbrother,I wouldnot havegone to see Mr.Wang.A.If itis not B.Were itnot C.Had itnot beenD.If theywere not一
2.rd liketo havea pieceof breadand twoeggs.一Anything D.tobefollowedA.following B.follows C.to follow
3.He suggestedthatthework atonce.D.doesA.be doneB.should doC.could do
4.Ifs afine day.Lets goswimming,A.wont weB.will youC.dont weD.shall we
5.Be suretobehere earlytomorrow,A.will youB.arent youC.can youD.could you
6.Father advisedmenotto sayanything untilatthemeeting.A.asking B.to askC.asked D.ask
7.We willhaveameeting nextweek,but wedont know.A.who B.where C.as D.which
8.Though thelittle boyisoftenmade byhis brother,he madehis brother—yesterday.A.cry;to cryB.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry
9.—ril goto Koreato watchthe14th AsianGames.Would youmindlooking aftermy dog一Not all..A.I cantB.Please dontC.Td likeit D.Id behappy to
10.—Do youthink Jackis goingto watcha footballmatch thisweekendA.I believenotB.I believenot soC.Idontbelieve itD.Idontbelieve
11.—What doyouthink madethe girlso glad一a beautifulnecklace.A.As shereceived B.Receiving C.Received D.Because ofreceiving
12.—Arent youbechairman一No,and I.A.dont wanttoB.dont wantC.dont wanttobeD.dont wantbe
13.Youre yourtimetrying topersuade him.Hell neverjoin us.A.spending B.wasting C.losing D.missing一
14.He promisedtocometoseeyou.一But he.Ive beenall alone.A.didnt B.wouldnt C.hasnt D.wont
15.How aboutthe numberof studentsplaying onthe playgroundA.Small B.Many C.Little D.Most
16.All substances,solids,liquids,or gases,are madeup ofentirely atoms.A.whether theyB.whether C.whether arethey D.whether are
17.—Have youwatered theflowers一No,but.A.I amB.Tm goingC.Tm justgoingtoD.I willgo
18.If yougotoXian,you willfind thepalaces theremore magnificentthan commonly.A.supposing B.supposed C.to supposeD.suppose
19.If thesame treatmentagain,heissuretoget well.A.giving
8.give C.given D.being given
20.He brokehis legswhile.A.riding B.ride C.was ridingD.rodeIL Translation我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了
1.这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧
2.上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一
3.我的兄弟有时抽烟,而我不抽烟
4.一旦出版,这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之一
5.Keys:I.1-5CCADA6-10CBDDA11-15BCBCA16-20BCBCAII.
1.My uncleis betterthan whenI wroteto.
2.This substancewe callwater,and comenext onlyto oxygen.
3.Shanghai isone ofthe largestcities inthe world,if notthe largestcity.
4.My brothersmokes,but Idont smoke.
5.When published,the novelwill becomeoneofthe bestsellers ofthe year.。