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Unit2Childhood MemoriesActivereading1Reading and understanding3Answer the questions.1What wereSylvia Plathsmost importantmemoriesShe rememberedwinning aprize,Paula Brownsnew suitand the view fromher window.2Where did she liveand whatcould shesee fromher bedroomwindowShe livedon thebay sideof town,on JohnsonAvenue,and shecould see the lightsofBoston andLoganAirport fromher bedroomwindow.3What did theviewmake her want to doIt madeherwantto flyin herdreams.4Why didshe havesuch vividdreamsBecause she was rarelytired whenshe wentto bed.5Who appearedin herdreamsSuperman appearedand taughther tofly.6Why didshe enjoythe radioadventures ofSupermanBecause sheloved thesheer poetryof flight.7Where did her friendand sheplay SupermanAtthe dingyback entranceto theschool,an alcovein along passageway.8Why do you think they choseSheldon to be thevillainBecause hewas a mammas boyand wasleft out of theother boys games.9How didshe feelabout herUncle FrankSheadmired himas shethought hebore anextraodinary resemblanceto Supermanincognito.10Choose thebest summaryof the passage.11Sylvia Plathwrote abouther realand imaginarylife asa child.Dealing withunfamiliar words12Match the words in the boxwith theirdefinitions.1accurate andtrue definite2continuing allthe timeperpetual3to spinquickly incircles whirl4to shinevery brightlyblaze5to laughin anervous,excited orsilly waythat isdifficult tocontrol giggle6to encouragesomeone tospeak orcontinue speakingprompt7to fallto theground tumble6Complete theparagraph with the correct form of the words in Activity
5.Plat.neve.neede.t.b.l.prompte.t.tal.abou.he.childhoo.memories.The.wer.ver.
2.definit.an.stil.rea.t.he.a.a.adult.Sh.imagine.sh.coul.fi.an.
3.whir.throug.th.ai.lik.Superman.Comin.fro.th.highway.aroun.Bosto.wa.th.
4.perpetua.soun.o.traffic.
1.th.distanc..plan.wa.takin.off.it.light.
5.blazin.int.th.nigh.sky.Sh.remembere.th.soun.o.
6.gigglin.whic.cam.fro.th.grou.o.girls.Sadl.i.he.late.lif.i.seeme.a.i.Superma.ha.
7.tumble.t.earth.7Replace theunderlined wordswith the correct form of the wordsinthe box..Th.light.a.th.airpor.wen.o.an.of.al.da.an.night.blinked.Th.playgroun.wa.lik..desert.I.wa.withou.an.interestin.o.positiv.feature.an.unfriendly.barrenl.wer.gossipin.an.giggling.tag.Pullin.th.leg.of.insect.i..for.o.actio.causin.extrem.physica.pai.b.someon.a..punishment.an.i.extremel.cruel,torture.Th.similarity.appearanc.betwee.th.twin,wa.striking.resemblance.H.woul.cove.cand.wit..piec.o.clot.use.fo.cleanin.lip.an.hands.an.mak.i.disappear.nap kin8Answer thequestions aboutthewords and expressions.1If youlook througha kaleidoscope,are youlikely tosee achanging coloured patterns,or ba singlecolouredpattern2If youflaunt something,do youa deliberatelytry tomake peoplenotice,or btry tohideit3If youmarvel atsomething,do youfind ita boring,or bsurprising andfascinating4Are shootingstars likely to amove brightlythrough thenight sky,or bstand still5Is thetwilight likely to be a atthe endof,or binthemiddle of the day6If youdrift offto sleep,are youlikely tofall asleepa quickly,or bslowly7If someoneis bookish,are theylikely to be amore,or bless interestedin readingbooksthan doingother activities8If youmake upsomething,doyoua invent,or bborrow itfrom someoneelse9If youcome intoyour own.are youlikely toshow ahow effectiveand usefi,or bineffectiveand uselessyou canbe10Is a villain likely to be a agood,or bbad person11If youare left outofsomething,are youlikely tobe a included,or bexcludedActive reading2Reading andunderstanding4Choose thebest wayto completethe sentences.1The characteristicsof childhooda hundredyears agod.a wouldhave interferedin theireducationb aresimilar tothose oftodayc wouldbe illegaltodayd meantthat childrenwere treatedmore likeadults2The ideathat childhoodis asocial constructionsuggests thata.a childrenexperience childhoodin differentways accordingto thesociety inwhich theylivebenormous transformationshave takenplace within a relativelyshort timecchildren inthe pastworked harderdall childrenare differentfrom adults3Both Inuitand Tonganparents understandthat b.a theirchildren needtobetreated in a waywhich wouldbe consideredharsh byoutsidersb theirchildren dontyet possesscertain prizedqualities,such asreasoning andsocialcompetencec growingup isa process of acquiringthought,not socialskillsd bringingup theirchildren requirestolerance anddiscipline4Parents ofBeng childrentreat themwith greatcare becausethey d.a thinkchildren knowall humanlanguages andunderstand allculturesb thinklife inthe earthlyworld isunpleasantc believethe childrenstill livein aspirit worlddfear thechildren maychoose toreturn to the spiritworld wherethey livedbefore theywereborn5Western childcarepractices c.aincludeallowing eight-year-old girlsto workand12-year-old girlsto marrybtreat thechild ina bizarreand possiblyharmful waycseethechild asbeing incompetent,dependent on the parents,and incapableof lookingafterother childrendare onlysimilar toYanamamo childcarepractices inthat girlshelp outat home,andboys areallowed toplay wellinto theirteens6The mainidea of the passageis thatc.a historyshows ushow our perception of childhood haschangedb childhoodis viewedin differentways accordingtothechilds culturaland socialupbringingcboth historyand societycan affectourperceptionof childhooddWestern notionsofchildhoodare outdatedand notinformedDealing withunfamiliar words.Rea.th.passag.agai.an.fin.th.word.i.th.box.Choos.th.bes.definitio.i.th.contex.o.th.passage.1consumptiona the processofbuying orusing goodsbthe processof eating,drinking,or smokingsomething2coloniala relatingto asystem orperiod inwhich onecountry rulesanotherb madeinastyle thatwas commonin NorthAmerica inthe18th century3knita tomake somethingsuch asa pieceof clothingusing wooland stickscalled knittingneedlesbto jointogether orwork togetheras onegroup orunit4larsha unpleasantand difficult to liveinb strict,unkind,and oftenunfair5contacta communicationbetween people,countries,or organizationseither bytalking orwritingb asituation inwhich peopleor thingstouch eachother6imposea toforce someoneto havethe sameopinion,belief asyoub tocause extrawork forsomeone byasking themtodosomething thatmay notbeconvenient forthem7perspectivea away ofthinking about somethingb asensible wayof judginghow good,bad,important etcsomething isin comparisonwithother things6Replace theunderlined wordswiththecorrectformofthewordsand expressions inthebox.Ou.l.knowledg.an.understandin.o.childhoo.i.undergoin..proces.o.h.Wes.w.se.childre.a.bein.
3.i.nee.o.adul.control.However.amon.othe.
4.socio-cultura.group.wit.simila.tradition.childre.ar.
5.mainl.considere.t.b.capabLo.assumin.greate.responsibilities.S.ther.i..
6.stron.desir.fo.
7.someon.wh.doe.no.belon.t.thi.grou.t.thin.tha.suc.practice.migh.b.od.o.eve.harmful.Bu.whil.mos.ethni.group.ma.a.firs.sho.
8.hesitatio.abou.integratin.othe.tradition.an.custom.wit.thei.own.
9.outsid.pressure.usuall.mak.the.chang.thei.traditiona.vie.o.childhood.Key:1notion2continual3dependent on4ethnic5largely6temptation7an outsider8reluctance9external7Answer thequestions aboutthewordsandexpressions.1Is prosecutionlikely tobe athe actof accusingsomeone ofa crime,or btheprocessofsupervisionby thesocial services2Is intricatelikely tobeavery basic,or bvery detailedin desigi3Is leniencylikely toinvolve:a kindnessandunderstanding,or bstrict discipline4If someonetells youoff,are theya criticizi,or bpraising you5Is amischievous childlikelytoa bewell behaved,or benjoy havingfun bycausingtrouble6If achild iswilful,are theylikelytocause damageor harma deliberately,or bbymistake7When achild isunsupervised,are theylikelytobealooked afterby adults,or bwithoutan adultlooking afterthem8Is somethingbizarre likelytobestrange anddifficulttoexplai,or bvery usualLanguagein useunpackingcomplex sentences9Look atthe sentencesfrom thepassage Supermanand answer thequestions.1My flyingdreams werebelievable asa landscapeby Dali,so realthat Iwould awakewitha suddenshock,a breathless sense ofhaving tumbledlike Icarusfrom thesky andcaughtmyself onthe soft bed just in time.a Whatwere believableHerdreams aboutflying werebelievable.b Howreal weretheyThey werevery real.c Whohad thesense ofhaving tumbledlike IcarusThewriter,Sylvia Plath.d Whywould shewake upwith abreathless senseBecauseshe felt shewasreally flying.e Whatdidthebreathlesssensefeel likeItfelt likea suddenshock.f Why didshecatch herselfonthesoftbedjustintimeBecause she feltshewas falling.2We evenfound astand-in fora villainin SheldonFein,the sallowmammas boyon ourblockwho wasleft outoftheboysgamesbecause hecried wheneveranybody taggedhimand alwaysmanaged tofall downand skinhis fatknees.a Whatdid wefindWe foundsomeone whocould beavillain.b Whowas thestand-in fora villainSheldonFein.c Whatwas helikeHe wassallow andamammasboy.d Wheredidhecome fromHecame fromtheir block.e Why was heleftoutoftheboys gamesBecausehe alwayscried andfell over.f Whathappened when he alwaysmanaged tofall downHeskinned hisknees.2Rewrite thesentence fromthepassageCultural childhoodsinadiagram below.Hehas writtenhow aYanamamo girlis expectedto helpher motherfrom ayoung ageand bytheage oftenwill berunning ahouse.3Complete thesentences withthecorrectformofsuitable expressionsfrom thecollocationbox.Sometimes morethan onecollocation ispossible.1The Australianbush resblazed forseveral daysbefore theywere broughtunder control.2As achild Ruthslong darkhair tumbleddown herback.3He comesfrom avery close-knit/tight-knit familywith threebrothers andtwo sisters.4I remembermy fatherused tokn hisbrows/eyebrows togetherwhenhewas thinkinghardaboutsomething.5It wasextremely hotand thesun wasblazing.6Did youknit thatimper/hat yourselfIts reallybeautiful!7Im watchingthe financialmarkets-1thinktheprices ofstocks willnble quitesoon.4Translate theparagraphs intoChinese..M.flyin.dream.wer.believabl.a..landscap.b.Dali.s.rea.tha..woul.awak.wit..sudde.shock..breathles.sens.o.havin.tumble.lik.Icaru.fro.th.sk.an.caugh.mysel.o.th.sof.be.jus.i.time.Thes.nightl.adventure.i.spac.bega.whe.Superma.starte.invadin.m.dream.an.teachin.m.ho.t.fly.H.use.t.com.roarin.b.i.hi.shinin.blu.sui.wit.hi.cap.whistlin.i.th.wind.lookin.remarkabl.lik.m.Uncl.Fran.wh.wa.livin.wit.mothe.an.me.I.th.magi.whirlin.o.hi.cap..coul.hea.th.wing.o..hundre.seagulls.th.motor.o..thousan.planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信,以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来,好似伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来,虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上,但也被吓得喘不过气来当超人开始侵入我的梦乡,并教给我飞行的技巧之后,我每夜的太空冒险便开始了超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服,肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷,经常从我身边呼啸而过他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了,舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时,我好似能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声,上千架飞机的马达轰鸣声.I.contrast.childre.o.th.Pacifi.islan.o.Tonga.studie.b.Hele.Morton.ar.regularl.beate.b.thei.parent.an.olde.siblings.The.ar.see.a.bein.close.t.ma.peopl.tha.adult.becaus.the.lac.th.highl.prize.qualit.o.socia.competenc.()o.pot.a.th.Tongan.caLit.The.ar.regularLtol.of.fo.bein.clums.an..chil.wh.fall.ove.ma.b.laughe.at.shoute.at.o.beaten.Childre.ar.though.o.a.mischievous.the.cr.o.wan.t.fee.simpl.becaus.the.ar.naughty.an.beating.ar.a.thei.mos.sever.betwee.th.age.o.thre.an.fiv.whe.childre.ar.see.a.particularl.wilful.Parent.believ.tha.socia.competenc.ca.onLb.achieve.throug.disciplin.an.physica.punishment.an.trea.thei.childre.i.way.tha.hav.seeme.ver.hars.
1.outsiders.相反,根据海伦•莫顿的研究,太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子,因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力(汤加人称之为)小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂,他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵pot斥,甚至被打人们认为儿童很顽皮,都是因为淘气他们才哭闹,或者要东西吃在大人看来,三至五岁的儿童尤其任性,因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠父母们相信,只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力,所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子5Translate theparagraphs intoEnglish.在火车站上,有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历,那些战斗故事对1我有着极大的吸引力后来他上了车,列车从我身边隆隆地开走了可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见,对于英雄们的壮举,我钦佩不已(fascination;roar;marvelA.th.railwa.station.a.ol.ma.tol.m.hi.experienc.i.th.Liberatio.War.th.fightin.storie.o.whic.wer.o.grea.fascinatio.t.me.The.h.go.u.o.th.trai.an.i.roare.pas.me.Bu.th.storie.wer.s.rea.an.definit.tha..greatl.marvelle.a.th.courageou.deed.o.thos.wa.heroes.行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境,还能大大降低能源消耗回忆2这个地区近年来的发展情况,我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评,还促使居民增强了环保意识,尽其所能节约能源consumption;impose;take exceptionto;promptEffectiv.environmenta.polic.migh.brin.abou..goo.environment.a.wel.a.reducin.energ.consumption.Lookin.bac.o.th.recen.developmen.o.thi.region.w.find.t.ou.pleasan.surprise.tha.littl.exceptio.ha.bee.take.t.th.environmenta.polic.o.th.loca.government,_.an.th.polic.ha.als.raise.th.environmenta.awarenes.o.th.loca.resident.an.prompte.the.t.sav.energ.a.possibl.a.the.could.Reading acrossculturesChildhood aroundthe world1Read thepassage andanswerthequestions.1What childhoodmemories doeseach onedescribeDebora.use.t.hel.he.grandmothe.coo.fo.Jewis.festivals.Myeon.O.Le.one.trie.hi.grandmother.rolle.cigarettes.Olg.playe.wit.stra.cat.an.dogs.Yildi.playe.i..Russia.plan.whic.lande.i.thei.playground.2WhydidDeborah feelproud whenshe helpedher grandmotherBecauseshefeltthat cookingwas important.3Why doyou thinkMyeong OkLee wasso embarrassedBecausehe didntknow howto smokeproperly andmade afool ofhimself.4WhywasOlgas mothershocked withherBecause Olgabrought straycats anddogs home.5Why doyou thinkthe Russianpilot wasarrestedBecause he wasnt supposed to landthere,or perhapshewasntsupposedtoland atall inTurkey.6Which onesdid youmost enjoyreading Canyou saywhyI enjoyedOlgas andYildizs childhoodmemories themost,because Ithought theyareunusual andI couldimagine howthe eventshappened.。