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Period4Lesson3The Roadto Destruction——Reading Comprehension读前清障I.匹配单词(请把单词和其对应的英语解释连线)
1.destruction A.building orrepairing workon theroad
2.decade B・following apattern,especially withthe sametime orspace
3.regularC.the actof destroyingsth orthe processof beingdestroyed
4.stuck D.to showor makea connectionbetween twoor morethings
5..roadworks E.unable tomove orto bemoved
6.relate F.a periodof tenyears答案l.C
2.F
3.B
4.E
5.A
6.DIL选词填空take action/steps,sit around,around the corner,be related to,make excuses
1.There isno sensejust sittingaround whenfacing difficulty.
2.It isyou thatare toblame foryour failure;don tmake excusesany more.
3.With theCollege EntranceExamination aroundthecorner,students gotincreasingly stressed out.
4.It ishigh timethat weshould take action/steps toprotect theendangered speciesfrom dyingout.
5.Believe itor not,researchers haveshown thatbody massindexBMI isrelatedtowages andincome.精读课文While-readingI.Fast-reading formain ideas
1.Read thepassage quicklyand fillin theblanks.
2.What sthe mainidea of the textA.The trafficcondition isso terriblethat weshould stopdriving cars.A.Because of these seriouseffectsB・Owing toinconvenience forsome peopleC.It wouldbe topromote otherforms of transportD.Another possibilityis topersuade people to usebusesE.Most of them have advantages as well asdisadvantagesF.Moreover,traffic jamsnegatively affectthe environmentG.Therefore,governments everywhereare workinghard to find solutionsto thisproblem语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了交通堵塞的一些消极影响以及解决交通堵塞问题的一些方法
1.答案G角星析根据上文“In additionto wastingpeople,s time,traffic jamshave manyother negativeeffects.可知,交通堵塞造成了很多问题,因此需要解决G项符合题意,和上文为因果关系故选G
2.答案F解析上文陈述了交通堵塞对司机的负面影响,下文描述交通堵塞造成浪费和污染,这是环境方面的负面影响,F项承上启下,符合语境故选F
3.答案A解析上段陈述了交通堵塞的不良影响,后文开始探讨解决方案,A项在此起到承上启下的作用故选A
4.答案C解析上文提出需要受欢迎的解决方案,下文列举了一些可以缓解交通堵塞的其他交通工具C项中的uother formsof transport和下文的“ferries,cycles andunderground trains”对应,上下文语意连贯故选C
5.答案E解析结合上段末提到的骑行的优缺点和空处上文uOverall,cities areusing avariety ofmethods todealwith the problem of traffic jams/可知,这些解决方案既有优点同时也有不足E项符合题意,E项中的“them”指代上文的“methods”故选EB.What weshould doto solvethe traffic problems.C.Serious traffic problems havea negativeimpact onour life.D.The influenceofthetrafficproblems and the possible solutionsto them.答案DII.Careful-reading fordetailsActivity1细节把握
1.What sthe purposeoftheconversation inPart1A.To showthere area lotof suchconversations.B・To introducethe topicofthepassage.C.To showthere areaccidents everyday.D.To showit takesa longtime togo to work.答案B
2.How manycars werethere inBritain20years agoA.
12.6million.B.
18.4million.C.24million.D.
25.6million.答案D
3.What sthe advantageof takingpublic transportA.Saving yourtime.B・Helping youlive longer.C.Keeping youfit.D.Relaxing yourself.答案D
4.From thelast paragraphwe caninfer theauthor.A.will followthe suggestionsB・thinks thesuggestions areuselessC.is makingan excusefor drivingthe carD.has nochoice butto drivethe car答案cActivity2深层理解
1.Where isprobably thepassage fromA.A diary.B,A fashionmagazine.C.A personalblog.D・A governmentreport.答案c
2.What is the texttype ofthe passageA.Narrativet己叙文.B-Argumentative writing议论文.C.Expository writing说明文.D.News report新闻报道.答案c
3.Which wordcan beused todescribe theauthor swriting styleA.Serious.B.Humourous.C.Interesting.D.Unique.答案BPost-readingActivity1课文语法填空Cars havemade peoplel.angryanger,stressed outand causedthe realcosts socially.Take Britainforexample,in thelast20years,the numberof carson the roads
2.has gonegoup by25%,Over thelastdecade,
3.an averageof2,500people havedied everyyear invehicle accidents.Traffic isone ofthe major
4.causescause ofglobal warmingand climate change.Almost30,000deaths peryear arecaused byairpollution.Some typesof cancerare related
5.to trafficpollution.Here aresome adviceabout howto giveup
6.drivingdrive.Firstly,use yourlegs.Regular exercisecancut therisk ofheart disease
7.by50%!Secondly,use publictransport.Thirdly,think beforeyougo.Before8,gettingget intoyour car,think about
9.whether youreally needto makethat journey.Besides,share cars.It ismuch cheaperand lO.kinderkind to the environment.Lastly,takeaction!Don tjust sitaroundand complain!Activity2长难句理解
1.How oftendo wearrive atwork orschool,stressed out,tired and angry[句式分析]此句是简单句,形容词短语stressedout,tired andangry在句中作状语[自主翻译]又有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁?
2.But personalanger andstress arenothingcompared to the realcosts socially.[句式分析]此句是简单句,compared to意为“与……相比,可以看作过去分词短语作状语,也可以看作状语从句的省略,即省略了主语和be动词[自主翻译]但是和真正的社会损失相比,个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提
3.Before youget intoyour car,think aboutwhether youreally needto makethat journey.[句式分析]此句是复合句,Before引导时间状语从句,主句是祈使句,句中的whether引导宾语从句[自主翻译]在上车之前,想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方
4.We oftenthink there is nothingwe cando about the noise,pollution anddanger oftraffic.[句式分析]此句是复合句,主句的谓语动词是think,其后是省略了that的宾语从句;宾语从句中的we cando about…是省略引导词that的定语从句,其先行词是不定代词nothing[自主翻译]我们经常o觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险,自己无能为力课时精练I.阅读理解ATraditional car-centered transportplanning hasnot onlyincreased greenhouse gas emissions,butalso harmfullyimpacted airquality,road injuriesand deaths,and traffic jams.As the world facestheclimate crisis,aswellas growingrisks inroad safety,a shiftto sustainabletransport is needed.Attainingand sustaininghigh rates of walking and cycling-also known as active mobility—are among the mostpowerfulchanges communitiescan make.It doesbring numerouseconomic,environment,health andsocial benefits tothe community.First,high ratesof activemobility lead to greaterconnectivity,reduced trafficand parkingjam,morereliable traveltimes andincreased publictransit ridership.Cities inSoutheast Asialose2%to5%of theirannualGDP totrafficjam,with Manilain thePhilippines sufferingthe worstloss at$67million perday.Improving walking and cycling systems can help tolessen thefinancial lossassociated withit.Second,active travelcanhelpreduce emissionsto achieveglobal targets.Cities contribute70%of theworlds greenhousegas emissionsand21%of thesecome fromurban transportalone.Shifting towalkingand cyclingis thequickest andmost efficientway tominimize thecarbon footprintof transport.Third,positive effects on publichealth arealso abundantwith safewalkingand cyclingsystems.Forexample,the WorldHealth Organizationfound thatenhancing sustainablemobility inAccra,Ghana,could saveup to5,500deaths andan additional33,000lives fromincreased physicalactivity overa35-year period—andasaving of$15billion inhealth carecosts.Finally,traveling byfoot orbike evenimproves justiceand socialunity.After Istanbul,Turkey,pedestrianized(步行化)its city,a surveyshowed that68%of pedestriansinterviewed feltmorecomfortable in the area.Many low-income populationsalso livewith littletransport accessor unsafeandinconvenient routesto theirdestinations.Constructing safeactive travelnetworks canimprove accesstoopportunities andservices for these disadvantaged groups.In conclusion,people sphysical,mental,social andeconomic healthbenefit from the abilityto walkorbike insafe environments.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文传统的以汽车为中心的交通严重影响着环境质量,转变为以步行和骑自行车为主的可持续性交通模式很有必要
1.What canwe learnaboutthecar-centered transportA.It isknownasactivemobility.B・It canhaveaharmful impacton airquality.C.It canbring numeroussocialbenefitstothecommunity.D.It is amongthemost powerfulchanges communitiescan make.答案B解析细节理解题根据文章第一段第一句可知,以汽车为中心的交通方式对空气质量有坏的影响故选B项
2.Which isa benefitof activemobilityA.Avoiding thehealth carecosts.B・Solving sometrafficproblems.C.Increasing the greenhousegasemissions.D.Improving accessfor theadvantagedgroups.答案B解析推理判断题根据文章第二段第一句可知,高流动性的好处是能够解决一些交通问题故选B项
3.What sthe authorJs purposein writingthe passageA.To introducethe benefitsof walkingandcycling.B.To urgepeopletowalk andcycle asmuch aspossible.C.To showways ofdeveloping thehabit ofwalkingandcycling.D.To explain the consequencesof traditionalcar-centered transport.答案A解析写作意图题通读全文尤其是最后一段可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍步行和骑车的好处故选A项BFrom theloss ofwildlife torising sealevels,we reall wellaware ofthe problemsthat climate changecould cause.But whileit mayseem likesuch issueswon taffect mostof usdirectly,it lookslike futuregenerationscould growup withoutsomething thatmany ofus nowtake forgranted:chocolate.According toan essaypublished bythe USNational Oceanicand AtmosphericAdministration,changes ofthe climatein theareas thatproduce cacao—the plantfrom whichchocolate isproduced-maymean thatit willsoon becomeextinct.Most ofthe worlds cacaogrows incountries closetotheequato(r赤道),with overhalf ofit growingin the Africannations ofGhana andIvory Coast.lt spredicted thatby2050,climatechangewill havespedup therate atwhich temperaturesin thesecountries rise,making itextremely difficultfor cacao to growthere.The problemdoesn tlie inincreasing heat,but inlower humidity(湿度),as it s believedthat rainfallwillstay at the samelevel ifthe temperaturerises.“In otherwords,as highertemperatures squeezemore waterout ofsoil andplants,itsunlikely thatrainfallwill increaseenough tooffset themoisture loss,“wrote MichonScott,the essays author.To help fight thisproblem,researchers fromBerkeley UniversityintheUS areworking onchangingthe DNAof cacaoplants toallow themto survive in dryer conditions byusing gene(基因)editingtechnology,according toUS News.In themeantime,Mars,one ofthe worlds biggestcompanies ofchocolateproducts,announced thatit wouldspend1billion dollarshelping reduce the effectsof climatechange.“This isa worldissue,and itrequires everyonetoworktogether,“Mars spokespersonBarry ParkintoldBusiness Insider.The messagehereisthat ifwe alldo ourpart,we maybe ableto preventsome ofthe worstinfluencesof climatechange.Or ifwe reunlucky,chocolate willbecome athing ofthe past.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章讲述了由于气候变化,用于制造巧克力的可可树未来可能会灭绝,研究人员正力图解决这一问题
4.What willmake ithard forcacaotosurvive aroundthe equatorinthefutureA.The increasing heat.B・The higherhumidity.C.The moisture loss inthe soil.D.The decreaseof rainfall.答案C解析推理判断题根据第三段中的“The problemdoesn tlie inincreasingheat,but inlower humidity(湿度)”和第四段内容可知,将来可可树难以存活是因为土壤中水分的流失故选C项
5.What doesthe underlinedword“offset“in paragraph4probably meanA.Make up.B.Add up.C.Dry up.D.Use up.答案A解析词义猜测题根据第四段中的“as highertemperatures squeezemore waterout ofsoil andplants,its unlikelythat rainfallwill increaseenough tooffset themoistureloss”可知,高温会加速水分蒸发,而降雨量不可能增长到足以抵消水分的流失,由此推知画线词的意思是“抵消;补上”故选A项
6.What willMars doto helpcacao surviveA.It willwork hardto plant cacao ingreenhouses.B・It willuse thegene editingtechnology toplantcacao.C.It willdevelop cacaothat cansurviveindryerconditions.D.It willgive financialsupport tohelpfight climatechange.答案D解析细节理解题根据倒数第三段的最后一句可知,美国的玛氏公司将提供经济支援,用来降低气候变化带来的影响故选D项
7.What isthis articlemainly aboutA.Some newresearch andfindings aboutgrowing cacao.B・The influencethat cacaoplants haveon climatechange.C.Problems cacaoplants couldface andthepossiblesolutions.D.The significanceof workingtogether tofightclimatechange.答案c解析主旨大意题通读全文尤其是第二段可知,本文主要讲由于气候变化,用于制造巧克力的可可树未来可能会灭绝,人们正在努力避免这一趋势所以本文主要介绍了可可树面临的问题及可能的解决方案故选C项CBreathing dirty air cancost someones lifespan(寿命)months-even years,a newstudyfinds.Worldwide,air pollutionlowers average lifespans bya year.Scientists sharedtheir newfindings inEnvironmentalScienceTechnology Letters.Air pollutionhas beenlinked tomany health problems.Most earlierstudies havelooked athow tinyair pollutants affectedratesofillness ordeath.But nowan environmentalscientist,Joshua Apte,is goingevenfurther.He worksattheUniversity ofTexas,Austin.He togetherwith his team islooking atlifeexpectancy,hoping tomake thethreat easier to understand.PM
2.5is whatscientists calltiny particlesof pollutionintheair.Higher levelsof PM
2.5can causehealthproblemsandcut months,if notyears,from the averagelifespan.This analysisshows pollutionaffectslife expectancyin differentparts oftheworld.The WorldHealth Organization(WHO)recommends limitingPM
2.5to10micrograms(微克)per cubic(立方)meter ofair.Apte,s groupused datato trytofindhow thislow levelwould helppeople.But meetingthe WHOstandard wont getrid ofhealth damagefrom dirtyair.That sbecause evenbelow10micrograms percubic meterpollution stillcauses huge risks.Reducing air pollution couldincrease life expectancy.The scientistsalso comparedhow otherthreatsshorten lifespans acrossthe globe.These riskfactors includedsmoking andcancer.These resultsshow thatin poorcountries,cleaning up dirtyaircould greatlyincrease lifespans.ltcould haveas bigan effectas cleaningup drinkingwater,or curinglung cancer.However,in wealthiercountriesair pollutionshortens lifeexpectancy byless thanhalf ayear.All formsof cancer,in fact,shortenthe averagelifeexpectancyby morethan
3.5years,Knowing thiscan reallyhelp people,or policymakers,decide whereto spend their money,“says KirkSmith.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学研究
8.Why isJoshua Aptesteamcarrying outthe studyA.To knowhow smallairpollutantsare.B.To studymany differenthealthy problems.C.To letpeople understandairpollutionbetter.D.To studythe lifeexpectancy ofdifferent people.答案C解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“But nowan environmentalscientist,Joshua Apte....hoping tomakethe threateasiertounderstand.n可知,约书亚阿普特的团队进行这项研究,是为了让人们更好地了解・空气污染故选C
9.What willhappen ifone countrylimits PM
2.5to10micrograms percube meterA.Its airis veryclean.B・It stillhas pollutionrisks.C.It willget aprize fromWHO.D.Its peoplewill livea healthylife.答案B解析细节理解题根据第四段中的That sbecause evenbelow10micrograms percubic meterpollutionstill causeshugerisks.”可知,如果一个国家将PM
2.5限制在每立方米10微克,它仍然有污染风险故选B
10.What canwe inferfromthelast paragraphA.It svery hardto cleanupdirtyair ina shorttime.B.Lung canceristheleading killerin allkinds ofcancers.C.Reducing airpollution canincrease allpeople slifespans much.D.The studywill helpdifferent countriesor peopletake differentpolicies.答案D解析推理判断题根据最后一段中的^Knowing thiscan reallyhelp people,or policymakers,decidewhere tospendtheirmoney”可推断,这项研究将帮助不同的国家或人民采取不同的政策故选D
11.What canbe thebest titleforthetextA.Air PollutionIs ShorteningLives WorldwideB・Many FactorsAre AffectingPeople sHealthC.Governments AreTrying toMake LifespanLongerD.The Effectof CancerIs Worsethan DirtyAir答案A解析标题归纳题通读全文,特别是第一段中的uBreathing dirtyair cancost someoneslifespan(寿命)months—even years,a newstudy finds.v可知,文章阐述了空气污染会缩短人类寿命的科学研究所以A项“空气污染正在世界范围内缩短人类的寿命”作为文章标题最为合适故选AH.七选五Traffic jamisaserious problemin cities worldwide.There aresimply toomany vehiclescompetingfor toolittle space.The companyTomTom,which doesresearch ontraffic incitiesworldwide,estimatedthat in2015theaveragecommuter(上下班往返的人)wasted100hours duringthe eveningrush houralone.In additionto wastingpeople stime,traffic jamshave manyother negativeeffects.
1.Traffic jamshave negativeeffectsondrivers,cities andthe environment.To beginwith,they causestressto drivers,which mayleadtohealthproblemsor roadrage.
2.Traffic jamswaste fuel,which inturnproduces morecarbon dioxidethrough carexhaust andcontributes tothegreenhouseeffect.3,it isimportant forcities andgovernments everywhereto takesteps toreduce roadjams.Themost obvioussolutions involveengineering.This meansbuilding moreroads withwider lanesso thatmorecars cantravel atthe sametime.However,the costsfor engineeringsolutions areextremely high.Therefore,a morepopular solutionisneeded.4,For example,ferries,cycles andunderground trainsareincluded.One suggestionis toencourage peopleto cyclemore.Although cyclinghas obvioushealthbenefits anddoes notpollute theair,it isnot practicalin everyclimate andcan provedangerous inheavytraffic.Overall,cities areusing avariety ofmethods todeal withtheproblemoftrafficjams.
5.We shouldencouragealternative formsoftransportbecause theyreducetheamount oftraffic ontheroadsand alsohavea positiveeffect onthe environment.。