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•Grammar andusageStep1:General iiitioductionThe grammaritem in this unitfocuses oninversion.You willlearn howto makean inversionandin whatcases inversionis used.Then youmay applywhat you have learntto practicaluse.Step2:Explanation
1.Look at the followingpairs ofsentences.What isthe differencebetween them♦I like the beautiful girl.Do youlikethebeautiful girl♦/am doingmy homework.What areyou doingInthe abovesentences,the secondsentence ofeach pairis aquestion.The orderof the wordsin the sentences hasbeen changed.This iscalled inversion.When weuseinversion,we put the predicateor part of itbefore the subject,so the predicate isemphasizedinstead ofthe subject.Inversion canbe used in manycases besidesin aquestion.
2.The othercases whereinversion canbe usedare asfollows.♦When thesentence beginswith anegative wordor anegative phrasesuch asneither,nor,never,not,at no time,seldom,hardly.Please changethe followingsentencesinto inversion1/can/t swim;he can/t swimeitherI can/t swim;neither canhe.2/shall neverforget the day when I met Mr Wang in the countryside.Never shallI forget thedaywhenImetMrWangin thecountryside.3Smoking is at notime permitted in the meeting roomAtnotimeis smokingpermittedin the meetingroom.4He hadhardly gotinto theroom when the telephonerang.A.shall IB.do IC.I doD.I shall
4.No soonerto thestation thetrain Ie代.A.had I got,when B.I hadgot,thanC.had Igot,than D.did Iget,when
5.Not onlya promise,but alsohe keptit.A.did hemake B.he madeC.does hemake D.has hemade
6.today,he wouldget thereby Sunday.A.Would heleave B.Was heleavingC.Were heto leaveD.If heleave
7.Never inmy lifesuch athing.A.I haveheard orhave seenB.have Iheard orseenC.I haveheard orseen D.did Ihear orsee
8.一Here!Where isXiao Liu一There.A.comes the bus,is heB.comes the bus,he isC.thebuscomes,is heD.thebuscomes,he is
9.,I willnot buyit.A.Much asdo I like itB.As muchI like itD.Much asI likeit D.As I likeitmuch
10.一Ilikefootball.I dont like volleyball.A.So doI B.Neither doI C.So itis withme D.So isit withme
11.the expense,I toItaly.A.If itwere not,goB.Were itnot for,would goC.Werent itfor,will goD.If ithadnt been,would havegone
12.So in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch.A.he wasfrightened B.was hefrightenedC.frightened he was D.frightened was he
13.and caughtthe mouse.A.Up the cat jumpedB.The catup jumpedC.Up jumpedthe catD.Jumped upthecat
14.—You havean Englishclass every day exceptSunday.一.A.So wehave B.So we doC.So havewe D.So dowe
15.1wonder ifyour wifewill go to theball.If yourwife,so mine.A.does;will B.will;doesC.will;would D.does;do
16.1,I wouldaccept theinvitation andgo to the party.A.Were Iyou B.Was Iyou C.Had I been you D.Would1be you
17.—You seemto havelearned all the Englishwords byheart.一.A.So Ido B.So doIC.So I have D.So haveI
18.—I seldomwatch TV,but listentotheradio a lot.—.A.So doI B.Neither doIC.K mthe sameD.So itis withme
19.—Have youever seen anything like that beforeA.No,I never have seenanything likethat beforeB.No,never I have seenanything likethat beforeC.No,neverhaveI seenanything likethat beforeD.No,Ihaveseenanythinglikethatbefore never
20.Jimmy wasso nervousnot asingle worddown inthe dictation.A.he wroteB.hewaswrittenC.did hewrite D.was hewrittenII.Translation
1.虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多
2.只有用这种方式我们才能提高我们的英语水平
3.如果明天下雨的话,我们将不开会了
4.我一回来就开始烧饭了
5.直到他失去健康,他才意识到好的身体意味着什么Keys:I.1-5DBACA6-10CBBCC11-15BDCBA16-20ACDCCII.
1.Child ashe is,he knowsa lot.
2.Only inthis waycan weimprove ourEnglish.
3.If itwere to rain tomorrow,we wouldnt have themeeting.=Were ittoraintomorrow,we wouldn/thavethemeeting.
4.Hardly had Igotback whenI startedcooking.
5.Not untilhe losthis healthdid herealize whatgood healthmeant.Hardly hadhe gotinto theroom whenthe telephonerang.♦When thesentence beginswith onlyand so/such1You willbe able to masterthe languageonly bypractising afew hoursevery day.Only bypractising afew hourseveryday,will yoube ableto masterthe language.2She isso beautifulthat weall likeher.So beautifulis shethat weall likeher.3She issuch a beautiful girlthat weall likeher.Such abeautifulgirlis shethat weall likeher.Note:Inversion shouldnot beused whenonly modifiesthe subject.♦When thesentence beginswith directspeech orpartofit“111come backin threedays//said Tom.♦When thesubject istoo longPresentat themeeting weremany importantpersons.♦When thesentence beginswith here,there,in,out,up,down,on,etc.Here isan applefor you.There goesthe bell.There aremany studentsin ourschool.Note:If thesubject isa pronoun,we cannot useinversion.♦Inversion canalso beusedinformal languageto talkabout unrealconditionals.Had Itime=If I had time,I wouldgo andhelp you.Were Iyou=If Iwere you,I wouldgo abroad.Should he come=lfhe shouldcome,tell him to ringme up.♦When aprepositional phrasewhich indicatesa positionis usedas anadverbial ofaplace,we canputtheprepositional phraseat thebeginning ofthesentence,and putthepredicateverb beforethesubject.In front of ourclassroom aremany beautifultrees.
3.Look atPart Aon page41and finishit.AnswersA1Aunt reallyenjoyed Franceand sodid I.2Hardly hadwe leftthe dormitorythe nextmorning whenwe realizedwe hadforgottenour mapintheroom.3Had youcome withus,I thinkyou wouldhave enjoyedEurope too.4Is thereanything specialthat Ican bringyou
4.Finish PartB.AnswersB1Never haveI seensuch beautifulflowers inthe city.2Neither doIhavetime togotothe museumtoday andnor doI wantto.3Hardly hadI startedto lookatthepaintings whenthe teachersaid itwas timetoleave themuseum.
4.The artistis alwaysdrawing;seldom is he seenwithout anotebook inhis hand.For reference倒装句主语和谓语有两种顺序一是主语在前,叫自然语序反之,如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序,又分全部倒装语和部分倒装全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前,部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前
1.全部倒装1)There be句型:还可用live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等动词作这类句型的谓语Long longago therelived aking wholoved horsesvery much.There happenedto benobody inthe bedroomwhenthefire brokeout.There liesa largeGreenland infrontofthe house.2)then引起谓语为come,follow的句子Then camea newdifficulty.然后产生了一个新的困难Then followedeight yearsoftheAnti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战3)直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语(特别是谓语较短时)“Theymustbe inthe fieldsnow/thought XiaoLin.“他们准是下地了”小林想道Help!Help!//cried thelittle girl.小姑娘叫道“救命!救命!”如果主语不比谓语长,或是它后面有宾语,主语就仍然多放在前面“Take yourseats,gentlemen/Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道“先生们坐好”“That manisafamous star,Xiao Yangtold mein awhisper.小杨低声告诉我说“那个人是著名的电影明星〃(其他情况可参见P57)
2.部分倒装l)only+副词/介词短语/状语从句Only thendid I realize theimportance ofEnglish.Only inthis waycan youmake progressin yourEnglish.Only whenthe warwas overin1918was heabletoget happilyback to work.注意
①在nly+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序;
②only修饰主语,不倒装Only Tomknows theanswer.2)否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by nomeans(决不),in notime(很快),at notime(在任何时候都不),(在任何情况下者B不)not until,not only...but also,no soonerthan=hardly when/scarcely when即“否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他”Never haveIbeeninthiscity.Little/Seldom doI watchTV.Not untilI beganto workdid Irealize how much time I had wasted.注意
①关联词的搭配;
②前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装3)以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作”也,同样,也如此表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neithei7nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”译作“也不是,也没有〃The boyleft home,and sodid hissister aweek later.Society haschanged andso havethe peoplein it.社会变了人也变了—I dontthink Ican walkany further.—Neither canI.Lets stopfor arest.注意
①当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时译作”的确,正是应用自然语序—Tom workshard.—So hedoes andso doyou.
②倒装部分的助动词,情态动词,连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致,主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应If youdont go,neither/nor shallI.If youdont go,I shallnot go.注意表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用It isthe samewith something/somebody或So itiswith something/somebody.IlikeEnglish verymuch,but Idontlikephysics.It isthe samewith mybrother.She doeswell inEnglish,but ispoor inmaths.So itis withLucy.Marx wasborn inGermany andGerman washis nativelanguage.It wasthesame withEngles4)引导让步状语从句,表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他Clever ashe is,he doesntstudy well.Child ashe is,he knowsalot.Try asshe might,she failed.Try ashe would,he mightfail again.Hard ashe tried,he didntsucceed.注意表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5)so+adj/adv放在句首So afraidwasheinthedarknessthathedidntdaretomoveanitch.So loudlydid hespeak thateveryone couldhear him.6)如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装If ithadnt been for their help,we couldnthave finishedthe workon time.=Hadnt itbeenfortheirhelp,we couldnthave finishedthe workon time.If thereshould be a flood,what wouldwe do=Should therebeaflood,what wouldwedo7)频度副词及短语often,always,now andthen,many atime,every otherday等放在句首时有时也倒装Many atime hashecometo comfortme.Often didhe warnthem notto doso.8)某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序May yousucceed.祝你成功!Long livethe CommunistParty ofChina!共产党万岁!高考链接()
1.1,Mother willwait forhimtohave dinnertogether.1997NMETA.However lateisheB.However he is lateC.However ishe lateD.However lateheis
2.——David hasmade greatprogress recently.(1997上海)一,and.A.So hehas soyou haveB.So hehas sohave youC.So hashe sohave youD.So hashe soyouhave
3.Not asingle songat yesterdaysparty.(2000上海)A.she sangB.sang sheC.did shesing D.she didsing
4.—It wascareless ofyou tohave leftyour clothesoutside allnight.—My God!.(1997上海)A.So did I B.So I did C.So wereyouD.So did you
5.1finally gotthe jobI dreamedabout.Never inall mylife sohappy.(2000北京春)A.did Ifeel B.I feltC.Ihadfelt D.hadIfelt
6.Maybe youhave beento manycountries,but nowhereelse suchabeautifulpalace.(2004辽宁)A.can youfind B.you couldfind C.you canfind D.could youfind(
7.Not untilallthefish diedintheriver howserious thepollution was.1995)NMETA.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizedC.thevillagersrealized D.didn/tthevillagersrealize
8.Only inthis wayto makeimprovement inthe operatingsystem.(2003上海春)A.you canhope B.you didhope C.can youhope D.didyouhope()
9.Not untilI begantoworkhowmuchtimeIhadwasted.1990NMETA.didnt IrealizeB.did Irealize C.I didntrealize D.Irealize
10.The oldcouple havebeen marriedfor40years andnever oncewith eachother.(2003全国)A.they hadquarreled B.they havequarreledC.have theyquarreled D.had theyquarreledKeys:1-5DBCBD6-10AACBCStep3:Consolidation
1.Multiple choice
2.—Did youenjoy thattrip一Im afraidnot.And.A.my classmatesdont eitherB.my classmatesdont tooC.neither domy classmatesD.neither didmy classmates
3.Only afterI readthe textover againits mainidea.A.that Iknew B.didIknewC.I couldknow D.Ididknow
4.If youdont eatit,neither.。